VEN 003 Fall 2017 Final Study Guide
In the German Prädikat category system, very sweet, highly concentrated wines made from "Selected dried berries" are known as:
Trockenbeerenauslese
Chianti is a blended red wine made in the __________ region of Italy.
Tuscany
Red wine grapes were introduced to the New World by European missionaries, and the same variety was given different names in different regions of the New World. Which of the following name(s) apply to these red wine grapes introduced by missionaries?
'Mission' grapes in California and 'Criolla' in Argentina
The only California AVA that is divided between Napa and Sonoma Countries is:
Carneros AVA
In which wine producing country are the Aconcagua and Maipo valleys located?
Chile
Which South American country has a climate and topography very similar to those of California (i.e., cool wet winters and warm, dry summers; a coastal mountain range and a central valley), making it particularly appropriate for winegrowing?
Chile
French Champagne is classified according to its sweetness. Which of the following is the sweetest category?
Doux
The federal tax rate for wine sold in the USA is based on which two factors?
Ethanol concentration and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration
Which region(s) of Australia produce(s) the most wine?
New South Wales and South Australia
The Finger Lakes wine growing region is located within which state:
New York
If a wine bottle from the United States has a label stating the wine is a "Reserve," what does that mean, by law?
No conclusions can be drawn about the wine, because the term "Reserve" has no legal meaning
When tasting a wine, we swirl the wine in a glass to concentrate aromas. For best results, the glass should be:
No more than one third full
Which of the following refers to a famous Spanish red wine, usually a blend of Tempranillo and Garnacha?
Rioja
There are many types of Port wine. Which of the following is considered as the "standard" Port wine, typically described as young and fruity; usually blended from several years; and aged in wood 3-4 years prior to bottling?
Ruby port
What are California's two main wine grape growing regions? Which has higher production? Which has higher unit value?
San Joaquin Valley and Coastal San Joaquin Valley has higher production Coastal has higher value
Which of the following is a sweet (botrytized) white wine, made from a blend of Semillon and Sauvignon blanc grapes, produced in the Bordeaux region?
Sauternes
What are the five basic tastes?
Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami
In Europe, a Controlled Appellation Designation (AOC, PDO, DO, etc.) provides information about which of the following?
The grape varieties used in making the wine, where the grapes were grown, and how the wine was made
A Controlled Appellation of Origin provides information about which of the following:
The geographic origins the grapes, the production regulations by which the wine was made and grapes were grown
Beaujolais nouveau wines are made by
Carbonic maceration
Which of the following are historic contributions of UC Davis to the California Wine Industry?
"Re-starting" the California wine industry after the Prohibition, studies on the relationship between wine quality and climate, introduction of modern sanitation to winemaking eliminated widespread contamination of wine, first standardized lexicon for wine sensory attributes with the Wine Aroma Wheel
The United States has strict wine label requirements for certain geographic designations. If a US wine is labeled as "Estate Bottled", which of the following must be true, by law?
100% of the grapes must be from vineyards owned or controlled by the winery
Vinho Verde is:
A fresh, low alcohol wine made in Portugal from under-ripe grapes
What is the difference between Aroma and Bouquet?
A specialist refers to wine aromas for the primary and secondary aromas, but refers to tertiary aromas as bouquet.
The "Judgment of Paris" in viticulture refers to:
A wine tasting competition in the 1970s, won by California winemakers
The federal agency assigned the responsibility of developing regulations, conducting product analysis, and ensuring tax and trade compliance for alcoholic beverages made and sold in the United States is:
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
By law, labels on all wine bottles sold in the U.S. must include what information?
Alcohol concentration, "Contains sulfites" if over 10 ppm SO2, Surgeon General's heath warnings
What is the Marangoni Effect?
Alcohol evaporates more quickly than water Alcohol crawls up glass as it evaporates Since there is a film of water on top, it is pushed up in an arch. Eventually gravity wins, the water's surface tension is broken, and down runs the water, in tears.
A vintage date on a label indicates which of the following:
All or a majority of the grapes in the bottle were grown and harvested in the year specified.
Wine labels in the US are required to provide which of the following information?
Amount of alcohol (given as percent by volume) OR 'Table wine' designation, indication that the wine contains sulfites if there is more than 10 mg/L (10 ppm) SO2, health warnings
The famous winemaking region of Mendoza is located in which country?
Argentina
A bottle of wine is labelled as "2007- Navarro Vineyards - Anderson Valley - Pinot Noir". Anderson Valley, California is an American Viticultural Area (AVA). Assuming the label information to be correct, what percentage of the grapes used to make this wine are from this AVA?
At least 85%
The grapes used to make the famous wines of Piedmont in Italy, such as Barbaresco, Barolo, Barbera and Asti include (answer may include both red and white grapes):
Barbera, Nebbiolo, and Moscato
Two tannic red wines, aged in wood, typically made from 100% Nebbiolo grapes in the Piedmont region of Italy, are:
Barolo and Barbaresco
What is a "blind tasting"? A "vertical tasting"?
Blind: conceal identity for objective evaluation Vertical: Different years of same wine
Sherry and Port are often compared to one another, yet there are many important differences between the two. Which of the following statements correctly describes something they have in common?
Both Port and Sherry are fortified wines
Some very sweet wines such as Barsac (Bordeaux), late harvest wines from Germany, wines from Tokaji (Hungary), and others, rely on a specific microorganism infecting the berries near harvest to concentrate the berry sugars. That organism is:
Botrytis cinerea
Which of the following is a fungus/mold that can infect grapes, and under the right conditions, notably in Bordeaux, Alsace, and Germany (among others), the infected grapes are used to produce a sweet wine with a characteristic honey-like character?
Botrytis cinerea
The wines of Sauternes are made with
Botrytized grapes
A "vertical tasting" means tasting which of the following:
Bottles of the same wine, made in different years by the same winery
In California since 2000, according to the material presented in class, which Napa Valley Red wine grape typically brings the highest prices per ton?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Which variety is predominant in wines from the Medoc?
Cabernet sauvignon
What US region/state produces the most wine?
California
Within the United States, which state produces the most wine?
California
The Winkler Scale refers to:
California climate regions measured in growing degree days, described by a UC Davis professor in the 1940s
According to recent data from OIV, USDA and other government sources, the consumption of wine over the past 10 years is increasing in _________ and __________, but decreasing in ________.
China, USA, France
What are California's two main wine grape growing regions?
Coastal region and San Joaquin Valley
How does aging affect wine sensory characteristics?
Color Whites: yellow --> amber Reds: purple --> orange-brown Aroma fruit declines 'bottle bouquet' develops (cooked artichoke) Taste bitterness declines
In wine tasting events, wine is sometimes tasted in opaque black glasses and/or in a room illuminated by colored light. This is because:
Color perception can bias the way our senses perceive wine
Which of the following is true about the effects of Prohibition on grape and wine production in the US and California?
Commercial production of alcoholic beverages stopped
In the Italian Appellation System, how do DOCG wines (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita) differ from DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) wines?
DOCG are wines of distinction that must pass a blind taste test; DOC wines do not undergo a taste test
A wine that is said to "have legs" is:
Demonstrating the Marangoni Effect
Which of the following describes a port wine?
Fermentation is arrested while sugar is still 9-12%, wine is fortified to 18% or more ethanol, the wine is typically aged and blended prior to sale.
The production of ________ is made by extended aging in the presence of "flor" yeast, blending in a Solera system and fortifying to ~15% alcohol.
Fino Sherry
American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) are used in the United States to designate which of the following characteristics?
Geographic origin of the grapes only
Most of the grapes produced in Washington State are used for:
Grape juice or jelly
In the German wine classification system, the most highly prized wines are made from grapes with which characteristics?
High sugar content
"Prohibition" refers to the period in US history when wine was outlawed by the 18th Amendment to the US Constitution. When, and why, was Prohibition adopted?
In 1919-1934, because prohibition advocates thought that ending alcohol abuse would solve complex social problems
The Traditional System of winemaking in France collapsed in the mid-19th century. This radical change can be attributed, in part, to:
Introduction of Phylloxera in France, killing grapevines
Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc are the dominant varieties grown in which French region?
Loire Valley
Which French region, extending from the Atlantic coast to far inland, is known as the second largest producer of French sparkling wines (after Champagne)?
Loire Valley
Eastern Washington, including the Columbia Valley, produces 99% of the grapes from this state. What characteristics of Eastern Washington growing season make it well suited to grape production?
Long summer days and the rain shadow effect of the Olympic and Cascade mountains
Some of the world's oldest-yet-still-drinkable wines include _____ wines made from white grapes, fortified with brandy. These wines were originally shipped around the world, during which they became "desirably rancid" ("rancio"). These wines are made in an autonomous Portuguese region known as:
Madeira
Which Midwestern US state, known for its "Rhineland" settled by Germans in the Mid-19th century, was the second-highest wine producing state in the US before Prohibition?
Missouri
Which of the following is true about the calories in wine?
Most of the calories come from ethanol
Barbaresco wines are made in
Piedmont
Red wines from Burgundy are made from
Pinot noir
The major wine producing region of Oregon, the Willamette Valley, is particularly well known for which varietal?
Pinot noir
This grape variety was developed in South Africa and is a cross between Pinot noir and Hermitage (Cinsault). It is a tannic and fruity wine.
Pinotage
California winegrape production has experienced many so-called 'boom and bust' cycles. The specific reasons for the up-cycles and the corresponding down-cycles are often quite different. The boom in the 1880s was largely due to which of the following reason/s?
Population growth in Northern California after the Gold Rush, world-wide demand for wine was increasing due to phylloxera destruction of French vineyards, Completion of Transcontinental Railroad tied California markets to eastern US markets
What are Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Aromas and how/why do they develop?
Primary aromas: known as varietal aromas, come from the type of grape used Secondary aromas: Known as vinous aromas: develop during the pre‐fermentation and fermentation process. Tertiary aromas: developed during the post fermentation process, in the wine barrel, and, later while the wine is being aged in a bottle for years
An important and world-renowned wine variety from New Zealand, particularly the Marlborough region of the South Island, which is often characterized by aromas described as 'fruity' and/or 'grapefruit', is:
Sauvignon blanc
White wines from the Marlborough region of New Zealand have a worldwide reputation due to their unique fruity flavor, often compared to grapefruit. Which grape variety is used in making this wine?
Sauvignon blanc
Sparkling wines made in Germany are called:
Sekt
In addition to the end of commercial production of alcoholic beverages in the United States, which of the following occurred during the Prohibition era?
Sharp increase in the number of home winemakers
Flor yeast is used in the production of
Sherry
The region of Italy that produces the highest volume of wines, more than that of Australia and New Zealand combined, is:
Sicily
Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic tastes
Smoky
Which country of the Southern Hemisphere is known for its low domestic wine consumption, high brandy production, and rapid growth of its wine industry in areas such as Stellenbosch following favorable political developments in the early 1990s?
South Africa
Which European country has the largest vineyard area worldwide, and is home to the world's most abundant grape, but has relatively low average wine production per unit area?
Spain
Red wines from the Northern Rhone Valley are made from
Syrah
Which of the following are important red/black/purple grape cultivars?
Syrah, Zinfandel
There have historically been a number of 'boom and bust' cycles in the wine industry of California. What factor(s) likely contributed to a 'boom' in California winemaking in the 1880s?
The California gold rush brought population growth to the region, Phylloxera destroyed European vineyards, eliminating competition, and the US East and West coasts were linked by railroads
Which of the following are differences between the French AOC (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) and the Italian DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita) Appellation systems?
The French AOC system is hierarchical, but the Italian DOCG system is not necessarily hierarchical. The Italian DOCG system requires that wine pass a blind taste test to obtain the DOCG designation, but the French AOC designation does not.
The "French Paradox" as discussed in class refers to the observation that:
The French consume as much dietary fat as Americans, but have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease
On the lable below, please identify the following (if applicable):
The appellation: N/A The aging statement: N/A The vintage: 2008 The grape variety: 100% Shiraz What country is this wine from? Australia
On the label below, please identify the following (if applicable) (#16 and #17 are not listed as multiple choice questions but represent the types of information you should be able to find on a label):
The appellation: Rioja The aging statement: Crianza The vintage: 2008 The grape variety: not indicated but would likely be Tempranillo and Garnacha What country is this wine from? Spain
French-American hybrid varieties and native American grape varieties are predominantly grown in New York State for what reason/s?
The hybrid and native varieties are more cold hardy than V. vinifera.
In Spain, the terms Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva refer to which red wine criteria?
The length of time the wine was aged.
When evaluating sensory attributes of wine, appearance, taste, and aroma are all important. Aroma is defined as:
The perception of volatile compounds by olfactory receptors--either by sniffing (orthonasally) or by visualization in the mouth (retronasally)
The modern appellation system first developed in France in the early 1900s. What historical circumstances led to the introduction of the appellation system?
The phylloxera epidemic in Europe led to production of 'artificial' wines and importation of Algerian wines into France
Which of the following is TRUE of a wine labeled as "American Table Wine"?
The wine contains between 7 and 14% alcohol
Which of the following describes a traditional Chianti wine (NOT a Chianti Classico):
The wine is a blend of red and white grapes, with 75-90% being Sangiovese
A vintage year (such as 2004) on a wine bottle indicates which of the following:
The year the grapes were harvested
Which of the following is true of red wines from the Burgundy region of France?
They are 100% varietal wines
The vineyard heat index is used to provide a cumulative measure of heat in a vineyard. It is calculated from the sum of the daily average temperature minus 50 ̊F. Why is 50 ̊F used in this formula?
This is the minimum temperature for grape growing (below this temperature we assume grapes are not physiologically active)
A multipurpose grape, commonly used in raisins, table grapes, juice concentrate and wine, and accounting for about 35% of California's vineyard area, is _________?
Thompson Seedless
Which grape variety has the highest level of acreage planted in California and is known for its many uses in addition to wine production?
Thompson seedless
Which California grapes bring the highest prices?
Thompson,
In the German designation system, the amount of sugar in the berries at harvest is important. Which of the following indicates grapes with the highest amount of sugar in the berries at harvest?
Trockenbeerenauslese
The names Pais, Criolla, and Mission all refer to closely related red grapes that:
Were introduced into North and South America by Europeans
At what temperature range should a white wine be served? A sparkling wine? A red wine?
White and sparkling wines should be served cold Red wines should be served between 18 and 20 degrees Celsius (46 to 50 degrees F) For lighter reds, the temp should be colder (@ lower temps, the alcohol is less present and the aromas preserved in the bottle are revealed)
California wines experienced a major "boom" in the 1970s when Baby Boomers began drinking wine in place of cocktails. Which type of wine was primarily responsible for this boom in the 1970s?
White wine
The United States is currently a major wine producer, ranked 4th in the world. Which of the following statements is true of US wine production?
Wine is produced in all 50 states
Wines of the "New World" (outside Europe) are characterized by which of the following:
Wines names mainly for grape vairetals
Wines of the "New World" (outside Europe) are characterized by which of the following:
Wines names mainly for grape varietals
Which of the following is an important grape for making red wines in California, originally from Croatia (named Crljenak Kaštelanski there) and introduced in California by the 1850s?
Zinfandel
A wine that is fermented dry, fortified to 15% with ethanol, aged in partially full barrels in the presence of flor, blended through the solera system and bottled without further fortification would be called a _______ sherry.
fino
Burgundy and Bordeaux are two important wine growing regions in France with many similarities in their practices as well as some differences. These differences include the fact that in Burgundy vineyards are typically , vineyards may have owners, and the wines are typically .
smaller, multiple, single varieties (monovarietals)
Beaujolais nouveau wines are light, fruity wines that are made:
to be released in the year they are harvested
Which of the following is not a mouthfeel sensation?
umami
