vertebrae + associated ligaments
what rib articulates with T5 + T6
6
spina bifida
- L5 or S2 fails to develop properly - folic acid prevents
sternal angle importance
- arch of aorta begins + ends - 2nd rib articulates w/sternum - trachea bifurcates - boundary of superior mediastinum
anterior longitudinal ligament
- connects anterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies - prevents overextension - reinforces front of anulus fibrosis
posterior longitudinal ligament
- connects posterior bodies of vertebrae - limits flexion of spine - reinforces back of anulus fibrosis
ligamentum flavum
- connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae - helps maintain upright posture
conus medullaris
- end of spinal cord - @ L1 or L2
nuchal ligament
- extends from T1 to external occipital protuberance - limits forward flexion of head
transverse ligament of atlas
- holds dens of C2 against the anterior arch C1
transverse costal facet
articulates with tubercle of rib
interspinous ligaments
connect spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
supraspinous ligaments
connects tips of spinous processes
laminectomy
cutting out lamina to see spinal cord
alar ligament
extends from sides of the dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum
anulus fibrosus
fibrocartilage laminae surrounding nucleus pulposus
filum terminale
fibrous extension of the pia mater; anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx
atlas allows what movement?
flexion + extension of head
what happens during disk herniation
nucleus pulposus squeezes out
lamina
part of vertebral arch!!!!!
nucleus pulposus
remnant of notochord
vertebrosternal ribs
true ribs 1-7
vertebrochondral ribs
Ribs 8-10
which 2 vertebrae does rib 3 articulate with
T2 + T3 - inferior costal facet on 2 - superior costal facet + transverse costal facet on 3
inferior costal facet
articulates with head of rib
superior costal facet
articulates with head of ribs