vertebrae + associated ligaments

what rib articulates with T5 + T6

6

spina bifida

- L5 or S2 fails to develop properly - folic acid prevents

sternal angle importance

- arch of aorta begins + ends - 2nd rib articulates w/sternum - trachea bifurcates - boundary of superior mediastinum

anterior longitudinal ligament

- connects anterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies - prevents overextension - reinforces front of anulus fibrosis

posterior longitudinal ligament

- connects posterior bodies of vertebrae - limits flexion of spine - reinforces back of anulus fibrosis

ligamentum flavum

- connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae - helps maintain upright posture

conus medullaris

- end of spinal cord - @ L1 or L2

nuchal ligament

- extends from T1 to external occipital protuberance - limits forward flexion of head

transverse ligament of atlas

- holds dens of C2 against the anterior arch C1

transverse costal facet

articulates with tubercle of rib

interspinous ligaments

connect spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

supraspinous ligaments

connects tips of spinous processes

laminectomy

cutting out lamina to see spinal cord

alar ligament

extends from sides of the dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum

anulus fibrosus

fibrocartilage laminae surrounding nucleus pulposus

filum terminale

fibrous extension of the pia mater; anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

atlas allows what movement?

flexion + extension of head

what happens during disk herniation

nucleus pulposus squeezes out

lamina

part of vertebral arch!!!!!

nucleus pulposus

remnant of notochord

vertebrosternal ribs

true ribs 1-7

vertebrochondral ribs

Ribs 8-10

which 2 vertebrae does rib 3 articulate with

T2 + T3 - inferior costal facet on 2 - superior costal facet + transverse costal facet on 3

inferior costal facet

articulates with head of rib

superior costal facet

articulates with head of ribs