UWORLD for Shusha

A study found that over time, compared to white immigrants, immigrants of color experience poorer health overall. The researchers hypothesized that these immigrants, while living in the United States, are confronted with implicit and explicit negative messages about their outsider status as both a racial "minority" and as "immigrants," which have a cumulative impact on health. This hypothesis is most related to which pair of factors? A.Intersectionality and racialization B.Cultural transmission and racialization C.Intersectionality and stereotype threat D.Cultural transmission and stereotype threat

A. Intersectionality and racialization

To test whether an upgrade to the physical environment of a medical clinic would impact patient perceptions of medical staff, researchers surveyed patients immediately before and six months after a medical practice moved from a small office with outdated furnishings to a large, newly remodeled office. Patient perceptions of medical staff were significantly improved at the new location. Given this study design, which statement is supported? A.The behavior of medical staff was a potentially confounding variable. B.The timing of the data collection presented a threat to reliability. C.Researchers could conclude that the upgraded environment created a halo effect for the medical staff. D.Researchers could determine that the new environment was directly responsible for the improvement in patient perceptions of staff.

A. The behavior of medical staff was a potentially confounding variable.

A researcher recruited 20 individuals with complete spinal cord injuries at cervical vertebrae C3 or C4 (participants had no sensory or motor function below the site of injury) and 20 matched controls. Participants were presented with images designed to evoke positive, negative, or no emotion. If the results indicate no significant difference between participants with spinal cord injuries and control participants in the emotional response to the images, this finding would: A.contradict the James-Lange theory. B.support the Schachter-Singer theory. C.contradict the Cannon-Bard theory. D.support the theory of universal emotions.

A. contradict the James-Lange theory.

In a neuron, mitochondrial biogenesis is believed to occur primarily in the cell body, but mitochondria are often positioned at the presynaptic terminal, a distal site with high metabolic demand. Given this information, which molecular mechanism is most likely responsible for mitochondrial transport from the cell body to the presynaptic terminal? A.Kinesin motors transport mitochondria along microtubules B.Kinesin motors transport mitochondria along microfilaments C.Dynein motors transport mitochondria along microfilaments D.Dynein motors transport mitochondria along microtubules

A.Kinesin motors transport mitochondria along microtubules

Behavioral Sciences Symptoms of a myocardial infarction can differ between individuals. Women who experienced a myocardial infarction were later interviewed by a researcher about their decision to seek treatment. Many participants noted that they delayed seeking treatment because their symptoms didn't match the "prototypical" heart attack symptoms they had seen in the media. Which concept best explains this phenomenon? A.Representativeness heuristic B.Availability heuristic C.Actor-observer bias D.Hindsight bias

A.Representativeness heuristic

https://docs.google.com/document/d/16tBoxpo9SQF28DNI2KPW2iauDbXyBgvHFzk2x7NOZws/edit?usp=sharing How is the energy of the phosphate transfer from ATP to RCAN1 affected by the addition of active p38α? A.The activation energy decreases but the Gibbs free energy is unaffected. B.The activation energy increases but the Gibbs free energy decreases. C.The activation energy increases but the Gibbs free energy is unaffected. D.The activation energy and the Gibbs free energy both decrease.

A.The activation energy decreases but the Gibbs free energy is unaffected.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lFdIn9cM9GiOnsoTt5IAGDE64-yr1FKoKieJ_N6Xc5o/edit?usp=sharing The Lineweaver-Burk plot shown above depicts the glycosidase activity of isoform 1. If both isoforms were tested at equal enzyme concentrations, which of the following would describe the appearance of the plot for isoform 2 relative to isoform 1? A.The x-intercept would be left-shifted and the slope would be decreased. B.The slope would be decreased but the x-intercept would be unaffected. C.The x-intercept would be right-shifted but the slope would be unaffected. D.The slope would be increased and the x-intercept would be right-shifted

A.The x-intercept would be left-shifted and the slope would be decreased.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JGsu7AVkhgdjWUhLTFCp7UAEt0zD2iDkH2AUHaUS7C8/edit?usp=sharing The graph represents the relationship between the dose of a new drug and the severity of Parkinson-like motor symptoms, a suspected side effect. This drug is most likely a: A.dopamine antagonist. B.dopamine agonist. C.serotonin antagonist. D.serotonin agonist.

A.dopamine antagonist. Excess dopamine, linked to psychotic symptoms, is brought down by antipsychotic drugs aka dopamine antagonists.

Behavioral Sciences In an experiment, researchers find that certain neurons in the visual cortex preferentially fire in response to a bar of light that is oriented at a specific angle, and that different neurons similarly respond to bars of light oriented at different angles. This finding provides the strongest evidence for: A.feature detection. B.parallel processing. C.spreading activation. D.sensory adaptation

A.feature detection.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/16tBoxpo9SQF28DNI2KPW2iauDbXyBgvHFzk2x7NOZws/edit?usp=sharing Based on the information in the passage, which of the following best describes the regulation of p38α activity? A.p38α is activated by a covalent modification. B.p38α is inactivated by a covalent modification. C.p38α is activated by a noncovalent modification. D.p38α is inactivated by a noncovalent modification.

A.p38α is activated by a covalent modification. Phosphorylation is a post-translational covalent modification, like glycosylation.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xNm60arARWhpEeHh62bBpUD4p15NcAe4P0kvfJK4HDA/edit?usp=sharing Which graph best represents the relationship between temperature and the equilibrium constant Keq of an exothermic and endothermic reaction?

B.

Which statement is NOT accurate regarding human social behavior? A.Early attachment style tends to have long-lasting effects on relationships and well-being B.Attachment styles result from bonding that occurs within the first hours after birth C.Sensitive and responsive caregiving tends to result in more secure attachments D.Stranger anxiety is considered a normal developmental milestone for infants

B. Attachment styles result from bonding that occurs within the first hours after birth

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lFdIn9cM9GiOnsoTt5IAGDE64-yr1FKoKieJ_N6Xc5o/edit?usp=sharing Which conclusion is LEAST supported by the data in Figure 2? A.Glutamate at position 14 is required for glycosidase activity but not isopeptidase activity. B.Mutating serine at position 31 has no effect on isopeptidase activity or glycosidase activity. C.Lysine at position 38 is required for isopeptidase activity but not glycosidase activity. D.Mutating histidine at position 92 has the smallest impact on glycosidase activity.

B. Mutating serine at position 31 has no effect on isopeptidase activity or glycosidase activity.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lFdIn9cM9GiOnsoTt5IAGDE64-yr1FKoKieJ_N6Xc5o/edit?usp=sharing Given that blood pH is 7.4, what is the approximate isopeptidase activity level of isoform 1 in blood expressed as a percentage of optimal activity? A.40% B.50% C.80% D.100%

B.50%

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1E36qsbb1T1bUD2mB03LzfFjy5PjMxm20uwONM0WkjXc/edit?usp=sharing Which of the following scenarios would be the best example of a "transmission of affect" as it is described in the passage? A.A child is given a hearing aid and feels joy upon hearing sound for the first time. B.Cheering fans at a basketball game encourage their team to score the winning points. C.The memory of a childhood coach motivates an Olympic diver before her toughest dive. D.A surgeon promises a patient's spouse that a surgical procedure will be successful.

B.Cheering fans at a basketball game encourage their team to score the winning points.

Behavioral Sciences Research has shown that when individuals consume the same food stimulus, they reach satiety faster compared to when they consume varied food stimuli. This finding suggests that satiety, which involves a reduction in both physiological and behavioral responses to food stimuli, may be partly due to: A.desensitization. B.habituation. C.operant conditioning. D.generalization.

B.habituation.

Behavioral Sciences If neuroimaging studies show that auditory hallucinations are associated with increased activity in the speech production area of the brain, then PET scans of patients experiencing auditory hallucinations most likely demonstrate: A.increased uptake of radioactive tracer-labeled glucose in Wernicke area. B.increased uptake of radioactive tracer-labeled glucose in Broca area. C.increased deoxygenation of blood in Wernicke area. D.increased deoxygenation of blood in Broca area.

B.increased uptake of radioactive tracer-labeled glucose in Broca area.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1E36qsbb1T1bUD2mB03LzfFjy5PjMxm20uwONM0WkjXc/edit?usp=sharing The passage discussion of stage acting is unusual in that the author gives attention to: A.the effect of performers on audiences. B.the impact of the audience on performers. C.the transformative nature of theater for audiences. D.the ability of some performers to capture an audience.

B.the impact of the audience on performers.

Tissue regeneration has an important role in which of the following circumstances? A.Generating a multicellular embryo from a zebrafish zygote B.Producing neurons from chicken embryonic stem cells C.Producing new cartilage cells in a punctured rabbit ear D.Creating scar tissue in human skin that has been injured

C. Producing new cartilage cells in a punctured rabbit ear Regrowth is from the SAME functional tissues

When first memorizing neuroanatomical structures and their functions, a student associates the amygdala, which starts with the letters A-M-Y and is involved in processing emotions, with her "emotional" friend named Amy. This scenario illustrates: A.the elaboration likelihood model. B.the availability heuristic. C.an encoding strategy. D.associative learning.

C. an encoding strategy.

Which statement best identifies the promotion of false consciousness in popular media? A magazine article about heart disease in women that emphasizes the role of: A.genetics in the development of heart disease, while overlooking the role of social influences on disease etiology. B.global inequalities in access to health care, which lead to growing disparities in mortality rates between nations. C.individual choices in the development of heart disease, while overlooking the role of systemic inequality in access to health care. D.social class inequalities in access to health care, which lead to unequal rates of heart disease among the wealthy and poor.

C. individual choices in the development of heart disease, while overlooking the role of systemic inequality in access to health care.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14s4IjtUZSkhFncpvqYNm5jk3Pa1_UYjWJSxFraJVlo0/edit?usp=sharing Based on the data, what was the highest purification yield of Protein X? A.0.5% B.25% C.50% D.75%

C.50%

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1E36qsbb1T1bUD2mB03LzfFjy5PjMxm20uwONM0WkjXc/edit?usp=sharing Based on the passage, audience members must do which of the following to have an emotional connection with performers and impact them on stage? A.Be willing to engage in theatrical experiments B.Feel excited about the prospect of viewing the performance C.Be attentive and expressive during the performance D.Actively participate in parts of the live performance

C.Be attentive and expressive during the performance

During sarcomere contraction, which of the following would shorten in length? (picture of sarcomere provided) A.A band only B.H band only C.I band and H band only D.A band, I band, and H band

C.I band and H band only

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1E36qsbb1T1bUD2mB03LzfFjy5PjMxm20uwONM0WkjXc/edit?usp=sharing Based on information contained in the passage, which of the following would one LEAST expect to have observed in the theater throughout the twentieth century? A.Unique methods of incorporating audience members into the first act of a play. B.Audience members joining cast members on stage during the curtain call. C.Impenetrable boundaries between the performers on stage and the spectators. D.Live theatrical experiments involving spectators and performers.

C.Impenetrable boundaries between the performers on stage and the spectators.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/16tBoxpo9SQF28DNI2KPW2iauDbXyBgvHFzk2x7NOZws/edit?usp=sharing Given that RCAN1 noncompetitively inhibits calcineurin, which statement is true regarding the dissociation constants shown in Figure 1? A.Kd1 < Kd2 B.Kd1 > Kd2 C.Kd1 = Kd2 D.The relationship between Kd1 and Kd2 cannot be determined without more information.

C.Kd1 = Kd2 The passage and question state that RCAN1 noncompetitively inhibits calcineurin. Therefore, RCAN1 must have equal affinity for free calcineurin and the calcineurin-pRCAN1 complex. As a result, the two Kdvalues must be equal: Kd1 = Kd2.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1E36qsbb1T1bUD2mB03LzfFjy5PjMxm20uwONM0WkjXc/edit?usp=sharing Suppose that the plays "Shogun" and "The King and I" are being performed at a Broadway theater in New York City. Based on the passage, which of the following is least likely to be true? A.Performers are able to clearly gauge the audience's reaction during "Shogun." B.Performers are capable of describing the audience's reaction to "The King and I." C.Performers can predict the audience response to the upcoming production of "Shogun." D.The audience members hold the actors responsible for the success of "The King and I."

C.Performers can predict the audience response to the upcoming production of "Shogun."

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1E36qsbb1T1bUD2mB03LzfFjy5PjMxm20uwONM0WkjXc/edit?usp=sharing The author's attitude toward the comments of the "well-known stage actor" (Paragraph 3) can be best described as: A.affectionate. B.impartial. C.assenting. D.adverse.

C.assenting. Assenting means agreeing w/

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1E36qsbb1T1bUD2mB03LzfFjy5PjMxm20uwONM0WkjXc/edit?usp=sharing Suppose that a new actor is scheduled to appear in the musical "Oklahoma." Based on the passage, the author would most likely argue it is important for the actor to: A.discuss audience engagement with fellow actors after the first performance. B.comprehend theater and the role of the audience from a historical perspective. C.perceive the heightened feelings of the audience during a powerful scene. D.become accustomed to a derisive audience after making a blunder on stage.

C.perceive the heightened feelings of the audience during a powerful scene.

Acetylation of lysine residues in histones increases gene expression because: A.DNA is tightly bound to negatively charged amino acids on histones. B.the carboxyl oxygen atoms in acetyl groups form hydrogen bonds with nitrogenous bases. C.the salt bridges between charged amino acids and phosphate groups are disrupted. D.lysine residues in histones associate with positively charged phosphate groups in DNA.

C.the salt bridges between charged amino acids and phosphate groups are disrupted.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/16tBoxpo9SQF28DNI2KPW2iauDbXyBgvHFzk2x7NOZws/edit?usp=sharing Dephosphorylation of pRCAN1 by calcineurin most likely causes which of the following? A.Increased calcineurin activity B.Upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity C.Decreased p38α activity D.Downregulation of T-cell activation

D. Downregulation of T-cell activation

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1u8wcemEbBmPtR1ybZFrySuCDM1lPDtpimQM78teP0cM/edit?usp=sharing

D. Explanation when you scroll down on the word document

Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur when the administration and delivery of health care is organized as a bureaucracy? A.Licensing for health care providers is impersonal and standardized B.Health care providers and administrators have separate and specialized roles C.There is a clear chain of command among health care providers and administrators D.Health care providers treat each patient as unique and administer personalized patient care

D. Health care providers treat each patient as unique and administer personalized patient care

In a two-part procedure for teaching children with diabetes to self-inject insulin, a child is first shown a video of same-aged peers self-injecting insulin and is then given a sticker for each attempt to self-inject. This procedure utilizes: A.Classical conditioning and secondary reinforcement B.Classical conditioning and a token economy C.Observational learning and a token economy D.Observational learning and secondary reinforcement

D. Observational learning and secondary reinforcement

Which scenario best illustrates dishabituation? An intensive care unit nurse: A.finds the beeping from medical monitors increasingly annoying over time. B.no longer notices the beeping from medical monitors over time. C.ignores the background noise of medical monitors beeping but notices and responds to a critical alarm. D.no longer noticed the beeping from medical monitors before vacation but notices it again upon returning to work.

D. no longer noticed the beeping from medical monitors before vacation but notices it again upon returning to work.

Behavioral Sciences A pharmaceutical company is testing how much sugar should be added to a pediatric oral liquid suspension to make the medication more palatable. Researchers determine that adding 0.2 g of sugar to 20 mL of oral suspension Z results in children detecting a just noticeable difference in taste. Based on Weber's law, should the addition of 0.2 g of sugar to 50 mL of oral suspension Z be detectable 50% of the time? A.Yes, because 0.2 g sugar is the just noticeable difference B.Yes, because Weber's law is based on a constant value C.No, because 0.2 g is below the absolute threshold D.No, because Weber's law is based on a ratio

D.No, because Weber's law is based on a ratio

The genetic code is said to be degenerate because there are 64 different codons, but translation produces only 20 unique amino acids. The degeneracy of the genetic code is due to which mechanism? A.Exclusion of protein coding regions from mature mRNA B.Errors during tRNA charging C.Ambiguity of the tRNA for the amino acid D.Nontraditional base pairing of the anticodon with the third base of the codon

D.Nontraditional base pairing of the anticodon with the third base of the codon

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lFdIn9cM9GiOnsoTt5IAGDE64-yr1FKoKieJ_N6Xc5o/edit?usp=sharing Both isoforms of destabilase have approximately the same kcat values for isopeptidase activity at optimal pH, but Figure 1 shows that when 5 μL of each purified enzyme was provided with saturating levels of substrate, the isoforms had different levels of activity. What factor could explain this apparent discrepancy? A.Isoform 2 had less activity than isoform 1 because isoform 2 did not operate at Vmax under saturating conditions. B.The 5 μL sample of isoform 1 had a higher enzyme concentration than the isoform 2 sample because the affinity column bound isoform 1 more tightly. C.Isoform 1 had less activity than isoform 2 because isoform 1 became denatured at pH 6. D.The 5 μL sample of isoform 2 had a higher enzyme concentration than the isoform 1 sample because E. coli expressed isoform 2 at higher levels.

D.The 5 μL sample of isoform 2 had a higher enzyme concentration than the isoform 1 sample because E. coli expressed isoform 2 at higher levels.