Visual Arts and Music Quizbowl

This composer reluctantly added titles such as "The Obbligato Recitative" to a piece whose third movement is based around a namesake "Farben" chord. His Op. 9 is a one-movement chamber piece with five distinct sections comprising an exposition, scherzo, development, slow movement, and recapitulation. He is not Anton Webern, but he wrote an E major Chamber Symphony No. 1 and a set of Five Pieces for Orchestra. The movement "Moon drunk" opens his setting of twenty-one poems sung in the Sprechstimme style. A woman reveals she is pregnant with another man's child in this composer's setting of a Richard Dehmel poem. For 10points, name this composer of Pierrot Lunaire and Transfigured Night, who invented the twelve-tone technique.

Arnold Schoenberg

In the upper-right hand corner of this work, a cluster of red and blue dots surround a blue structure with a road leading into it, while a larger structure in this work consists of a yellow rectangle surrounded by red and blue. The background of this work is completely white, and the foreground contains many structures composed of interlocked rectangular shapes of red, blue, and yellow, which are all connected by gray lines overrun by red, blue and yellow dots. For 10 points-name this work, supposed to depict the taxicabs of a certain avenue in New York City, a painting by Piet Mondrian.

Broadway Boogie Woogie

The artist of this painting said that while creating it, he felt as though he was not working on a painting, but "on the ground itself," and that it celebrated an "extraordinary conquest of a life which most people would consider hopeless." That artist used his young wife Betsy as a model for the head and torso in this work, as its subject was actually 55 years old when it was painted. A house depicted in this painting is now a museum in (*) Cushing, Maine. The subject of this 1948 painting is believed to have had Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a type of neuropathic disorder, and wears a pink dress while lying down in beige grass. For 10 points, name this painting of a young girl reaching towards a distant cottage, a work of Andrew Wyeth.

Christina's World

This group's main publication was later supplemented by an addition called Mecano, and its work prompted the formation of the COBRA group. Its building designs include the Cafe de Unie and a factory in Permerund, and a building containing free-floating walls, painted steel beams, and interior sliding partitions, the Schroder House. Including such people as Gerrit Rietveld and J. J. Oud, and growing out of Neo-Plasticism, FTP, identify this art movement exemplified by such works as Broadway Boogie-Woogie, which was founded Theo van Doesburg and whose main exponent was Piet Mondrian.

De Stijl

A bunch of blue diagonal lines pierce passengers in one entry in a triptych from this art movement set at a train station. A Precisionist artist from this movement who immigrated to the US created several paintings that show gray, metallic cityscapes through the arches of the Brooklyn Bridge. An artist from this movement painted the States of Mind triptych and acted on his desire to separate from "analytical discontinuity" by creating a sculpture that uses two separate blocks as (*) pedestals for a figure modeled on the Nike of Samothrace. The feet of a dachshund are blurred in painting from this movement titled Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash by Giacomo Balla. The sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is from, for 10 points, what mostly Italian art movement that celebrated war and technology?

Futurism

One artist in this movement made photographs like Greetings! influenced by Etienne-Jules Marey. An amorphous red stallion charges while men strain to hold him back in one painting from this movement, The City Rises. One painting from this movement depicts a man lunging forward as he and many others carry (*)) black flags. Another work shows a silver chain swinging in four different places while a man's shoe is seen in several phases of taking a step, as is the title character. Those paintings are Funeral of the Anarchist Galli and Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash. For 10 points, name this artistic movement whose proponents included Carlo Carra, Giacomo Balla, and Umberto Boccioni and whose manifesto was written by Filippo Marinetti.

Futurism

One member of this movement made illustrations of fashion designs by Madeleine Vionet (vyo-nay) for the Gazette du bon ton. That artist also designed a unisex "TuTa" suit and went by the mononym Thayaht. Artists from this movement advocated an "interpenetration of planes" to integrate objects with their surroundings. A painting from this movement represents a dachshund's legs as multiple (*)) blurs, and a sculpture from this movement depicts a striding humanoid with flame-like curves flowing from its legs. This movement produced Dynamism of Dog on a Leash and Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, and its manifesto was written by Filippo Marinetti. For 10 points, name this Italian art movement which included Giacomo Balla and Umberto Boccioni, and emphasized speed and modernity.

Futurism

A photograph by this artist looks down at a biker on the street from the top of a flight of winding stairs. This artist photographed a kid confidently balancing a bottle of champagne in each arm. A hole blasted into a wall forms most of the frame of his Children Playing in the Ruins. He photographed Gandhi a mere hour before his assassination. This artist captured a man mid-stride on a wet street near a disused ladder in his photo Behind the (*)) Gare Saint-Lazare. Because he documented events like the Spanish and Chinese Civil Wars, he's often considered the father of photojournalism. Armed with his 35mm Leica cameras, this person sought to capture what he called the "decisive moment." For 10points, name this Frenchman and pioneering candid photographer with a compound last name.

Henri Cartier-Bresson

A sign post in this painting displays a kneeling man and a deer; that sign post hangs over a child and two adults who kindle a large fire. In its mid-ground, a figure carries a bundle of hay over abridge with two arches. Several black birds are perched on barren trees at the top of this painting, which also shows a castle in the mountains in its top right. In the background, men play a game with curved sticks. This work is the last entry in a series also featuring The Gloomy Day and The (*)) Return of the Herd. The title figures are followed by a pack of dogs, and villagers can be seen ice skating in the distance. For 10 points, name this work set in winter by Peter Brueghel the Elder where the title figures bring back meat they've shot.

Hunters in the Snow

In this works opening number, a character claims that his "admiration for [the main character] hasn't died." One character in this work is confronted by a crowd desperately begging for his assistance, prompting him to angrily exclaim "Heal yourselves!" Another character in this work sings to the protagonist about how he is "all [they] they talk about / the wonder of the year." In one scene of this work, a group of the antagonists sing about how the protagonist (*) must die. A 1973 film adaptation of this work contains numerous anachronisms such as guards holding machine guns. In one of the songs of this work, the main protagonist has a vision of a dead character singing to him about how "Israel in 4 BC had no mass communication." For ten points, what Andrew Lloyd Webber rock opera centers around the final days of the Messiah?

Jesus Christ Superstar

The timpani plays beats under a C-minor violin theme in 6/8 time in the un poco sostenuto first movement of a symphony by this composer. The final movement of that symphony features a horn solo containing an alphorn-inspired theme. This composer composed two clarinet sonatas and a Clarinet Quintet in B minor for Richard (*) Muhlfeld. The Bach cantata Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich was the basis for a passacaglia that ends this composer's fourth and final symphony. This composer responded "any ass can see that" to an assertion that his first symphony quoted "Ode to Joy." Hans von Bülow dubbed this composer's first symphony "Beethoven's tenth." For 10 points, name this German composer of four symphonies and a famous lullaby.

Johannes Brahms

Adopted from an Henri Murger novel by Giacosa and Illica, this opera sees one character discuss his motivations in the aria "Donde lieta usci" and confess his love in "Che gelida manina." At the end, Schaunard pronounces the death of one character, shortly after Colline sets out to pawn an overcoat. In the first act, the characters go to Cafe Momus after dodging the landlord Benoit, but soon Mimi's tuberculosis is revealed, and both Rodolfo and Marcello are newly single. For 10 points, name this opera by Puccini about some poor Parisian artists.

La Boheme

At the beginning of this opera a baritone describes getting money from an English Lord who hired him to play nonstop until a parrot died. The soprano tells her lover to keep a pink bonnet hidden under her pillow in the aria "Donde lieta usci". The tenor worries about a woman's cold hands in the aria" Che Gelida Manina" after a flower girl asks for a match because her two candles went out. In "Vecchia Zimarra" Colline laments selling his favorite coat to buy medicine. This opera's second act features the aria "Quando me n'vo" in which Musetta dances her waltz to recapture her former lover Marcello. For 10 points, name this Puccini opera set in the Latin Quarter of Paris, which ends when Mimi dies in the hands of Rodolfo.

La Boheme

In this opera, a tenor character finds a woman's key before touching her cold hand in the aria "Che Gelida Manina", and another character smashes a plate, complaining about cafe service to Alcindoro before singing the seductive "Quando me n'vo". At the start of this opera, two characters burn a five-act manuscript to keep warm before [*] Schaunard and Colline arrive. Its main characters are the painter Marcello, who reunites with Musetta, and the playwright Rodolfo, whose love Mimi dies in his arms of tuberculosis. For 10 points, name this Puccini opera about starving Parisian artists, an inspiration for the musical RENT.

La Boheme

The "High-Rise City" of Ludwig Hilberseimer's Metropolis architecture is a response to one of this man's urban plans, which Hilberseimer thought did not include enough open space to handle commuters during rush hour. That plan by this man is centered on an underground transit hub topped by an airport. Team 10's Doorn Manifesto refuted the "four functions" this man defined in CIAM's Athens Charter. This man populated the outskirts of a hypothetical city with his [*] Villa Apartments, which he arranged around a core of twenty-four "Cartesian" skyscrapers. That plan, the "Contemporary City," was later adapted for Paris as the "Plan Voisin." For 10 points, name this urban theorist who published Urbanisme to expand on some ideas he expressed in Toward an Architecture.

Le Corbusier

This man's design for the League of Nations building in Geneva was rejected because he did not write it in Indian ink. Dr. Pedro Curutchet ["koo-RUT-chut"] commissioned this architect to design his house in La Plata, Argentina. This man and Oscar Niemeyer co-designed the headquarters of the United Nations. His designs often included (*) Open Hand statues, the biggest of which is in Chandigarh, India, a city that he planned. This man's frequent use of pilotis ["piloti plural"] is part of his "five points" of architecture laid out in his Towards a New Architecture. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who designed the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier

A work by this composer includes a coloratura aria which is notable for hitting the E-flat above high C three times. That operetta by this composer was based on a Lillian Hellman book that was rewritten by Hugh Wheeler. This composer scored On the Waterfront, and the aria (*) "Glitter and Be Gay" appears in his English-language operetta Candide. Officer Krupke interrupts a pantomimed, finger-snapping dance off that opens a musical by this composer; that musical by this composer contains a song about "Maria" and depicts the conflict between the Sharks and Jets. For 10 points, name this composer of West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

Studies for this painting that show a sailor holding a vase at the center and a medical student holding a skull and entering from the le were discussed in a 1972 essay on this painting's "philosophical" nature, which was written by Leo Steinberg. The artist and his friends joked that two of this painting's subjects were the artist's girlfriend and Max Jacob's (mahks ZHAH-kob's) grandmother. This work, which borrows from its artist's earlier Two Nudes, depicts a woman in the back right who enters through a part in a blue curtain. A pile of fruit sits in the bottom center of this painting, whose two rightmost subjects have facial features inspired by African masks. For 10 points, name this painting by Pablo Picasso that depicts ve prostitutes and has a title referencing a French city.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

A character in this novel religiously watches the Luxembourg Gardens, hoping to see his beloved "lark", whom he calls Ursula. A boy in this novel unknowingly brings his infant brothers to live with him in a giant plaster elephant. This novel's villain is bribed to move with his daughter Azelma to America and become a slave trader. A street gang in this novel is known by the name (*)) Patron-Minette. In the first section of this book, a man is turned away from inns because of his yellow passport but is given shelter by Bishop Myriel, from whom he steals some silver. This novel's protagonist carries a body through the sewers, a deed which Thernardier eventually reveals to Marius. For 10 points, name this Victor Hugo novel about Jean Valjean.

Les Miserables

Azelma is the name of the younger daughter of a family in this novel that abuses an orphan. In the beginning of this novel, the Bishop of Digne lives in a hospital instead of the episcopal palace he is entitled to. Earlier in this novel, the Thenardiers get free labor from a girl that is sent to them by her mother (*)) Fantine; that girl ends up falling in love with and later marrying Marius. That girl, Cosette, is raised by a man with the pseudonym of Father Madeleine, who himself is pursued by Javert when he is found to be the ex-convict Jean Valjean. For 10 points, name this novel, which was written by Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

One character in this novel mocks another for having no front teeth in a chapter about his "inactivity." That female character had sold her teeth after being abandoned by Felix. Another sells his books to survive, and that man, Mabeuf, subsequently joins the Friends of the ABC. Later in the novel, Enjolas leads a June 5 revolt with a man who rejects a street girl. That character, Marius, is in love with Cosette, the adopted daughter of a man initially imprisoned for stealing a loaf of bread. For 10 points, name this work by Victor Hugo about former prisoner Jean Valjean.

Les Miserables

This sculptor created depictions of St. John the Baptist, St. Matthew, and St. Stephen, for the Bankers', Wool Merchants' and Wool Manufacturers' guilds in his hometown; those sculptures are on the outside of the Orsanmichele. His Commentarii contain the first major autobiography of an artist, and were a major source for Vasari. This man's students include Paolo Uccello. This artist defeated Brunelleschi in a competition to design a quatrefoil depicting the sacrifice of Isaac. He created the doors for the Florence Baptistery, which were given their nickname by Michelangelo. For 10 points, name this Renaissance sculptor of the Gates of Paradise.

Lorenzo Ghiberti

A major expansion of this institution occurred in 2017 with the opening of a Jean Nouvel-designed facility in Abu Dhabi, although an earlier satellite facility had been already founded in the French town of Lens. The Daru staircase lies between this institution's Sully and Denon wings, which flank a controversial outdoor structure commissioned by (*) François Mitterrand in 1984. That structure is mirrored by an inverted pyramid in an adjacent mall, and was designed by I.M. Pei. For 10 points, name this Parisian palace that now serves as the world's largest art museum, its collection featuring iconic pieces like the Venus de Milo and the Mona Lisa.

Louvre

One aria from this opera tells of a character officially changing religions and is titled "Yesterday, I Went All Alone." That character, who is Bonze's niece in this opera, also sings "Un Bel Di." In this opera, the male lead falls for Kate after being introduced to her by her father Sharpless. This causes problems because Goro has arranged a marriage between that male character, Pinkerton, and Cio-Cio San (CHO CHO SAHN), the title (*)) geisha girl. Ending with Cio-Cio San's seppuku (sep-POO-koo), for 10 points, name this opera set in Japan by Giacomo Puccini.

Madama Butterfly

This opera's final act begins with sailors singing "Oh eh! Oh eh!," followed by the song "Gia il sole!" when the male lead arrives. In Act I, the male lead sings "Amore o grillo," telling of his first encounter with the title character, who later fantasizes about her husband's return "when the robin makes his nest" in the aria "Un bel di." Kate is introduced to the title character by Sharpless, after which the title character blindfolds her son Dolore and kills herself. For 10 points, name this opera about Pinkerton's doomed marriage with Cio-Cio San, written by Giacomo Puccini.

Madama Butterfly

This opera's premiere at La Scala was marred by the false exclamation that the lead soprano, Rosina Storchio, was pregnant with Arturo Toscanini's child when her dress blew in the wind. It's not Lakmé, but this opera sees the title character and her servant sing the Flower Duet while decorating a house. An aria in this opera tells of standing on a hill and predicting the appearance of a (*)) white ship. The love duet "Bimba, bimba" is sung in this opera, whose title character also sings "Un bel di" as she awaits the return of her husband in this opera. At the end of this opera, Pinkerton rushes in a moment too late to save his wife Cio-Cio San from committing suicide with her father's knife. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera set in Japan.

Madama Butterfly

Late in his career, this man created paintings of mathematical models in his Shakespearean Equations series. A 1919 gouache by this man titled Seguidilla is the first of his numerous "aerographs" created with an airbrush. In addition to his art, this man directed films such as The Sea Star and Return to Reason. This artist's work Gift is a flatiron with metal tacks on the bottom, and he also created a metronome with an eye titled Object to be Destroyed. This artist, who wrapped a sewing with wool and string in The (*) Enigma of Isidore Ducasse, painted f-holes onto a photograph of Kiki de Montparnasse in his work Le Violon d'Ingres. He is best known for a series of photos depicting Marcel Duchamp cross-dressing as Rrose Selavy. For 10 points, name this American Dadaist artist and photographer born Emmanuel Radnitzky.

Man Ray

This composer used a 6/8 + 2/4 (six eight plus two four) time signature as well as slurred arpeggios to represent features of the title location in "Une barque sur l'océan." A "choreographic poem" by this composer of Miroirs (mee-RWAH) is more often performed as the concert work La Valse. This composer paid homage to fallen comrades in World War I through baroque dance forms in (*) Le Tombeau de Couperin (luh tom-BOH duh coop-ah-RAN). Ida Rubinstein commissioned a one-movement piece by this composer which constantly crescendos over a repetitive snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer of Bolero.

Maurice Ravel

In this painting, a building with half-drawn window shades and a cash register in the first-floor display window stands across from the central location. Two silver canisters sit on a wood counter in this work, which features an (*)) advertisement for five-cent Phillies. Two men in dark hats and a woman in a red dress sit inside an entry-less diner in, for 10 points, what painting by Edward Hopper?

Nighthawks

The background of this painting shows a cash register in a darkened storefront under half- shaded apartment windows in an orange wall. A yellow door is set into a back wall in this painting, in which two silver canisters rest on a counter next to a woman in red. An ad for (*) five-cent Phillies hangs over a glass-fronted corner shop, where a man in white serves three customers. For 10 points, name this painting of a late-night diner, created by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

This composer used music from his planned opera The Pilgrim's Progress for his fifth symphony. The poem "Song of the Exposition" from Leaves of Grass is set to music at the start of one of this man's works. Another symphony by this composer uses quotes Prometheus Unbound, Psalm 104, and John Donne's The Sun Rising; that work is based on his film score for (*) Scott of the Antarctic and is titled Sinfonia antartica. This man unusually had the chorus sing in all four movements of his first symphony, "A Sea Symphony," but is better known for a piece based on a George Meredith poem about an upward-moving bird. For 10 points, name this British composer of Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis and A Lark Ascending.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

In the chorus of one song in this work, the alto belter female lead transitions from the note E4 to E5 while singing the word "out". Act 2 of this musical begins with a repeated two-measure theme of F major piano chords over which the cast sings "In inches, in miles, in laughter, in strife". This musical contains "Out Tonight", "Life Support" and "Seasons of Love", sung by characters like Roger Davis and Mimi Marquez. For 10 points, name this Jonathan Larson musical centering on a circle of Lower East Side artists with HIV who sing "We're not gonna pay" the title cost.

Rent

A Larghetto movement from this work in 12/8 time contains the melody A-F-D-D-C-sharp, while a G-minor movement featuring regal dotted rhythms sees the chorus cry "Rex!" at the end of orchestral phrases. A solo trombone outlines a B-flat major triad that is echoed by a bass soloist in this work's "Tuba (*) mirum." This work's introduction is followed attacca by a double fugue forming its "Kyrie eleison" movement. Count von Walsegg commissioned this D-minor work, completed by Franz Süssmayr at the behest of the composer's wife Constanze. For 10 points, name this mass for the dead left unfinished at its Austrian composer's 1791 death.

Requiem

One of this composer's works, commissioned and premiered by Eleanor Steber, opens with the words "It has become that time of evening when people sit on their porches, rocking gently and talking gently." Another of his works written in arch form primarily uses the unorthodox 4/2 time signature; that work opens with a soft B-flat in the violins. He used a James Agee essay as the basis for his Knoxville: Summer of 1915. This composer is best known for a work, originally the second movement of his string quartet, named for its tempo marking and broadcast on the radio after FDR's death. For 10 points, name this composer of Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

A piece written in this genre uses an eight note motif that begins with the notes G, G-sharp, high F, E-natural. Stravinsky declared that that piece in this genre would be "contemporary forever." Pieces nicknamed "Spring" and "Dissonance" are from a group of six pieces in this genre dedicated to Haydn. Pieces in this genre include one nicknamed "The Joke" and another that includes variations on a melody that would become the German national anthem. That set of pieces in this genre is called Erdödy. 68 Haydn pieces and Beethoven's "Grosse Fuge" ["GROW-suh FYOUG"] were written in, for 10 points, what genre of pieces written for an ensemble of two violins, a viola, and a cello?

String Quartets

The large stomach of one character in this opera blocks a phony architect, from entering the central location; that disguised character earlier asks "War es ein Traum?" about his separation from his lover. After foiling an escape attempt, the antagonist of this opera sings the aria, "O! wie will ich triumpieren". In the opening of its second act, (*)) Blonde declares, "Girls are not goods to be given away, I'm an Englishwoman, born to freedom". The lead female role sings that she will never submit to the antagonist in its Act II aria "Martern aller Arten". In this singspiel, there is unusually no singing part for Pasha Selim. For 10 points, name this comic Mozart opera where Belmonte attempts to rescue his lover Constanze from an Ottoman harem.

The Abduction from the Seraglio

One of the men in this work holds a list in his left hand and sits beside another gentleman who is standing in front of a broadsheet that bears the artist's signature and the date of its composition. Painted during the artist's time at Uylenburgh's workshop, it depicts an event that took place on January 31 of the same year that another figure in this work was punished for committing armed robbery. Its namesake was well known in his time for publishing a work describing the then unknown symptoms of Beri-Beri. That subject is surrounded by a group of black-clad onlookers, wears a large floppy hat, and holds a pair of forceps over the flayed arm of a man stretched out on a table. For 10 points, identify this 1632 work commissioned by the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons, a work by Rembrandt.

The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Nicolaes Tulp

This opera's second act opens with a "March of the Priests" popular as a wedding piece. Its protagonist is blessed in the aria "O Isis und Osiris" before being put through a trial by silence. Upon reuniting with his love, a baritone in this opera is reduced to stuttering "Pa, pa, pa." That character earlier sings "Der Vogelf änger ["FOH-gull-feng-er"] bin ich ja" as he introduces himself as the bird catcher Papageno. The murder of the sorcerer Sarastro is ordered in its coloratura aria "Der Hölle Rache" ["HUH-luh RAH-kuh"], sung by the Queen of the Night to her daughter Pamina, who is in love with Tamino. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about the title instrument.

The Magic Flute

One object in this painting is inscribed with words that translate to "companion of joy, balm for sorrow." A blue chair in this work slightly obstructs the view of a man holding a cane and standing next to a partial painting of the Roman Charity story. The light in this work comes from windows on the left, illuminating a white jug on a table whose tablecloth drapes over onto the black and white-tiled floor. A (*)) mirror in this work reveals an easel, suggesting the scene is staged, and also shows a woman who is sitting in front of a bass viol lying on the ground. Similar to its artist's other work The Concert, this work shows a woman receiving the title instructions while playing the virginal. For 10 points, name this painting by Johannes Vermeer.

The Music Lesson

In this painting, a dwarf-like boy holding a large powder horn runs off to the left, while a man holding a lance stands in the background. An old man looks down while blowing gunpowder out of his gun, and a red musketeer reloads his rifle to the left. A dog barks at a drummer in the lower right, and an upside-down chicken hangs from the girdle of a golden girl. The two central figures are highlighted by a double-spotlight, and in spite of its title, this painting depicts a daytime scene. For 10 points, name this painting depicting a company of soldiers by Rembrandt van Rijn.

The Night Watch

In this painting, a small brown dog stands next to a figure on the far right holding a marching drum. In the center background, a man can be seen holding a blue and yellow flag. In the front, Willen van Ruytenbruch, dressed in yellow with a white sash, stands next to the main figure, who is dressed in black with a red sash. The figures seen in this work are from a militia company led by Captain Franz Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Rembrandt work that shows a group of soldiers against a dark background.

The Night Watch

According to legend, this painting was inspired by its artist eating some Camembert cheese while trying to figure out how to complete his landscape of Port Lligat. Twenty-three years after its completion, its artist painted The Disintegration of this painting. This painting depicts golden cliffs in the right background, a (*)) swarm of ants in the left foreground, and a barren tree across which one of its most notable features is draped. For 10 points, name this Salvador Dali painting, which features melting clocks.

The Persistence of Memory

This composer wrote an aria in which the singer reminisces, "Once I thought I'd never grow tall as this fence," the day before her graduation. He wrote an opera about Martin and the farm girl Laurie, The Tender Land, and used the folk song "El Palo Verde" as a refrain in another work. The final movement of one of his pieces is based on the folk tune "Bonaparte's Retreat;" that work also includes a "Corral Nocturne" movement. He wrote El Salón México, as well as a ballet that features variations on the Shaker tune "Simple Gifts." Another of his works closes with a "Hoe-Down." For 10 points, name this American composer of Rodeo, who collaborated with Martha Graham on Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

The colonial print apron in this work mimics 19th-century photographs, while Northern Renaissance inspiration can be seen in the pointed arch shape of a window, and, in the distance, the tops of the trees and a red barn can be seen. The building in its background is located in Eldon, and the woman stands behind the right shoulder of the man, who was the artist's dentist and wears stitched overalls that mirror the shape of the pitchfork he holds. FTP, identify this iconic painting of a man and his daughter in front of an Iowa farmhouse, a 1930 painting by Grant Wood.

American Gothic

The attack on Pearl Harbor led the Department of the Interior to cancel this photographer's "Mural Project." This photographer depicted a San Francisco mission church in a collaboration with Mary Hunter Austin, and one of this photographer's Parmelian Prints depicts a landmark at "Winter Sunrise." With Fred (*) Archer, this photographer defined nine shades of gray in a Zone System, and he co-founded f/64 ["f-stop-64"]. After pulling off of Route 84 in Hernandez, this photographer captured a "Moonrise," and this photographer of "El Capitan" also created "Moon and Half Dome." For 10 points, name this American photographer of several Yosemite Park photos.

Ansel Adams

An artist from this movement made namesake cameraless photograms by placing objects directly on photosensitive paper. That artist from this movement created an "Object to Be Destroyed" and Le Violon d'Ingres. Another artist from this movement used (*) Mae West's face as the basis for an apartment including a sofa shaped like a pair of lips. An artist from this movement attached a photo of an eye to the arm of a metronome, and made a photo of a woman's back with a violin's F-holes added. Another artist from this movement painted melting clocks in his The Persistence of Memory. For 10 points, name this movement of Man Ray and Salvador Dalí.

Dadaism

This composer imitated J. S. Bach in writing a wedge fugue and wrote an A major fugue with no dissonance. This composer's fifteenth string quartet consists of six adagio movements, and he included three largo movements in his C minor eighth string quartet, which quotes his (*) DSCH ("D-S-C-H") cryptogram. This composer was accused of formalism in the Pravda article "Muddle Instead of Music," spurring the composition of his D minor fifth symphony. This composer's seventh symphony features a 22-bar snare drum ostinato in its "invasion theme." For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of the Leningrad Symphony.

Dmitri Shostakovich

This man came out of retirement to design a museum, which was influenced by the Ibn Tulun Mosque that sits on a peninsula in Doha, Qatar. One work by this architect used structural expressionism to resemble growing bamboo shoots. Along with the Bank of China Tower, this architect designed the John Hancock Tower, which had problems with(*) windowpanes falling off. This architect designed Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. For 10 points, name this designer of the Louvre's glass pyramid, a Chinese-American architect.

I.M. Pei

Luca Giordano decorated the Ambassadors' Hall located in the Palace of Pleasant Retreat, which was incorporated into this institution. Rembrandt's Artemisia and Roger van der Weyden's The Descent from the Cross are among the "15 masterpieces" of this institution, which also houses many works painted in the "Deaf Man's Villa" and a work showing the ladies-in-waiting to the infanta Margarita. For 10 points, identify this institution, home to such paintings as Third of May 1808, and may other works by Goya and Velazquez, a museum in Madrid.

Museo del Prado

The central figures of this painting were replaced with Humphrey Bogart, James Dean and Marilyn Monroe in Gottfried Helnwein's parody Boulevard of Broken Dreams. The setting of this painting is usually thought to be the empty Mulry Square. The central building in this painting has a yellow door with no handle and no obvious exit. This painting may have been based on a Greenwich Village restaurant. A women in a red dress next to(*) two men and a waiter appear in this painting, which also shows a sign for "five cent Phillies cigars." For 10 points, name this painting of a lonely diner by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

A song in this musical pays tribute "to apathy, to entropy, to empathy, ecstasy" and begins with a mock funeral to an Akita that leapt out of a 23rd floor apartment. In this musical, a man is seduced by a dancer who looks like his dead girlfriend in the song "Light My Candle." That man plays a guitar solo reminiscent of Musetta's Waltz in this musical's song (*) "La Vie Boheme." This musical's opening number begins with the lyrics "Five hundred twenty-five thousand six hundred minutes." For 10 points, name this musical about New York artists struggling with AIDS and the cost of living.

Rent

E. T. A. Hoffmann, who helped popularize this symphony, wrote that it "sweeps the listener into the realm of the infinite." The exposition of the first movement of Brahms' First Symphony, which is in the same key, quotes this symphony's opening motif. A timpani roll links this symphony's third movement to its fourth movement, which is in C major even though this symphony is in the parallel key, (*) C minor. Its long finale ends with 29 bars of C major chords. "Fate knocking at the door" is the name given to a motif from this symphony, which precedes its composer's Pastoral Symphony. For 10 points, name this symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven that features a "short-short-short-long" motif.

Symphony No. 5 in C Minor

A series of works by this non-Velazquez artist inspired such Francis Bacon paintings as Paralytic Child Walking on All Fours. He once took a picture of himself sitting on the edge of Yosemite's Contemplation rock, positioned to push himself off, while works by this man in his more distinctive style include Boxing; Open Palm and Movement of the Hand; beating time. The aforementioned self-portrait was used as evidence of his insanity in an event which became the basis for an opera by Philip Glass and David Byrne, the trial at which he was acquitted of the (*)) murder of his wife's lover Major Harry Larkyns. The work he is best known for was inspired by a request of Leland Stanford and required shortening the exposure time. For 10 points, name this inventor of the zoopraxiscope and photographer of Sallie Gardner at a Gallop, whose photographs of the horse Occident showed that all its legs were off the ground simultaneously while it ran.

Eadweard Muybridge

This man created a set of murals for the townhouse of Eugene Meyer entitled In Exaltation of Flowers, depicting the petunia, caladium, and budleya. His penchant for gardening is also apparent in his painting Le Tournesol, showing a black-eyed sunflower. In addition, he directed a propaganda film The Fighting Lady and created a depiction of the Flatiron building at twilight. His best-known work was arranged by architect Paul Rudolph with text by Dorothy Norman and a prologue by his brother-in-law, the writer Carl Sandburg - this work takes its title from a speech by Abraham Lincoln and now resides in Clervaux, Luxembourg - this man's country of birth. Another work by him, "The Pond-Moonlight," sold for a record amount at Sotheby's in 2006 and is one of his early Pictorialist masterpieces. FTP, name this creator of the ►exhibition The Family of Man at MOMA, an influential photographer who worked with Stieglitz to found the 291 Gallery.

Edward Steichen

This architect of the Miller House designed headquarters for companies like John Deere and Bell Labs. He designed a building topped with a thin concrete shell roof, nicknamed "the Oval," the Kresge Auditorium at MIT. This man also designed a protruding catenary roof supported by flat columns for the main terminal of Dulles International Airport and a prominent wing-shaped roof for the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport, but his most famous work is a stainless steel weighted catenary commemorating Lewis and Clark's expedition. For 10 points, name this Finnish-born architect of the St. Louis Gateway Arch.

Eero Saarinen

John Raskob commissioned Lamb and Shreve to design this building. It's spire was designed to moor Zeppelin like ships. Upon completion it surpassed the Chrysler Building as the world's tallest building. This building once again became the highest building in its city after the destruction of the World Trade Center. For 10 points, name this Art Deco skyscraper in New York City completed in 1931.

Empire State Building

A series of cables attached to a reinforced concrete arch supports the roof to this architect's Ingalls Ice Arena at Yale University. Earlier in his career he often collaborated with his father Eliel, and this designer of the Kresge Auditorium at MIT employed a curved concrete roof for his design of the Dulles International Airport. Hannskarl Bandel aided this man in the design of his best known work, a 630-foot tall inversed (*)) catenary located in St. Louis, Missouri. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect who designed the Gateway Arch.

Erro Saaninen

Architectural Forum magazine called one of this artist's buildings "the Biggest Mirror ever." That building served as a complex for Bell Labs in Holmdale, New Jersey. This architect designed a whale-shaped hockey rink at Yale named for David S. Ingalls. This architect also designed a cylindrical chapel with a spartan brick exterior next to a building shaped like an eighth of a sphere. This architect of the MIT Chapel and Kresge Auditorium included a sweeping wing-shaped roof for his design of the TWA Terminal at JFK International Airport. This architect modeled a monument after a catenary curve. For 10 points, name this Finnish architect of St. Louis's Gateway Arch.

Erro Saarinen

Jeopardy! recently filmed three episodes in a building designed by this man for IBM, the Thomas J. Watson Research Center. At one university, he designed Ezra Stiles College, Morse College, and Ingalls Rink, the so-called "Yale Whale". This man's designs for airports include the TWA Flight Center at JFK and the main terminal of Dulles International. His most famous piece of furniture design was popularized by its use on Star Trek, the Tulip Chair, but his most famous work is a one-hundred-ninety-two-foot tall inverted catenary curve in St. Louis, the Gateway Arch. For 10 points, name this son of Eliel, a Finnish-American architect.

Erro Saarinen

One of his works includes a crescent-shaped structure with 40 aisles in each of 3 levels in the Yorktown Heights building, an d he designed the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra which was initially founded as the Berkshire Music Center. In addition to the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center and the Tanglewood Music Center, the colloquially named "Jetsons Lounge" is included in his work for Vassar College; that work is the (*)) Noyes House. However, he is probably best known for a work done in collaboration with Hannskarl Bandel which features egg-shaped trams which travel through half of the catenary-shaped structure. For 10 points, identify this architect of the Gateway Arch.

Erro Saarinen

This man created a hexagonal-shaped church that is topped with a large center spire. This man designed both the North Christian Church in Columbus, Indiana and an ice rink that is nicknamed "the Whale" due to its resemblance to a whale's tail. This architect of Yale's Ingalls Rink created the main terminal of Dulles and the TWA flight center at JFK. This architect designed a monument to(*) westward expansion in the United States that has a weighted, inverse-catenary shape. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect of the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.

Erro Saarinen

An artist from this movement was inspired by his parents-in-law's farm to paint a canvas whose right side depicts a stylized rooster and which was influenced by the death of his mother in the Armenian Genocide. The Liver is the Cock's Comb is a work from this movement that was championed by Clement (*) Greenberg. A member of this movement was photographed by Hans Namuth, and notably began naming his works solely as numbers. Arshile Gorky belonged to this movement, as did a husband of Lee Krasner whose "action painting" consisted of dripping paint across a canvas. For 10 points, name this movement to which Jackson Pollock belonged.

Expressionism

A Dutch-born member of this art movement painted a winged man wearing a suit dancing with a nude woman in Archangel's Tango. Kees van Dongen belonged to this movement, like a non-Monet artist who painted The Houses of Parliament at Night and often worked in the suburb of Chatou. Its most famous member gained international fame with his Still Life with Geraniums and painted a circle of people interlocking hands in the background of his Joy of Life. That member exhibited his Woman With a Hat at the 1905 Salon d'Automne, prompting a scathing comment by Louis Vauxcelles that gave this movement its name. For 10 points, Andre Derain and Henri Matisse co-founded what art movement whose name means "wild beasts"?

Fauvism

A member of this art movement named Maurice de Vlaminck formed the so-called "School of Chatou." One of the first works associated with this movement was painted by a student of Gustave Moreau and depicts bathers on the French Riviera. The leader of this movement painted his wife Amélie in the portrait Woman with a Hat, a work that inspired critic Louis Vauxcelles to coin this movement's name at the 1905 Salon d'Automne. Works associated with this movement, such as The Dance and The Joy of Life, tend to feature aggressively vibrant colors. For 10 points, name this art movement led by Andre Derain and Henri Matisse, whose name means "Wild Beasts."

Fauvism

The third movement of this composer's Piano Concerto No. 1 begins with a short brass fanfare in A minor, even though the piece is in G minor. One of his pieces includes a march movement that begins with three solo trumpets playing a triplet of C's, then a longer C; that movement is often heard alongside Wagner's "Treulich geführt" [TROY-lish geh-FEWRT]. This composer wrote a concert overture at age seventeen, just one year after his String (*)) Octet in E-flat major. The rhythm of the saltarello dance dominates the finale of this composer's Italian Symphony; his third symphony, meanwhile, was inspired by the same trip to Scotland that produced his overture The Hebrides. For 10 points, name this composer of incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Felix Mendelssohn

This composer's fifth symphony includes a frequently omitted part for the rare serpent instrument. He's not Hector Berlioz, but the second movement of his fourth symphony is sometimes described as a "Pilgrim's March." The four movements of this composer's A minor third symphony are all performed without a break in between. The finale of his fifth symphony begins with a solo flute quoting the chorale A(*)) Mighty Fortress Is Our God. This composer's A major fourth symphony ends with an A minor saltarello, while his third symphony was inspired by the same trip that produced his Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name this composer of the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian symphonies, and incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Felix Mendelssohn

A line from this musical is quoted, followed by a sample, after the line "you don't see it, but you feel it when it's blowing in the street" in Massive Attack's song "Daydreaming." On a 1999 album that parodies the title of this musical with the word "knitting," the Magnetic Fields play its most recognizable number. Bright Eyes adapted another number from this musical to describe "the things that get stuck in your head, like the songs your roommate sings." The track "Goodbye Charlie" appears on the CD version of a 1964 album in which eight songs from this musical are played in hard bop style by Cannonball Adderley. A Louchie Lou and Michie One adaptation of a song from this musical was covered in an (*) Eve and Gwen Stefani song from the album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. titled "Rich Girl." "Sunrise, Sunset" and "To Life" are numbers from, for 10 points, what Jerry Bock musical, which also includes "If I Were a Rich Man" and centers on a dairy man named Tevye?

Fiddler on the Roof

The Pazzi Chapel was once attributed to him, although it is now thought that he was only responsible for its planning and not its construction. His first commission is notable for its reference to classical antiquity and the loggia and arches along its front, the Osperadale degli Innocenti. He won his most famous commission by successfully standing an egg on a piece of marble. Another candidate for that commission had previously beaten him in a competition to design a set of bronze doors for the Florence baptistery, Lorenzo Ghiberti. For 10 points, name this Italian architect who constructed the dome of the Florence Cathedral out of bricks.

Filippo Brunelleschi

The plan of the Pazzi Chapel is often attributed to this architect who designed the domed, cube-shaped Old Sacristy as part of one church he planned, the Basilica of San Lorenzo. This designer of the Santo Spirito also used two painted panels and a mirror to rediscover linear perspective. Another notable work of this man was built atop an octagonal drum, uses stone ribbing to support brickwork, and was thought impossible to build because buttresses had been prohibited. As a young man, his version of the Sacrifice of Isaac lost a contest over the Florence Baptistery Doors to Ghiberti, and he spent much of his career on the dome of the Santa Maria del Fiore. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance architect.

Filippo Brunelleschi

A Parisian building designed by this architect, which he referred to as "the dancer raising her tutu", contains a large film museum and archive. He designed a contemporary art museum in Germany that has a statue of Tupac Shakur in front of it; that building is the MARTa Herford. The molecular studies buildings he designed are at the University of Cincinnati. A museum he designed next to the Nervion River is covered with titanium, while stainless steel covers a concert hall he designed in Los Angeles. Name this architect of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall, who also designed the Jay Pritzker Pavilion in Chicago.

Frank Gehry

Admirers often collected this musician's unconsumed coffee in glass vials. The central C-B-E motif of a symphonic work by this composer was taken from his earlier cycle Les Quatres Élémens ("lay CAT-ruh ay-lay-MAWN"). All but the fifth piece in a collection by this composer are divided into a slow lassan ("LAW-shawn") and fast friska ("FREESH-kah"). This inventor of the symphonic poem wrote one inspired by Lamartine's "Les preludes." A namesake 1840s "mania" affected fans of this composer, who based one set of nineteen piano pieces on the gypsy music of his native country. For 10 points, name this composer of the Hungarian Rhapsodies.

Franz Liszt

One work by this composer opens with rapid G triplets that represent a horse's gallop. Six piano pieces by this man are named Moments Musicaux [Mu-si-coh], and two song cycles written by this man are based on the poetry of Wilhelm Muller. One symphony by this man includes the movements "Philosopher's Scherzo" and "March of Destiny" and was originally written as (*) incidental music to Rosamunde. This man's Piano Quintet in A Major was named Die Forelle, and is more commonly known as the Trout Quintet. For 10 points, name this German composer of Der Erlkonig in addition to an "Unfinished" 8th symphony.

Franz Schubert

An essay by a member of this movement defines the title concept as "the magnificent Chimaera, that one ever clutches at but never captures," as well as "the quest of the flesh for the unknown." That work encourages the reader to "stop despising Desire" and turn lust into a work of art. In addition to Valentine de Saint-Point, this movement included the writer of an essay that categorizes sounds into six families, like the family of whistles, hisses, and snorts. In addition to "The Art of Noises," this movement produced an essay that praises "courage, audacity, and revolt" and ends with the speaker hurling his "insolent (*)) challenge to the stars." The title of the essay "War, the World's Only Hygiene" was taken from that work, which calls for the destruction of museums and libraries and describes a "roaring motor car" as "more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace." For 10 points, name this movement that included Luigi Russolo and the author of its main manifesto, Filippo Marinetti.

Futurism

One Russian adherent of this movement later went on to write the poems "A Cloud in Trousers" and "The Backbone Flute," while another, Viktor Khlebnikov, devised a "translogical language" called zaum. That language was used in the writing of a musical work originating from this movement's aesthetic, the opera Victory over the Sun, while Sant'Elia created a series of architectural sketches inspired by this movement, called "New City." This movement's manifesto was written by the author of the poem "War the Only Hygiene of the World" and published in Le Figaro in 1909. Creating such works as "Unique forms of Continuity in Space," for ten points, identify this artistic movement whose adherents included Giacomo Balla and Filippo Marinetti, and which emphasized modernity, speed, and violence.

Futurism

A bassoon announces the main theme in the first movement of a concerto by this composer, which opens with fanfare from the timpani and cymbals. That work by this composer features a third movement which was called an "orgy of sound" and recalls the first movement grandioso. Walter Damrosch frequently conducted premieres for this composer, who called for instruments such as the güira to (*)) "take center stage" at the end of one of his overtures. This composer used a Charleston theme in his Concerto in F and used taxi horns in An American in Paris. For 10 points, name this composer who used a clarinet glissando to open Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

Both Charlie Parker's "Anthropology" and Dizzy Gillespie's "Salt Peanuts" borrow the 32-bar chord progression of a song by this musician that belittles "old man trouble." Both the last Miles Davis album before Kind of Blue and the last collaborative album by "Ella and Louis" are named for a stage work by this Tin Pan Alley resident which includes the mournful song "Gone, Gone, Gone." Lyrics to his music describing how "the (*) fish are jumpin' and the cotton is high" were written by his brother, who also wrote the lyrics for his song "I Got Rhythm." A long piece by this brother of Ira was premiered by Paul Whiteman's band and opens with a clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

Clara sings that "Fish are jumpin' and the cotton is high" in this composer's song "Summertime." He included bongos and maracas in his Cuban Overture, and he wrote songs like "Embraceable You" with his brother (*) Ira. He improvised the piano part at the 1924 premiere of his most famous work, a fusion of classical music and jazz. For 10 points, name this American composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

John McCormack noted that after hearing one of this man's works, Rachmaninoff started to play jazz pieces in his spare time. His song "Rialto Ripples" was the basis for the theme of the last of his Three Preludes, intended to be part of a large work called The Melting Pot. Walter Damrsoch commissioned this man to write a work that begins with a rhythm based on the Charleston, his Concerto in F. Another one of this composer's works, subtitled "An Experiment in Modern Music," was inspired by a train ride he took from Boston to New York and begins with a clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this composer of Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

One work by this composer was originally called "Rumba" and was based on the Ignacio Piñeiro song "Echale Salsita." Another work by this composer, the score of which includes four taxi horns, was composed when he was visiting Nadia Boulanger in France. A popular piano concerto by this composer opens with a clarinet glissando.This composer of a Cuban Overture frequently combined blues and jazz with classical music. For 10 points, name this American composer of An American in Paris and Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

Ross Gorman is famous for his trombone-like 17-note opening of a piece by this composer that incorporates stride piano techniques in its bouncy "agitato e misterioso" transition section. A symphonic poem by this composer uses clarinet and saxophone melodies to represent the homesickness of its title character. A train ride inspired this composer to write a piece that its commissioner, (*) bandleader Paul Whiteman, called a "jazz concerto." This composer of An American in Paris opened another piece with a long solo clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this American composer of Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

Sarah Vaughan won an Emmy for performing songs from this composer. One of those songs was "I've Got a Crush on You," which appeared in the shows Treasure Girl and Strike Up the Band. His song "A Woman is a Sometime Thing" appears in an opera set in the fictitious Charleston, South Carolina neighborhood called Catfish Row. Name this composer of the opera Porgy and Bess who included a clarinet glissando at the beginning of his piece Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

The adagio second movement of a piano concerto by this composer opens with a sultry muted trumpet solo accompanied by a chorus of three clarinets. The first movement of that piano concerto opens with four booming timpani strokes followed by a cymbal crash and introduces a recurring Charleston motif. In a book analyzing one of this composer's pieces, David Schiff identified five main themes, including the "shuffle" and the recurring "ritornello" theme, which is first iterated in the piano. One of this composer's pieces begins with a trill followed by a (*) 17-note rising diatonic scale, an opening debuted by Ross Gorman. Ferde Grofé ("FER-dee gro-FAY") arranged one of this composer's pieces for Paul Whiteman's orchestra, and that piece opens with a clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this composer of Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

This composer wrote, for orchestra, variations on a piano tune he often played and improvised on at parties called "I Got Rhythm." Another of this composer's works calls for instruments such as a guiro and maracas to "be placed right in front of the conductor's desk." The trumpet plays a "homesickness blues" in one of this composer's works, which features the use of taxi cab horns. This composer's most famous work was premiered at a concert titled "An Experiment in Modern Music" and opens with a clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name the American composer of Cuban Overture, An American in Paris, and Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

This man helped compose a Fascinating Rhythm standard for the musical Lady Be Good!. In another of his works, he uses a "clave" ("CLAH-vay") rhythm to keep time while other players make heavy use of rubato throughout the piece. This man depicted the citizens of Catfish Row placing money in Serena's saucer after her husband, Robbins, is stabbed with a cotton hook by Crown. In his travels to Europe, he studied with Nadia Boulanger before producing his work An American in Paris. A 17-note clarinet glissando opens his "Experiment in Modern Music". For 10 points, name this composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

A man in one of this artist's sculptures may be leaning away from the facade of the Church of Sant'Agnese for fear of it crumbling on him. This artist sculpted a dove on the alabaster window of the Throne of St. Peter. Members of the Cornaro family can be seen watching the title event from a balcony in one of this sculptor's works. This sculptor depicted the (*) Ganges and Rio de la Plata in his Fountain of the Four Rivers. In this sculptor's most famous work, an angel aims an arrow at the title saint while light rains down. For 10 points, name this sculptor who created the Ecstasy of St. Teresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

In one of this composer's operas, the protagonist sings of saving his mother from burning at the stake in "Di quella pira." The drinking song "Libiamo ne' leiti calici" is sung in another of this composer's operas, which is about the relationship between Alfredo and the title woman. Highlights from his operas include the "Anvil Chorus" and a "Triumphal March" from an opera in which Radames is condemned to be buried alive, but not before falling in love with the title Ethiopian princess. For 10 points, name this composer of Il Trovatore, La Traviata, and Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

One aria by this composer in 3/8 time has the tenor hold an F-sharp for four bars on the e ("ay") of "e di pensier" (AY dee pense-YAIR). That aria by this composer has a six-note phrase beginning with three emphatic eighth-note D-sharps before repeating the whole phrase down a step. Spanish gypsies use work tools as percussion in a chorus by this composer. The two main characters of another opera by this composer sing the (*) brindisi, "Libiamo ne'lieti calici." (leeb-YAH-mo nay-lyeh-tee ka-lee-chee). This composer took inspiration from a Dumas fils (fees) work for an opera that ends with Violetta dying in Alfredo's arms. "La donna è mobile" is sung by the Duke of Mantua in an opera by, For 10 points, what Italian composer of La Traviata, Il Trovatore, and Rigoletto?

Giuseppe Verdi

A dark wall and a door marks the right end of this work in which a bird can be seen on a shelf with its wings spread open. The left side of this work shows smoke arising from the tail of an animal, and a flower grows out of a broken sword in its bottom. An elongated arm holds a lamp near an eye-shaped light bulb in this work, and a bull stands over a grieving woman in its left. A horse with a knife as its tongue appears in the center of this painting. For 10 points, name this painting depicting the bombing of the title Basque town, a work of Pablo Picasso.

Guernica

In this work, a floating female carries a flame lit lamp and a soldier is clutching a broken sword from where a flower is growing. This work also has a distraught horse in the background and a bull standing over a woman, who is grieving over a dead child. For 10 points, name this work by Pablo Picasso created to bring world notice to the bombings during the Spanish Civil War.

Guernica

Some of this painting's symbols appear in a comic strip-like sheet of prints titled for the "Dream and Lie" of a military leader. A painting based on a figure from this painting was stolen from the National Gallery of Victoria by the "Australian Cultural Terrorists" in 1986; that reworking of a figure from this painting depicts Dora Maar as a green-skinned Weeping Woman. While working on this grisaille painting, the artist transformed the sun into an eye centered on a light bulb. In this painting, dagger-like tongues appear in the mouths of a bull, a screaming horse, and a woman with her dead child. For 10 points, the bombing of a Basque town inspired what anti-war painting by Pablo Picasso?

Guernica

The right side of this painting shows a man trapped by fire. The top of this painting features a light bulb due to the similarity between the words for "light bulb" and "bomb" in a certain language. The very bottom of this work shows a flower growing from the hand of a dead person that still clutches a broken sword. This mural, which was created for the 1937 World's Fair, shows a woman crying while holding a baby under the head of a bull on its left, and the center shows a screaming horse. For 10 points, name this mural that Pablo Picasso painted in response to the Spanish Civil War.

Guernica

The words "KILL LIES ALL" were spray painted onto this painting, in response to the My Lai Massacre. At the bottom of this painting, an arm can be seen holding a broken sword with a flower above it. Marrero and Larrea debated which image in this painting represented the people of the artist's home country, the(*) horse or the bull. At the top of this painting, an outstretched arm holds a candle and a light fixture is in the shape of an eye. For 10 points, name this painting by Pablo Picasso, depicting the 1937 bombing of a Basque town.

Guernica

This painting was first displayed alongside Alexander Calder's Mercury Fountain, and elements of it appear in an earlier series of sketches by its artist arranged in two 3 by 3 grids. In the right portion of this work, a man with his arms outstretched is being devoured by a monstrous creature, and a woman holding a candle peers through a window. In the central scene of this painting, which features an eye with a light bulb for an iris, a bull with its tail lit on fire gores a flailing horse. For 10 points, name this monochromatic painting depicting the violent bombing of a certain Basque city by the Luftwaffe, a work by Pablo Picasso.

Guernica

This painting, whose style was reused in its artist's later painting The Charnel House, was exhibited alongside a fountain that pumps mercury. A tapestry copy of this painting was covered by a curtain during a Colin Powell press conference at the United Nations. The creation of this painting was documented in a series of photographs by its artist's long-time partner Dora Maar. This painting was vandalized with the words (*) "kill lies all" written in red spray paint in a response to the My Lai (mee lye) Massacre. This painting uses only black, white, and gray to portray a flower growing from the hand of a dead soldier and a horse screaming in pain. For 10 points, name this massive painting inspired by the 1937 bombing of a Basque city, a work of Pablo Picasso.

Guernica

In 2009, construction on one of these structures in Guadalajara designed by Mexican architect Enrique Norton was cancelled. One of them can be found on the ground floor of the Deutsche Bank building in Berlin. The largest one is currently under construction, will be located in Abu Dhabi, and was designed by Frank Gehry. Zaha Hadid beat out Massimiliano Fuksas and Daniel Libeskind to design one of them for Vilnius, but Lithuanian corruption caused the project to be moved to Helsinki. One of these structures is dominated by a massive central (*)) skylight and engendered complaints about the lack of flat wall space. Another of these buildings has outer panels made of titanium and designed to resemble fish scales. For 10 points, a spiraling building in New York and a ship like building in Bilbao are among what museums opened by a certain foundation?

Guggenheim

Meredith Monk's dance Juice was first performed at this museum, which is where one can find Al Held's Untitled Y and The Yellow Cow by Franz Marc. This museum was originally called The Museum of Non-Objective Painting under the guidance of director Hilla von Rebay. Its architect intended for visitors to ride to the top of the museum and descend down a single incline while viewing its artworks. This museum, designed as a "Temple of the Spirit", resembles both an inverted (*)) ziggurat and a ribbon on a cylindrical stack that has been made with curved surfaces. A sister museum to this one is located next to Jeff Koons' statue Puppy; that museum was designed by Frank Gehry and is in Bilbao. For 10 points, name this museum designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in New York City.

Guggenheim

One of these entities was designed by Richard Gluckman for Berlin's Deustche Bank, and Rem Koolhaas designed a now-closed one for Las Vegas's Venetian Hotel. Enrique Norten designed a 24-story tower for a canceled one of these structures in Guadalajara. Zaha Hadid beat out Daniel Libeskind to design one of these structures in Vilnius, but that project has recently been scrapped in favor of Helsinki. One of these structures occupies a Venetian palazzo owned by the [*] niece of their usual eponym. In 2008, Thomas Krens gave up a career of unsuccessfully planning these buildings. A jumble of blocks and cylinders form Frank Gehry's design for a new one of these museums in Abu Dhabi. For 10 points, name this type of art museum, one of which in New York features a spiraling gallery designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.

Guggenheim

One of these locations is the site of an artwork where scrolling messages in red like "There was blood" and "I don't wait" is evenly interspersed between blue LEDs. In addition to a Jenny Holzer work titled Installation for one of these locations, viewers are encouraged to walk among the different metal shapes in Richard Serra's installation A Matter of Time located at that same location. One of (*) these locations in New York City was designed with a spiral staircase encouraging attendees to start at the top and walk down. Glass, titanium and limestone tile the outside of the Bilbao one designed by Frank Gehry. For 10 points, name these museums which include a New York City one designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.

Guggenheim

Tino Sehgal performed This Progress inside this building in 2010. A 1992 addition to this building by the firm of Gwathmey Siegel incorporated an annex designed for this building in 1968 by the original main architect's son in-law ,William Wesley Peters. This museum has the largest collection of Kandinsky in the United States, due to the influence of its first director, Hilda von Rebay. The Thannhauser Collection is maintained by this museum, which also hosts the Works & Process performing arts series. This building was designed as an "inverted ziggurat" in which visitors could walk to the top, where there is a domed skylight, on its iconic spiral ramp. For 10 points, name this art museum in New York City, which was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.

Guggenheim

A sculpture by this artist shows the titular civil war general halting his horse by pulling on its reins while holding his hat. Along with General Philip Sheridan, another one of this artist's sculptures shows a man bending his knees and stretching out his arms which are attached to wings. Another sculpture of this artist depicts the title mythical animals galloping away. Along with (*) The Aviator and Mares of Diomedes, his most famous work was carved using dynamite and displays the faces of four American presidents. For 10 points, name this sculptor of Mt. Rushmore.

Gutzon Borglum

A slightly crouched, winged figure standing atop a hemisphere and clad only in a flight cap served as this artist's monument to James R. McConnell entitled "The Aviator," while another of his works, derived from a life mask created by Leonard Volk, was originally displayed in the Capitol Rotunda. As part of a commission from the United Daughters of the Confederacy, he designed a scene depicting Jefferson Davis, Stonewall Jackson, and Robert E. Lee followed by legion of artillery troops; however, the intended high-relief frieze on Stone Mountain was never completed. For 10 points, name this American who sculpted Thomas Paine and Woodrow Wilson during a world tour while his son Lincoln supervised the completion of the presidential busts at Mount Rushmore.

Gutzon Borglum

An Arcadian woman brings both hands to her right shoulder in this man's sculpture I Have Piped Unto You and Ye Have Not Danced. A horseman looks dejectedly at the landscape ahead in Return of the Boer,and military heroes overlook Newark's Military Park in his sculpture The Wars of America. Financing issues stopped his attempt to depict (*)) Confederate leaders on Georgia's Stone Mountain, but he sculpted a prominent Union leader in his work Seated Lincoln. This man's most famous project was completed by his son Lincoln, the namesake of one of the four men whose heads are depicted in it. For 10 points, name this American who sculpted Mount Rushmore.

Gutzon Borglum

He discussed the lack of good municipal art in urban areas in his essay "Our Ugly Cities," and predicted that the airplane would "wipe out the borders of the world" after viewing an early Wright Brothers flight. One of his works depicts a slave girl named Pink being freed by Henry Ward Beecher, while his memorial to Sacco and Vanzetti features some of latter's last words and is located in the Boston Public Library. He portrayed James R. McConnell, a pilot killed in World War I, as a man with wings in The Aviator. His Twelve Apostles adorns the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York, and he depicted a stampede directed by Hercules in the first sculpture accepted by the Met, his Mares of Diomedes. For 10 points, identify this sculptor of the head of Lincoln in the US Capitol Rotunda and a National Memorial featuring the heads of four presidents at Mount Rushmore.

Gutzon Borglum

A choral piece by this composer ends with a bass soloist singing a B major "Oath of Reconciliation." This composer depicted a mountaineer of the Abruzzo delivering a C major serenade in the third movement of one of his symphonies, while another of his pieces includes the "Queen Mab Scherzo." A programmatic piece by this composer begins by depicting the title character "in the Mountains," and ends with him joining an (*) "Orgy of the Brigands." Niccolò Paganini refused to premiere that piece because of the lack of virtuosity in its solo viola part. This composer's first symphony ends with a "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath" that depicts unrequited love with a recurring idée fixe melody. For 10 points, name this composer of Harold in Italy and Symphonie fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

In a concert overture by this composer, the English horn quotes a love song from one of his operas, which later gives way to the saltarello rhythm that opened the overture. This composer's Requiem contains a "Lacrymosa" in 9/8 time and sonata form, and also calls for four offstage brass choirs at the four cardinal directions which enter in the "Tuba Mirum". This composer reworked material from his opera (*)) Benvenuto Cellini into the Roman Carnival Overture. Another of his pieces depicts an artist's opium trip and revolves around a recurring idee fixe symbolizing unrequited love. For 10 points, name this French composer who included "March to the Scaffold" and "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath" in his Symphonie fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

Inspired by the poetry of Théophile Gautier [tay-oh-feel goh-tee-ay], this composer wrote a song cycle titled Les nuits d'été [lay nwee det], or Summer Nights. This composer borrowed from his abandoned opera Les francs-juges [lay frahnk zhoog] to compose his Grand Funeral and Triumphal Symphony, which honored people who fought in the July Revolution. Another piece by this composer has a second movement that features harps and depicts a ball. This composer used a cor anglais and an oboe to depict two shepherds in that piece's "Scene in the Fields", while another movement depicts a "March to the Scaffold". Name this French composer who wrote The Damnation of Faust and Symphonie Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

One of this composer's works includes a movement subtitled "Chorus of Souls in Purgatory" in which the chorus only sings the notes A and B-Flat. The fourth movement of another of this composer's works begins with two timpani playing sextuplets. One of this composer's works features ten timpanists and four brass bands in its "Tuba mirum" section. Another of his works has an offstage oboe echo an english horn and uses a recurring idée fixe to represent his love for Harriet Smithson. That symphony by this composer includes movements like "March to the Scaffold." For 10 points, name this French Romantic composer of a huge Requiem and the Symphonie Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

One piece by this composer, who isn't Franz Liszt, includes a Hungarian march that begins with a trumpet fanfare; that march is also called the Rákóczi [Raw-ko-zee] march. Another piece by this composer contains a "Lacrymosa" in 9/8 time and calls for four offstage brass choirs to enter in the "Tuba Mirum." (*) A program symphony by this composer, later transcribed to piano by Liszt, contains five movements, including "A Ball," "Dream of the Night of the Sabbath," and "March to the Scaffold." For 10 points, name this composer of The Damnation of Faust and Symphonie Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

One work by this composer introduces two harp parts in the 3/8 second movement, in which they enter after some string tremolos by playing rising triplet sixteenths on the F major triad. The chorus alternates between A and B flat for much of the "Offertorium" section of this composer's Requiem, which requires northern, eastern, southern, and western (*)) offstage brass bands. Paganini rejected one of this composer's works because it had too many rests in the solo viola part. The third movement of another work begins with a Ranzdes Vaches with an English horn and an offstage oboe doing a call-and-response; that work's first movement, "Reveries - Passions" introduces the idee fixe. For 10 points, name this composer of Harold in Italy and Symphony Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

This composer wrote several cantatas in his attempts to win the Prix de Rome, succeeding on his fourth try. This composer of the overtures "King Lear" and "The Corsaire" set six Théophile Gautier ["TAY-o-feel go-tee-AY"] poems to music in his song cycle Summer Nights. This composer employed four offstage brass choirs in the "Tuba Mirum" section of his massive (*) Requiem. Paganini initially rejected this composer's work for viola and orchestra written for him, Harold in Italy. This composer depicted his love for Harriet Smithson in a symphony ending with a "March to the Scaffold." For 10 points, name this French composer of the Symphonie Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

Alberto Giacometti ("jacque"-a-metty) strides behind one of his Walking Man sculptures in an image by this artist. A man raises his hands while another looks on at a funeral pyre in one work by this artist, who showed the cremated man leaving a shrine alive just days earlier. This artist photographed some of the last imperial eunuchs in China, part of his series about "The Last Days of the Kuomintang." Henri Matisse designed the cover for a book by this artist which has a title that translates to (*) "images on the sly." This photographer, who took photos of India immediately after Gandhi's death, shot a man jumping over a ladder into a puddle in Behind Gare St. Lazare. For 10 points, identify this French photographer who developed the idea of capturing a "decisive moment."

Henri Cartier-Bresson

In one of this man's photographs, a woman carries two bulky bags and flowers behind a girl carrying a black umbrella. Another shows four women wrapped in black, one of whom positions her hands directly below two clouds in the background, which are above the city of Srinagar. One of his books on photography had its cover drawn by Matisse, and his photo "Hyeres" shows a steep staircase with a man in motion on a bicycle in the top left. A more famous work by this author of The Decisive Moment has two repetitions of the word RAILOWSKY in the back left, and a ladder and some stones lying in a puddle, which a man is (*)) skipping over. For 10 points, identify this photographer of "Behind the Gare Saint-Lazare" who pioneered "street photography", a Frenchman.

Henri Cartier-Bresson

In one untitled photo by this photographer, a man in a suit rests his right hand on the back of his hip and looks at a newsstand on the right while sitting on the lap of another man who pulls at the former man's tie with both hands. Four shirtless men look forward while holding or restraining a topless woman with a pained look on her face in one of this photographer's images of a Barong Dance, which appeared in a book written by Antoine Artaud, The Dances of Bali. A large crowd of people intertwined in arms and legs dominates another photo this photographer took of a rush to purchase gold just before the Communist takeover in Shanghai during his time as the Far Eastern bureau chief for Magnum. The word RAILOWSKY appears twice in the background of one image by this photographer, in which a man leaps from a horizontal ladder seemingly into a pool of water. For 10 points, Behind the Gare St. Lazare is a photograph by what photographer, known for developing the idea of the "decisive moment"?

Henri Cartier-Bresson

This man showed a picnic overlooking a river in his Juvisy, France, and he depicted a prostitute with mask-like makeup in his Calle Cuauhtemoctzin [KAH-yeh Kwa-tee-MOWCT-zeen], part of a series set in Mexico City. Two boys stand in front of a graffiti-covered wall in his Andalusia, and he showed the titular artist with pet birds in his Matisse. This artist depicted a mob of Chinese people trying to buy gold before the Japanese invasion as part of his series Last Days of the Kuomintang. One concept introduced by this man in Images a la Sauvette refers to simultaneously recognizing the meaning of an event and the organization of forms used to express it. This man was the first (*)) Western photographer allowed inside the USSR after the death of Stalin, and he photographed Gandhi minutes before he was killed. For ten points, identify this photographer who, along with Robert Capa, founded Magnum Photos and introduced the idea of "the decisive moment."

Henri Cartier-Bresson

One figure crosses a bridge carrying a bundle of sticks and two women walk near a mill in the background of this painting, and a man drives a carriage along a tree-lined path toward a church. At the top right of this work, jagged mountains pierce the overcast sky, and four birds are perched in the silhouetted trees at the left of this work while a lone swallow flies off to the right. A family of peasants tend a fire in the middle ground of this work, to the left of the central group. The background also features townspeople curling and ice-skating. One of the title group carries a small fox with him, while the others trudge over a hill leading a pack of dogs. For 10 points, name this painting of rural life by Pieter Breughel the Elder.

Hunters in the Snow

The left of this painting shows a building with a damaged hanging sign featuring a deer, a haloed man, and the words "this is in the stag." The bottom right shows a woman pulled along on a board toward a double-arched bridge. This painting is the first in a series which also includes paintings like The Gloomy Day and The Return of the Herd. Several black birds can be seen perched among the trees placed in a receding diagonal line through this painting, which also includes a mill with a frozen water wheel and a crowd of people skating in the background. The title group of this painting trudges back to town with their dogs and a dead fox. For 10 points, name this painting of a winter scene by Pieter Bruegel the Elder.

Hunters in the Snow

This architect's buildings in Dallas, Texas, include the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center and that town's city hall, while he also developed a namesake plan to revitalize Oklahoma City. He built the Frangrant Hill Hotel in his native nation, while he incorporated a glass pavilion from which hangs an American flag into his design for the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. For 10 points, name this Chinese-American architect of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame who also designed a glass pyramid for the entrance of the Louvre.

I.M. Pei

This architect, a frequent collaborator with Henry N. Cobb, implemented a free-standing concrete staircase for his Everson Museum of Art. Other museums designed by this man include an H-shaped one located in Washington D.C. and one located on a small island off the coast of Doha, Qatar. In addition to the Museum of Islamic Arts and the East Building of the National Gallery of Art, this architect is also known for a glass structure outside of a French museum. For 10 points, name this man responsible for the Louvre Pyramid, a Chinese-American architect.

I.M. Pei

A ballet by this composer begins in F major with a solo flute oscillating between short A's and long D's, over tremolos in the clarinets and horns. That ballet by this composer uses a recurring motif of the following six notes: C, E, G, F-sharp, A-sharp, and C-sharp, and it opens with a scene in which viewers are entertained by an organ-grinder and a dancing bear portrayed by a tuba. This composer wrote ballets such as (*)) Agon and Les noces [leh nohss] during his serial and neoclassical periods, respectively. In a ballet by this composer, the Moor and the Ballerina are brought to life by the Charlatan. A high-pitched bassoon solo begins another ballet by this composer whose 1913 premiere led to a riot. For 10 points, name this composer of Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

A symphony by this composer unusually emphasizes the third rather than the tonic note in its namesake E-minor chord; that symphony by this composer omits violins, violas, and clarinets and commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. A through-composed ballet by this composer features a Berceuse and a 7/4 finale; that ballet starred (*) Tamara Karsavina at its premiere. During his neoclassical period, this composer wrote Symphony of Psalms. Koschei the Immortal performs the "Infernal Dance" under the influence of the title avian in a ballet by this composer. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Firebird.

Igor Stravinsky

A 2/4 Presto ma non assai theme interrupts the third movement of this composer's second symphony, which starts Allegretto grazioso (quasi andantino). In a symphony by this composer, the cellos play two repetitions of a "slurred dotted eighth sixteenth slurred dotted quarter dotted eighth sixteenth eighth" rhythm to start the third movement's melody. A symphony by this composer is based around a "D C-sharp D" motif introduced in the first movement by the cellos and basses; that motif was first used in a piece he wrote for Bertha Faber's second son. For his F minor third symphony, this composer modified the idea of a friend's "F-A-E" motto to make his own "F A-flat F" motto. This composer's first symphony quotes the "fate motif" of Beethoven. For 10 points, name this composer of a symphony nicknamed "Beethoven's Tenth" who also created a namesake lullaby.

Johannes Brahms

Arnold Schoenberg hailed this composer as a "progressive" in an essay, despite this composer's dismissal of Bruckner's symphonies as "symphonic boa-constrictors." This composer quoted a Bach fugue in his first cello sonata, and wrote a B-minor clarinet quintet for Richard Mühlfield. This composer of several intermezzi for piano wrote a fourth symphony ending with an E-minor passacaglia. This man used (*) Haydn's "St. Anthony Chorale" for a set of variations, and his first symphony was dubbed "Beethoven's Tenth" at its premiere. For 10 points, name this composer who also wrote the German Requiem and a famous lullaby.

Johannes Brahms

He's not Charles Ives, but this composer quoted Beethoven's "fate" motif in both the first and fourth movements of his Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor. A Ballade ("buh-LAHD"), a Romanze ("roh-MAHN-tzuh"), a popular Intermezzo in A major, and three other intermezzi ("in-ter-MET-see") comprise this composer's Six Pieces for Piano, Opus 118. Ignaz Pleyel ("EEG-knots PLAY-ul") probably wrote the "St. Antoni Chorale" that this composer used as the basis of his Variations on a Theme by (*) Haydn. The lyrics "Guten Abend, Gut nacht" ("GOO-ten AH-bund goot NAKT") begin this man's Opus 49, No. 4 piece for piano and voice, which begins with the notes (read slowly) "short G, short G, long B-flat." Throughout his adult life, this man was in unrequited love with pianist Clara Schumann. For 10 points, name this composer of A German Requiem and a namesake "lullaby."

Johannes Brahms

In one of this composer's piano sonatas, a poem attributed to Sternau prefaces the second movement, whose main theme is transformed into a solemn B-flat minor in the "Rückblick" fourth movement. One of this composer's chamber pieces begins with the two violins playing a 6/8 time melody that ambiguously hovers between D major and B minor. He is not Haydn, but a "Rondo alla Zingarese" ends his Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor. This composer's piano quintet begins with first violin, cello, and piano playing a unison theme in (*)) F minor, the home key, and was reworked first from a string quintet, and then from a double piano sonata. In the last years of his life, this composer wrote two clarinet sonatas, a clarinet trio, and a B minor clarinet quintet. One of his piano pieces, the fifth in a collection, is in F-sharp minor and based on the czardas dance of the title country. For 10 points, name this composer of the Hungarian Dances and a namesake "Cradle Song," or lullaby.

Johannes Brahms

This composer's Liebeslieder Waltzes are a collection of love songs in the Ländler [Lend-ler] style for vocals and four hands piano based on Georg Friedrich Daumer's Polydora. Robert Schumann praised this composer in "New Paths," and he worked with both this composer and Albert Dietrich to write the F-A-E Sonata for Joseph Joachim [Wah-keem]. (*) As a balance to this composer's more cheerful piece that he wrote for the University of Breslau, he wrote his Tragic Overture. That more cheerful piece was his Academic Festival Overture. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote the Hungarian Dances and A German Requiem.

Johannes Brahms

This composer's first piano concerto originated as a sonata for two pianos, then became a symphony before taking final form. A series of descending thirds in E minor opens a symphony by this composer that was cited by Arnold Schoenberg as an example of why he was a "Progressive." This composer's "F A-flat F" motif referred to him being (*) "free, but happy." Unusually, this 19th-century composer ended his last symphony in E minor with a passacaglia based on a Bach chaconne [shuh-CON]. Hans von Bülow called this composer's first symphony "Beethoven's 10th." For 10 points, name this German composer of four symphonies, the Academic Festival Overture, and a famous Lullaby.

Johannes Brahms

A specially-designed organ was constructed in St. Burchardi Church to play a piece by this man not scheduled to finish until the year 2640. He used the I Ching text for many of his aleatoric works and pioneered a technique of placing objects such as screws and cutlery on a piano's strings to change the timbre ("TAM-ber"), called the prepared piano. This composer of Number Pieces scored a work in proportional notation using only vertical lines. That piece's three movements direct the audience towards surrounding ambient sound by instructing the performer to produce no sound. For 10 points, name this experimental American composer of 4'33" ("four minutes and thirty three seconds").

John Cage

One of this composer's works was inspired by James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and is titled The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs. He wrote the music for Syvilla Fort's dance piece Bacchanale. This man collaborated with Lejaren Hiller to write HPSCHD ("Harpsichord"). This composer used the I Ching to create a piece titled Music of Changes. He claimed it was possible to give "a single pianist the equivalent of an entire percussion orchestra" when he coined the term prepared piano. This composer of the Imaginary Landscape series had his most famous work premiered by David Tudor, who opened the keyboard lid of his piano to mark the end of the first movement. For 10 points, name this American composer whose 4'33'' features the performer not playing anything.

John Cage

Some earlier works by this composer include The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs and Sonatas and Interludes. In various works by this composer, performers are asked to play the cactus and water-filled conch shells. This composer often used the I Ching as his main compositional tool. In Imaginary Landscape No. 4, this composer used 12 radio receivers as instruments, and one of his innovations was the "prepared piano." For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of a piece entirely devoid of notes, 4'33".

John Cage

This composer collaborated with Lejaren Hiller on a multimedia work for harpsichord. This composer wrote a series of Number Pieces named for the number of performers involved. One performance of a work by this composer will be finally completed in 2640. David Tudor premiered a work by this composer of As Slow as Possible that was divined using the I Ching. This man's Sonatas and Interludes involve the use of rubber bands and screws to (*) "prepare" a piano, while 12 radios are used in his Imaginary Landscape No. 4. For 10 points, name this American composer of a work in which a pianist sits in silence for the title duration of 4 Minutes, 33 Seconds.

John Cage

This composer collaborated with Lejaren Hiller on a work for harpsichord. One of his solo piano compositions is based on Erik Satie's Socrate. Betty Freeman is the dedicatee of a set of extremely difficult etudes by this composer, who also composed the Etudes Boreales and Etudes Australes. This frequent collaborator of Merce Cunningham wrote a work which is currently being performed on an organ in St. Burchardi Church, and will be completed in the year 2640. This composer of As Slow As Possible also wrote a collection of twenty pieces called Sonatas and Interludes, which, like many of his works, are for prepared piano. He is best known for a piece which instructs the performer to do nothing for the title amount of time. For 10 points, name this avant-garde American composer of 4'33".

John Cage

This composer used rhythmic units of fifteen bars in a piece for either solo piano or solo harp, titled In a Landscape. A piano collection by this composer intersperses four freeform interludes between sixteen sonatas, mostly in binary form. In the 1950s, he and Morton Feldman led the New York School of composers. David Tudor premiered an indeterminate piece by this composer written by consulting the (*)) I Ching. Taking from his teacher Henry Cowell, this composer placed screws, rubber bands, and other stray objects in between the strings of a piano in order to "prepare" it. One of his pieces aims to emphasize the ambient sounds surrounding the listener by having the performer be completely silent throughout. For 10 points, name this composer of 4'33" ["four minutes, thirty-three seconds"].

John Cage

This composer's early works often employed what he would later call the "gamut technique," in which he limited himself to a predetermined collection of fixed sonorities, such as in the String Quartet in Four Parts. He wrote a set of twenty pieces that depicted the eight "permanent emotions" of the aesthetic of rasa. When describing the experience that inspired his most famous composition, he wrote that he heard a high sound and a low sound: his nervous system and the circulation of his blood. That experience was a visit to an anechoic chamber at Harvard University, which convinced this composer of the Sonatas and Interludes for prepared piano of the impossibility of silence. For 10 points, identify this American avant-garde composer of 4'33".

John Cage

A character in one of this man's operas sings a lullaby that describes how the "lightning flashes" and the "thunder crashes" after noting "the cloud-flower blossoms". Marvin Cohen's criticism caused this composer to add phrasing involving the words "we believed" to the opening chorus of an opera featuring the Tewa (TAY-wah) housemaid Pasqualita. The title character of another of his operas sings "News has a kind of mystery" after the Spirit of (*) '76 lands. Peter Sellars wrote the libretto for an opera by this man in which quotes from the Bhagavad Gita and the aria "Batter my heart, three person'd God" are sung by Robert Oppenheimer. The protagonists of another of his operas watch The Red Detachment of Women with Mao Zedong. For 10 points, name this composer of Doctor Atomic and Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

A composer with this name wrote a drum-kit opera called Ilimaq and a string quartet containing the sections "Above Sunset Pass" and "Looking Toward Hope" called The Wind in High Places. That composer with this name won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize in Music for his one-movement piece Become Ocean. Another composer with this name wrote a "memory space" for orchestra, children's choir, and a tape that reads the names of deceased people. That composer with this name wrote an opera whose aria "News Has a Kind of Mystery" is sung after a jet lands in Beijing, and Chairman Mao dances the foxtrot in its last act. For 10 points, give this name shared by an Alaskan composer and the composer of On the Transmigration of Souls and Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

A piece for chorus and orchestra by this composer sets Dickinson's "Wild Nights" and "Because I could not stop for Death" to music. A string septet by this composer contains the movement "Hymning Slews" and was inspired by a religious sect. A piece commissioned for the Great Woods Festival in Pittsburgh contains a (*) woodblock ostinato throughout and is a "fanfare for orchestra" like this man's earlier Tromba Lontana. This composer of the minimalist piece Shaker Loops used a chorus to sing the names of missing people in a tribute to the victims of 9/11. For 10 points, name this composer of Harmonium, Short Ride in a Fast Machine, and On the Transmigration of Souls.

John Coolidge Adams

In one of this composer's operas, Kumudha becomes stuck in half-tree, half-human form. This composer of A Flowering Tree opened an opera by stating "Matter can be neither created nor destroyed," and another of his operas has been called anti-Semitic for portraying the seizing of the Achille Lauro. This composer of (*) The Death of Klinghoffer and Doctor Atomic wrote an opera in which the title character flies in the Spirit of '76 and listens to a woman sing "I am the Wife of Mao Tse-tung." For 10 points, name this minimalist composer who described a U.S. president's visit abroad in his opera Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

In one of this composer's operas, the second act begins with the "Hagar Chorus"; that opera by this non-Satie composer includes the "Aria of the Falling Body (Gymnopédie)." Another opera by this composer begins with the chorus "We believed that matter can be neither created nor destroyed but only altered in form." In Act II of another of his operas, the title character and his wife watch the ballet The Red Detachment of Women; after the ballet, a coloratura soprano angrily shrieks "I am the wife of Mao Tse-Tung" at the title character. For 10 points, name this American composer of The Death of Klinghoffer, Doctor Atomic, and Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

This composer wrote a work with movements titled "Concord," "The Lake," and "The Mountain," the inaccurately titled My Father Knew Charles Ives. He wrote an unusually quiet fanfare for two offstage trumpets. Another composition by this composer contains the movements "Meister Eckhardt and Quackie" and "The Anfortas Wound," and takes its title from a book by Schoenberg. Another fanfare by this composer begins with a wood block marking the beat. This composer of Tromba Lontana and Harmonielehre wrote a "memory space" beginning with the repeated word "missing." That work, commissioned after the 9/11 attacks, is On the Transmigration of Souls. For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Short Ride in a Fast Machine and operas like Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

This composer's father's battle with Alzheimer's inspired his piece for clarinet and chamber orchestra that includes a mooing cow. This composer included the movement "Meister Eckhardt and Quackie" in a piece named after an Arnold Schoenberg theory text. He wrote a "rhythmically dissonant" fanfare for the Great Woods Festival that opens with a woodblock pulse. This composer of Gnarly Buttons, Harmonielehre, and Short Ride in a Fast Machine made an outtake from his first opera into a "foxtrot for orchestra" that depicts Mao Tse-Tung descending from a portrait on the wall to dance with his wife. For 10 points, name this composer who adapted The Chairman Dances from his opera Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

In Act IV of this opera, one character sings the aria "Vecchia Zamarra" while agreeing to pawn a prized overcoat. In Act II, one character sings "Quando m'en vo" in which she complains about her shoes, and orders Alcindoro to find a new pair. In the duet "Sono Andati?" two characters recount a scene from Act I, where one character sings the aria "Che Gelinda Manina" as he searches for another character's keys. It is based on a work by Henri Murger, though another opera by this name was written by Leoncavallo. Featuring a relationship between Musetta and Marcello, For 10 points, identify this Giacomo Puccini opera about Rodolfo's love for Mimi, who dies from tuberculosis.

La Boheme

In this opera's aria "Vecchia Zimara," Colline sings about his sorrow for selling his coat, and in "Che Gelida Manina" the tenor says he will help the soprano who cames to his apartment to find a light for her candle. Alcindoro is left with the bill at Cafe Momus after the mezzo-soprano sings the aria "Quando M'en Vo" where she regains the affections of Marcello, and later Musetta sells her earrings to buy medicine to help a character dying of tuberculosis in Latin Quarter. Ending with Mimi dying in the hands of Rodolfo, for 10 points, name this opera by Puccini.

La Boheme

One character in this opera jokes that the sea will be cold in his painting of The Passage of the Red Sea, and another sends her patron off on the pretext of buying new shoes so that she can embrace her lover. The aria Che gelida manina is sung out of worry for one character's cold hands, and at the end of the opera, (*) Colline sells his overcoat to buy food. The waltz Quando me is sung to tempt a former paramour by Musetta, and this opera also sees a poet buy a pink bonnet for his dying lover. The opera opens with Marcello lamenting his poverty along with the lover of a woman dying of tuberculosis, Rodolfo. For 10 points, name this opera about the doomed seamstress Mimi by Puccini.

La Boheme

Two characters in this opera realize they have fallen in love in the aria "O soave fanciulla," and after a pairof candles go out "Che gelida manina" is sung. The landlord Benoit fails in an attempt to collect rent. Later, a character sings the saucy "Quand me'n vo" to embarrass her rich old admirer Alcindoro and seduce her former lover Marcello. That character, Musetta, goes along with Marcello to buy medicine for a woman who loves Rodolfo. Mimi dies of consumption at the end of this work that takes place in the Latin Quarter of Paris. For 10 points, identify this opera named after a group of poor artists, written by Giacomo Puccini, that is also the basis for the musical Rent.

La Boheme

This man collaborated with the Greek composer Iannis Xenakis to construct a Dominican monastery at Sainte Marie de la Tourette. Harvard's Carpenter Center is the only example of this man's work in the United States. This man created the (*) Open Hand Monument in Chandigarh, India. Functional roofs, a lack of load-bearing walls, and pilotis are among this man's "five points of architecture," which can be seen in a house he designed in the Paris suburbs supported by 16 thin white beams. For 10 points, name this pseudonymous Swiss-French architect who wrote Towards a New Architecture and designed the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier

This man employed Amancio Williams to oversee the construction of a dwelling, he designed in La Plata, Argentina called the Curutchet House. His furniture designs include a pair of cube-shaped armchairs referred to as "cushion baskets" or "Grand Confort". He employed a recurring motif of a birdlike "open hand" that famously appears in the form of many statues in a city for which he designed the Punjab and Haryana High Court building. This designer of the city of (*) Chandigarh developed a philosophy involving the use of a free floor plan, a functional roof, and pilotis for support. He developed that theory, the "five points of architecture", in his book Towards a New Architecture. For 10 points, name this International Style architect of the Notre Dame du Haut and the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier

A mezzo-soprano solo quoting the Book of Lamentation follows the "Profanation" movement in this composer's Bible-inspired first symphony. A Hebrew setting of the Psalms by this composer is titled for Chichester Cathedral. The soprano aria "Glitter and Be Gay" is often excerpted from this composer's operetta (*) Candide. After leaving the "Dance at the Gym," Tony sings that he "just met a girl named Maria" in a musical by this composer about a conflict between the Jets and the Sharks. For 10 points, name this longtime conductor of the New York Philharmonic who composed the music for West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

A work by this composer was the basis for Symphonic Dances orchestrated by Irwin Kostal and Sid Ramin including "Mambo" and "Cha-Cha". In one of his works, one singer depicts both Julia Grant and Lucy Hayes after the election of 1876 in "Duet for One". Hildy the taxi driver sings "I Can Cook Too" in a work by him in which three sailors on shore leave sing "New York, New York". The Old Lady sings "I Am Easily Assimilated" in a work by him that includes "Glitter and Be Gay". This composer of 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and On the Town wrote the music for a work in which a character suggests that "Miss America should just resign" in "I Am Pretty", while Tony claims there's "music playing" if you say her name loud in the song "Maria". That musical depicts the gang rivalry between the Sharks and the Jets. For 10 points, name this composer of Candide and West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

One work by this composer sees Gabey pursue "Miss Turnstiles" along with Ozzie and Chip. Another work by this composer starts with a guitar-playing Celebrant singing "A Simple Song." This composer of On the Town and MASS wrote the songs "Glitter and Be Gay" and "Make Our Garden Grow" for his operetta(*) Candide, and hosted a popular series of "Young People's Concerts" as conductor of the New York Philharmonic. This composer wrote a musical which includes the songs "A Boy Like That" and "I Feel Pretty." For 10 points, name this American conductor and composer of West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

Religious-inspired works by this man include his Jeremiah Symphony and Chichester Psalms. This man's compositions include the scores for the ballets Facsimile and Fancy Free, and he composed the music for the film On the Waterfront. The first American to conduct at Milan's La Scala opera house, this man conducted the New York Philharmonic from 1958 to 1969. For 10 points, name this American conductor and composer of Westside Story.

Leonard Bernstein

This composer wrote a symphony that can now only officially be performed with special narration written by Samuel Pisar. A choral piece by this man includes a part for boy treble or countertenor, which is meant to evoke the child David. Before a 1962 performance of Brahms's first piano concerto with Glenn Gould, this man asked, "Who is the boss—the soloist or the conductor?" He wrote his third symphony in honor of the recently murdered John F. Kennedy, but it was later revised with new narration about the Holocaust. This composer of the Kaddish Symphony staged a popular series of "Young People's Concerts" where he explained musical terms. For 10 points, name this longtime director of the New York Philharmonic and composer of West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

The artist of this work said it was an "exorcism painting" in which he obliterated all lessons of the past. Its creator was inspired to paint it after seeing an ethnological exhibition at the Trocadero Palace. Its artist's previous work Two Nudes is incorporated into this painting, which is a response to Matisse's The Joy of Life. Eyes in this painting gaze (*)) directly at the viewer, although all of its subjects' noses are presented in profile. A blue curtain with hard, white edges surrounds its central figure. A triangular table with some fruit on it rests at the bottom center of this painting, which depicts two women who assume Venus-like poses and another with a face inspired by African masks. For 10 points, name this painting by Pablo Picasso.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

In this novel, Sister Simplice lies for the first time in her life to protect the protagonist. Its other characters include Azelma, who cuts her hand by breaking a window to make her house look poorer. In this novel, the elderly man Champ Mathieu is arrested for stealing apples, and is falsely accused of taking money from Little Gervaise eight years before. Its character Father Fauchelevent becomes a gardener at a convent after being rescued from under a (*)) carriage by a man with immense strength .One character in this novel is disinherited by his grandfather Monsieur Gillenormand and has his life saved by Eponine, the daughter of the villainous Thenardiers. The protagonist of this novel becomes Father Madeleine and adopts Fantine's daughter Cosette. For 10 points, name this novel in which Javert hunts Jean Valjean, a novel by Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

One character in this work, Petit Gervais, runs away after the protagonist refuses to give back his coin. Monsieur Gillenormand is unwittingly used in a ploy by one character to gain child support, and this novel includes a group called The Friends of the ABC, who are lead by Enjolras. Eponine takes a bullet for one character, who had earlier lived next to the Thenardiers. Marius falls in love with Cosette, the adopted daughter of the central character, an ex-convict hounded by Javert. For 10 points, name this novel about Jean Valjean, the best known work of Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

This man designed a building at the Illinois Institute of Technology, the S. R. Crown Hall. A pair of this man's works generated controversy due to their non-functional mullions. This architect of the Lake Shore Drive Towers also designed an iconic chair for his Barcelona Pavilion at the 1929 International Exhibition. Another one of his works rests on 5-foot stilts and features walls comprised almost entirely of glass. This architect of the Farnsworth House designed a building containing the Fours Seasons restaurant in his characteristic International Style, the Seagram Building. For 10 points, name this last director of the Bauhaus school, known for epigrams such as "less is more."

Lies Mier van der Rohe

This man produced the bronze Shrine of St. Zenobius, which contains such scenes as The Miracle of the Strozzi Boy and The Miracle of the Servant. This man received much support from the Calimala guild, and he produced monumental statues of Saint John the Baptist and St. Matthew for the Orsanmichele. This man created a scene depicting the sacrifice of Isaac for his most famous work, and beat Jacopo della Quercia and Filippo Brunelleschi in a competition to win the commission to build that work. For 10 points, identify this Renaissance artist who produced the eastern doors to the Florence baptistery, which are known today as the "Gates of Paradise"

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Late in life, this architect designed the Purdue State Bank and National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna, two of several banks that became known as his jewel boxes. This architect also designed a bronze-gated tomb at Graceland Cemetery that houses Carrie Eliza Getty. Now the namesake of the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building he designed in 1899, most of this architect's major works were done in partnership with a German-born architect, including the cur- rent home of Chicago's Roosevelt University, the Auditorium Building. This architect loaned money for the purchase of a first house by Frank Lloyd Wright, who considered him a mentor. Name this architect whose partnership with Dankmar Adler included the design for a ten-story building in St. Louis, the Wainwright Building.

Louis Sullivan

One of this man's buildings has Dutch blue tile panels in honor of the commissioner's heritage. This man's Van Allen building is located in the same city as his People's Savings Bank. One of this man's buildings, now called the Prudential Building, is located in Buffalo, New York, and is considered to be the twin of his most famous work. That work, a collaboration with [*] Dankmar Adler, was one of the first skyscrapers and followed this architect's creed "Form follows function." For 10 points, name this architect who tutored Frank Lloyd Wright and designed the Wainwright Building.

Louis Sullivan

Photographer and preservationist Richard Nickel was killed when one of this man's buildings collapsed on him. This man undertook one of his most notable commissions on the behest of a millionaire who would be indicted in the Suburban Railway "boodle" scandal. He designed the tomb for the wife of lumber baron Henry Harrison Getty. This man's "Jewel Boxes" are a series of banks he designed for cities like Owatonna and Cedar Rapids. This designer of the Guaranty Building in Buffalo also planned the Carson Pirie Scott store in Chicago, which now bears his name. His most famous structure is named for a brewer, was designed with Dankmar Adler, and is a red brick office building in downtown St. Louis. For 10 points, name this designer of the Wainwright Building, who coined the phrase "form follows function."

Louis Sullivan

This architect briefly worked for Frank Furness, who was a large influence on him. Ayn Rand was an admirer of his autobiography, The Autobiography of an Idea. Late in life, he was commissioned to design a number of banks in the Midwest, which are known as his "jewel boxes." His only work in New York City is the Bayard-Condict Building. A building he designed with his partner in Buffalo is clearly divided into areas for offices, public use, and other functions. This coiner of the phrase "form follows function" designed many of his buildings in partnership with Dankmar Adler, including Chicago's Auditorium Building and a redbrick skyscraper in St. Louis. For 10 points, name this "father of skyscrapers" who designed the Guaranty Building and the Wainwright Building.

Louis Sullivan

This architect designed a synagogue called the K.A.M. Isaiah Israel Temple, which was later converted into the birthplace of gospel music, the Pilgrim Baptist Church. Roosevelt University is currently housed in a building this man designed that served as the first home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. This architect of the Auditorium Building designed the Transportation Building, the largest structure of the White City at the Columbian Exposition. Frank Lloyd Wright spent five years in the firm this man owned with Dankmar Adler. For 10 points, name this Chicago architect who designed the Wainwright building and coined the phrase "form follows function."

Louis Sullivan

Hector Lefuel redesigned this building's Flower Pavillion with 86 statues of illustrious men. Claude Perrault designed a Collonade for the eastern facade of this complex. A helical staircase used to enter this building curves around an elevator. The Daru Staircase in this building, which lies between two wings designed by Sully and Denon, is topped by a (*) headless marble statue. A mall in front of it has an inverted pyramid that functions as a skylight. Jean-Francois Champollion brought the Rosetta Stone to this building. A glass pyramid designed by I.M. Pei is its entrance. For 10 points, name this palace and huge art museum in Paris.

Louvre

This institution is constructing a satellite museum, with a webbed dome roof, in Abu Dhabi. This museum is home to the Code of Hammurabi, and sculptures found in this museum include the Apollo Belvedere and Michelangelo's Dying Slave. It is found west of the Tuileries. Gardens, and was opened to the public in 1793. It was renovated in the 1980s to include an expanded entrance through a skylit underground lobby designed by I.M. Pei. For 10 points, name this Parisian art museum which features the Mona Lisa and a glass pyramid.

Louvre

This museum holds the law code of Hammurabi, and its Daru staircase is home to the Winged Victory of Samothrace. This museum's court is dominated by a (*)) glass pyramid designed by I.M. Pei. Millions of visitors annually view a portrait of the smiling Lisa Gherardini in, for ten points, what Parisian museum that hosts Liberty Leading the People and the Mona Lisa?

Louvre

This work includes the aria "Un bel di," describing a beautiful day when a ship will arrive with the singer's husband after three years away. Unfortunately, the consul Sharpless informs the title character that her husband has married Kate, an American woman. Lieutenant (*)) Pinkerton abandons the title character of, for10 points, what Giacomo Puccini opera about Cio-Cio San, a Japanese woman known by an insect nickname?

Madama Butterfly

To create one portrait, this artist flipped and superimposed the negative of a photo onto the positive image of a woman pushing her hands onto cracked glass. This photographer placed circular glass beads on a fashion mannequin's upturned face for another photo. In an image by this artist, a woman lays her white head on a table, which contrasts with a black African mask she holds. This artist of Glass Tears used a slinky in his best-known photogram; he used his name with the suffix "ograph" to name those photograms. His photographic subjects included the mononymous Kiki, Dora Maar, Peggy Guggenheim, and another artist's alter-ego Rrose Selavy. For 10 points, name this photographer of Le violon d'Ingres and images of a cross-dressing Marcel Duchamp, his fellow Dadaist.

Man Ray

This composer said he wrote "one bar at a time" for the Adagio assai movement for a jazz-influenced concerto in G. He called for the now-obscure luthéal piano attachment in a rhapsody written for the violinist Jelly d'Arányi. A solo originally written for valveless horn opens an extremely slow piece dedicated to the Princesse de Polignac by this composer. A sopranino (*) saxophone features in a piece by this composer inspired by Ida Rubinstein's commission to produce a ballet based on Albéniz's Iberia. In that piece by this composer of Tzigane and Pavane for a Dead Princess, instruments take turns carrying the melody over a snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this composer of Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

Jesus is missing a leg in a sculpture by this artist that is sometimes called the "Florentine" version of a certain scene. A figure in a sculpture by this man had its nose broken off when a viewer attacked it in 1972. Because a sculpture by this artist was originally intended for the roof of the Florence Duomo, its head and hands are oversized to be made visible. This man's unfinished sculptures of Rebellious and Dying Slaves were meant to be placed to the sides of a work that features a horned statue of Moses, the tomb of Julius II. For 10 points, name this Italian sculptor of the Pietà and a marble David and painter of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling.

Michelangelo

One painting in this museum depicting the artist's son and daughter sitting on a long divan, titled The Painter's Children in the Japanese Room, is by Fortuny. Richard Hamilton produced an etching version of one of this museum's masterpieces, depicting (*) Picasso in place of the work's artist with a hammer and sickle on his chest rather than the cross of St. James. Other paintings in this Spanish museum include Hieronymus Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights. For 10 points, name this museum, home to Velazquez's The Surrender of Breda and Goya's The 3rd of May 1808, located in Madrid.

Museo del Prado

Thomas Struth ("shtroot") photographed a group of schoolgirls at this museum sketching a painting from its collection. In 2015, this museum created 3D copies of six of its pieces, including The Nobleman with a Hand on His Chest, for an exhibit for the blind titled "Touching [this museum]." Its first solo exhibition of a female artist was a 2016 showing of the seventeenth-century painter Clara Peeters. In 2009, it partnered with Google Earth to produce fourteen-thousand-megapixel digitization of pieces like Rubens's The Three Graces. The Baron d'Erlanger donated a series of paintings to this museum. After Picasso's Guernica left the MoMA, it was housed here until it was transferred in 1991 to a nearby museum next to the (*) Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum. In 1879, John Singer Sargent visited this museum and copied one of its paintings in preparation for painting The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit. This museum houses Van der Weyden's ("VY-dun's") Deposition and Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights. For 10 points, name this museum home to Goya's Black Paintings and Velázquez's Las Meninas, located in Madrid.

Museo del Prado

A Broadway revival of this show began at the Lincoln Center Theater in 2018. The conclusion of this work occurs when one character asks, "Where the devil are my slippers?" This Lerner and Loewe musical opens on the Royal Opera House, introducing the lead characters and Colonel (*) Pickering. One character from this musical, Freddy Eynsford-Hill, sings of his joy of being "On the Street Where You Live." In this musical, one character wishes she could have "Danced All Night" with Henry Higgins. Centering on Eliza Doolittle, for 10 points, name this musical based on George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion

My Fair Lady

A parody of this painting features pop-culture icons like Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley sitting in place of its original subjects. The right-hand side of this painting is entirely closed off by large glass windows. The rightmost figure in this painting is a man in white who stoops down with a pained expression. According to the artist's wife Jo, this painting's name comes from the (*) beak-like nose of a man in it, who holds a cigarette and sits next to a woman in red. In this painting, an ad for 5-cent Phillies Cigars can be seen above three restaurant patrons who seemingly fail to acknowledge each others' presence. For 10 points, name this painting of a diner by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

A parody of this work by Banksy features a shirtless hooligan wearing Union Jack boxers who may have broken a window with some patio chairs. The right side of this painting includes a dull yellow ochre door and a mullion that partially blocks the view of one of the two coffee urns. Painted in 1942, this work includes an employee wearing a white uniform and a woman wearing a red dress. A sign above the central establishment in this painting advertises five cent cigars. For 10 points, name this Edward Hopper painting that depicts three customers at a diner.

Nighthawks

In one parody of this artwork, the central scene is replaced with a cascade of commuters in the subway during rush hour. The magazine American Art News offered a ten-dollar prize for anyone who could find the subject of this work, and this work was inspired by the work of Eadweard Muybridge ("edward MY-bridge") on stop-motion photography. The New York Times art critic Julian Street likened this painting to an (*) "explosion in a shingle factory." In this painting, an assortment of conical and cylindrical shapes depicts the motion of a naked woman performing the title action. For 10 points, name this painting by a French Dada artist, Marcel Duchamp.

Nude Descending a Student

This painting's subject matter is treated in the photorealist, blurry painting Ema by Gerhard Richter. This painting is inferior from the "standpoint of decorative value, of sincerity, and of artistic merit" to the "Navajo rug" in the author's bathroom according to the essay "A Layman's View of an Art Exhibition." Despite the pleas of his brothers, the artist refused to change its "literary" title to get Gleizes ["glez"] and Metzinger to display it at the Salon des Indépendants. A photo sequence from (*) Muybridge's book Animal Locomotion likely inspired this painting, which Julian Street compared to an "Explosion in a shingle factory." Many viewers of this painting at the 1913 Armory Show could not see the title figure amid the brown shapes and motion lines it depicts. For 10 points, name this Marcel Duchamp painting of a naked person.

Nude Descending a Student

This work may have been inspired by an 1887 work titled Animal Locomotion as well as works done by Etienne-Jules Marey. It was shown at an event that included Picabia's Dances at the Spring and the artist of this work also submitted Portrait of Chess Players. One critic dubbed it "Explosion in a Shingle Factory" and the American Art News offered a reward for anyone who could "find the lady". The work shows about twenty different images of the lady performing the titular action, similar to stroboscopic photography. FTP, name this piece that caused a scandal at the 1913 Armory Show, a work by Marcel Duchamp.

Nude Descending a Student

The presence of one character in this work is always announced by her obnoxious laugh, and that character ends up marrying a Persian peddler. After purchasing a "potion" from Ali Hakim, the female protagonist falls asleep and enters a dream ballet sequence in which her beloved is killed by Jud. The male lead sings the unaccompanied first lines of this musical's opening number from offstage while Aunt Eller churns butter. That song is "Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin,'" after which the farm girl Laurey is invited to a box social by Curly. For 10 points, name this musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein and set in the title American territory.

Oklahoma!

This composer's second violin concerto is subtitled "The American Four Seasons" and was premiered in Toronto with Robert McDuffie as soloist. His sixth symphony is based on a poem by Allen Ginsberg, and is known as his Plutonian Ode. This man's Low Symphony and Heroes Symphony are based on David Bowie albums. He composed an opera based on the life of Gandhi and another that consists of "knee plays." For 10 points, name this American minimalist whose "Portrait Trilogy" of operas includes Satyagraha and Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

A Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart piece in this genre suddenly interrupts the rondo finale with songlikeminuet in the subdominant key of A-flat major. Mozart also wrote an A major piece in this genre whose second-movement Adagio in F-sharp minor is the only movement that Mozart ever wrote in that key. Mozart's C major twenty-first piece in this genre includes an F major Andante used prominently in the film (*)) Elvira Madigan. A piece in this genre by Beethoven opens with three tutti chords from the orchestra, each followed by a brief cadenza from the soloist. That piece in E-flat major is his fifth and final piece is this genre, nicknamed Emperor. For 10 points, name these pieces for a keyboard soloist with orchestral accompaniment.

Piano Concertos

Haydn's final numbered composition of this type opens with rolled chords in a dotted rhythm followed by descending passages in double thirds. That piece of this type features a second movement surprisingly in E major after a first movement in E-flat major. Pieces of this type comprise the bulk of the output of Muzio Clementi, who wrote over a hundred and established the genre in the Classical era. Mozart's compositions of this type include his K.545, which is his sixteenth in C major, labeled "semplice" or "for beginners," and his eleventh in A major, which concludes with the famous rondo "Alla Turca." For 10 points, name this genre of usually three-movement pieces for a solo keyboard instrument.

Piano Sonatas

A recurring theme in this work's second movement begins D, down to F-sharp, up to B, down to A in a long-short-short-long rhythm. Mariss Jansons and the Oslo Philharmonic first catapulted to fame with a 1992 recording of this work. The Allegro anima main section of this work's first movement begins with strings alternating root-position tonic and subdominant chords in a minor key before the first clarinet and bassoon introduce the jaunty 6/8 main theme in octaves. The main melody of its second movement is a French horn solo in D major and 12/8 time marked Andante cantabile, con (*)) alcuna licenza. This symphony's slow introduction begins with a long, low melody for solo clarinet, which returns in the parallel key of E major to open the finale. It replaces the third-movement scherzo with a waltz in A major, in the normative time signature of 3/4, unlike the "limping" waltz of its successor. For 10 points, name this symphony that precedes a certain Russian composer's Pathétique.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

This composer wrote an opera based on a Henrik Hertz play named Iolanta. Another of his operas features a "Letter aria" and centers on the daughters of Madame Larina. His final completed symphony references the Orthodox requiem and includes a limping waltz in 5/4. A more famous composition by this composer of Symphony (*) Pathetique ends with the hymn "God Save the Tsar" after suppressing the anthem "La Marseillaise," which represents Napoleon's attack on Russia. For ten points, name this Russian composer who showed the death of Lensky in his opera Eugene Onegin and used cannon fire in his 1812 Overture.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

This composer wrote an overture based on the tune of King Christian stood by the lofty mast. This composer began one of his symphonies with the bassoons and french horns playing the note A-flat in a long, triplet short, triplet long pattern. A bassoon solo in a symphony by this composer starts by repeating this rhythm three times: two eighth notes, quarter note, half note. This composer wrote a programmatic work for a benefit concert to help those wounded in the (*) Serbian-Ottoman War. This composer used a Byron poem as the basis for an unnumbered symphony, and included a "limping waltz" in another. This composer incorporated intertwining melodies of La Marseillaise and God Save the Tsar at the end of one of his works. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Pathetique Symphony and the 1812 overture.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

This man include a second movement Canzonetta in his Violin Concerto, which the critic Eduard Hanslick called a composition "whose stink one can hear." In the third movement of this man's fourth symphony, all the strings only play pizzicato. This composer's last symphony contains a bassoon passage marked pppppp in the first movement and a waltz in 5/4 time in the second movement. This composer of the Pathetique Symphony wrote the music to a ballet in which Odette is turned into the titular bird. For 10 points, name this Russian composer who used a celesta in "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy," which appears in the ballet The Nutcracker.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

One of this composer's pieces consists of six movements, each named after a verse from the Song of Solomon. This composer of Flos Campi included "Song of the Exposition" as the first movement to a work based on Leaves of Grass. Another of his symphonies incorporates music from a movie featuring Robert Scott's expedition. A (*) George Meredith poem inspired a work by this composer that uses ascending scales to depict the action of the title bird. This composer of A Sea Symphony named another piece after the composer of Spem in alium. For ten points, name this English composer of Sinfonia Antarctica, The Lark Ascending, and Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

The characteristic finale of a symphony by this composer moves through five other sections before an epilogue inspired by the novel Tono-Bungay. The finale of a symphony by this composer is the 30-minute-long movement "The Explorers," which follows a chorus's depiction of ocean waves. His second symphony contains quotations of the Westminster Chimes, while his first sets such Walt Whitman poems as "After the Sea-Ship." This composer based another piece on an earlier composer's "Why Fum'th ("FYOO-mith") in Fight." He wrote A Sea Symphony, A London Symphony, and Fantasia on Greensleeves. For 10 points, name this composer of Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis and The Lark Ascending.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This composer wrote an important F minor concerto for tuba. He wrote an overture where trills represent the title animals, part of his incidental music to The Wasps. This composer adapted his own film score to Scott of the Antarctic for his seventh symphony. He also wrote symphonies named for a sea, and for (*) London. This composer used the song "Why Fum'eth in Fight" for a string orchestra fantasia on the music of the composer of Spem in alium. He also wrote a fantasia on the folksong "Greensleeves." For 10 points, name this English composer of The Lark Ascending and "Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis."

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This man's observation of a bugler accidentally playing a seventh rather than an octave inspired him to include a cadenza for trumpet whose player is instructed not to use valves in his third symphony. One of his compositions calls for a full string orchestra, a separate, smaller string orchestra, and a string quartet, in order to imitate the sound of an organ. His second symphony's finale features a harp imitating the Westminster chimes and depicts a number of other (*) London landmarks. One of his works uses the violin to represent the title bird of a George Meredith poem, while another is based on the Phrygian-mode melody "Why Fum'th in Fight", which was written by the composer of Spem in Alium. For 10 points, name this British composer of The Lark Ascending and Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

A character in one of this man's works sings "Holy Elizabeth!, pray for me!" as he dies. The "Liebestod" is sung at the end of one of this man's works, and this man created the principle of gesamtkunstwerk, or total artwork. This man's opera about Elsa and a titular hero was performed during his exile, and he used repeated leitmotifs for communion and the holy grail in his opera (*) Parsifal. In another opera by this man, Senta throws herself into the sea to free the Flying Dutchman from his curse. For ten points, name this German composer who included Götterdämmerung and Siegfried in his Ring Cycle.

Richard Wagner

The third act of one of this composer's operas begins with a lengthy English horn solo. He made fun of the critic Eduard Hanslick by creating the humiliated character Beckmesser. In one of his operas, the song "Morgenlich leuchtend im rosigen Schein" is dubbed Walther's "Prize Song." In the second act of one of his operas, the maid Brang äne attempts to warn the title characters of the impending arrival of Melot and King Mark. The final scene of that opera begins with one of the title characters singing "Mildund leise / wie er lächelt," her "love-death." For 10 points, name this German composer who wrote The Mastersingers of Nüremberg and Tristan and Isolde.

Richard Wagner

This composer began an overture with a trumpet that represents the war call of the Colonna family for his opera Rienzi. In another opera by this composer, the nurse Mary refuses to sing a ballad for the main character, who is promised to the title figure by her father Daland in return for a (*) ship of treasure. In addition to an opera with a famous "Bridal March", this composer wrote a set of operas that begins with the dwarf Alberich stealing a magical object from the Rhine maidens. For 10 points, name this German composer of The Flying Dutchman and Lohengrin, as well as the operatic cycle The Ring of the Nibelung.

Richard Wagner

One work by this artist is a continuous, axisymmetric bust of Benito Mussolini. Late in life, this artist sculpted a statue depicting its subject wearing broken manacles on his arms, which rest across his chest with the right arm holding a sword. This artist of the aforementioned Spartacus showed two male figures, their heads unseen, striking a ballet-like pose in "Ken and Tyler," and he depicted two intertwined stems, one terminating in an unblossomed bud, and the other in the title flower, in his "Poppy." This artist divided 39 works into three categories in his X, Y, and Z Portfolios, and depicted a black man with his back to the viewer and his ankles grasped in his outstretched hands in "Derrick Cross." He pictured a nude woman sitting on a wooden floor with her knees to her chest, holding on to a radiator pipe, in his portrait of his friend Patti Smith. This artist's self-portrait with a whip inserted in his anus was part of his exhibition that was infamously canceled by the Corcoran Art Gallery in DC. For 10 points, name this photographer of The Perfect Moment known for his depictions of gay sex and BDSM culture.

Robert Mapplethorpe

"Lonely Flowers" and "Prophet Bird" are pieces by this composer in a collection of piano pieces titled Waldszenen. This composer created The League of David Society, which lends its name to last movement of a collection of pieces that feature the A-S-C-H motif and are ascribed to (*) Florestan and Eusebius. The fourth movement of this composer's third symphony depicts the elevation of a cardinal at a cathedral in Cologne; that symphony depicts life by a German river. This composer of Dichterliebe and Carnaval included the movement Traumerei in his Scenes from Childhood. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Spring and Rhenish Symphonies.

Robert Schumann

: An unresolved C-sharp dominant 7 chord, which ends the rst song of one of this composer's cycles, has an ambiguous A-major or F-sharp-minor tonality. This man, who was an in&uence on Hugo Wolf (VULF), included "Mondnacht" (MOND-nahkt) and "In der Fremde" (FREM-deh) in his Opus 39 song cycle based on twelve Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff poems. This man wrote over 120 songs during his Liederjahr (LEE-dehr-yar), or "Year of Song," including a cycle about doomed love based on 16 Heinrich Heine ("HI"-neh) poems. He promoted a young Johannes Brahms in his essay "New Paths" for his New Journal of Music. This composer of Dichterliebe (DIK-ter-lee-beh) included the piece "Träumerei" (TROY-meh-"rye") in his Scenes from Childhood. For 10 points, name this Romantic composer of the Rhenish Symphony who married the pianist Clara Wieck (VEEK).

Robert Schumann

A quotation from Beethoven's An die ferne Geliebte (AHN dee VER-nuh guh-LEEB-tuh) appears in a piano fantasy this composer wrote to fund a monument to Beethoven. Pieces nineteen through forty-three are intended "for adults" in a piano collection by this composer whose earlier pieces were written for his three daughters. This composer of Album for the Young praised Chopin with the phrase "Hats off, gentlemen—a genius!" and later depicted him in his Op. 9, which includes quotations from this composer's Papillons and depictions of commedia dell'arte characters. For 10 points, name this composer of Carnaval and the husband of Clara Wieck.

Robert Schumann

Dominick Argento modeled From the Diary of Virginia Woolf on one of this composer's song cycles, which sets eight poems by Adalbert von Chamisso. This composer used the enigmatic marking "Im Legenden Ton" for the middle section of the first movement of his Opus 17 Fantasie. His F minor piano sonata was originally published under the title "Concerto Without Orchestra." This composer wrote a cycle of nine short piano pieces about a forest which includes "Vogel als Prophet," as well as the song cycle A Woman's Life and Love. He composed "The Happy Farmer," a piece often taught to new piano players, for his Opus 68 Album for the Young. Another of his piano works includes a depiction of people playing Blind Man's Bluff, and begins with the movement "Of Foreign Lands and Peoples." For 10 points, name this German composer whose Scenes From Childhood includes "Träumerei" ("TROY-mehr-eye").

Robert Schumann

He's not Elgar, but this composer's cello concerto in A minor was premiered by Jacqueline Du Pre. This man composed a work dedicated to Frederic Chopin, but he only liked the title page of that piano work, Kreisleriana. This man included "The Happy Farmer" in his Album for the Young, and he also included the dreamy Träumerei and the lullaby Of Foreign Lands and Peoples in his (*) Scenes from Childhood. This composer used the cryptogram A-S-C-H for a piano suite with movements named after Florestan and Eusebius. This husband of Clara Wieck used the Cologne Cathedral as inspiration for his third symphony. For ten points, name this composer of Carnaval who also created the Rhenish and Spring symphonies.

Robert Schumann

This composer combined the main theme of the Allegro brillante first movement with the main theme of the last movement to form a double fugue at the end of his E-flat major Piano Quintet. Franz Liszt dedicated his Piano Sonata in B minor to this composer to reciprocate this composer's dedication of his Fantasie in C major to Liszt. This man, who co-founded the New Journal for Music with his future father-in-law, quoted from his earlier (*) Papillons (pah-pee-YON) in another piano suite whose "Florestan" and "Eusebius" (yoo-SEE-bee-us) movements depicted aspects of his own personality. A view of Cologne Cathedral inspired his Rhenish Symphony, and he included "The Poet Speaks" and "Träumerei" (TROY-muh-RYE) in his piano suite Scenes from Childhood. For 10 points, name this German Romantic composer who married the pianist Clara Wieck (VEEK).

Robert Schumann

This composer discovered the score of Schubert's 9th symphony in Schubert's brother's house. The piece "Of Foreign Lands and Peoples" opens this composer's Scenes from Childhood. This composer included "Ich Grolle Nicht" in a song cycle that ends by describing a coffin that contains old songs, Dichterliebe. Although not Grieg, this man's piano concerto is in A minor and opens with a timpani strike. One of this man's symphonies opens and closes with movements titled (*) 'Lebhaft,' and depicts the Cologne Cathedral, while his first symphony is subtitled "Spring." For 10 points, name this husband of Clara Wieck, the composer of the "Rhenish" Symphony.

Robert Schumann

This composer has the cellist tune their C string down to B-flat for the slow movement of his E-flat-major Piano Quartet. A piano piece by this composer uses double-whole notes in one movement to spell out motives like "E-flat C B A." This composer imagined a league of anti-Philistine musicians called the Davidsbund. This composer wrote two symphonies in (*) 1841, five pieces of chamber music in 1842, and almost 150 songs in 1840. This founder of the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik threw himself into the Rhine in 1854 and then died in an asylum. The pianist Clara Wieck married—for 10 points—what composer of Album for the Young, Carnaval, and Scenes from Childhood?

Robert Schumann

This composer set music to one poem for each letter of the alphabet in his song collection Myrtles. A "wine song" is played during the scherzo of this man's third symphony. This composer's piano work "Estrella" was inspired by his ex-fiancée Ernestine von Fricken. That work is part of a series by this composer that includes the characters (*) Florestan and Eusebius. This composer quoted the folk tune "Grandfather's Dance" in the eleventh movement of his piano suite Papillons. "Of Foreign Lands and Peoples" is the first of his Scenes from Childhood. For 10 points, name this German composer of Carnaval and the "Rhenish" symphony.

Robert Schumann

This composer's piano concerto begins with a tutti E in the orchestra, followed by the soloist's immediate entry. He included a funeral march second movement in his Piano Quintet in E-flat major, whose instrumentation inspired the piano quintet of his protege Johannes Brahms. He included depictions of Pierrot and Arlequino and quoted his Opus 2 Papillons in the (*)) "Florestan" section of a piano suite that also includes a depiction of "Eusebius." This composer's Symphony No. 3 includes a depiction of the Cologne Cathedral. This composer included "Träumerei" in his piano suite Kinderszenen, and his four symphonies include Spring and Rhenish. For 10 points, name this composer whose wife Clara Wieck was an accomplished pianist.

Robert Schumann

At the end of this play, a moonbeam shines upon the title character, and throughout the play, characters talk about the moon as if they are talking about the title character. A monarch in this play is disturbed by various omens, such as the sound of a blackbird's wings beating and his slipping on the blood of a corpse. A character in this play makes references to the Saviour of the World, prompting Tigellinus to speculate whether he is referring to Caesar. A captain known as the "young Syrian" falls in love with the title character and commits suicide upon seeing her (*)) pining for another man she vows to kiss. The author of this play was inspired to write it after reading the third of Flaubert's Three Tales. This play, which was originally written in French, was the subject of a series of illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley. For 10 points, name this tragedy by Oscar Wilde in which the title seductress performs the Dance of the Seven Veils and asks her father Herodias for the head of John the Baptist.

Salome

In the opening scene of this work, a Page is disgusted by one character's apostrophizing of another. That character is easily swayed by another's promise of a smile; however, Narroboth commits suicide when the title character begs for a kiss. The sound of wings beating is heard by one character who later sings Tanz fur mich, and the title character makes love to Jochanaan's head. Adapted from a play by Oscar Wilde about Herodias, a title daughter who performs the Dance of the Seven Veils, and John the Baptist, for 10 points, name this Richard Strauss opera.

Salome

One of this opera's leitmotifs consists of the short-long descending fourths C G, then F C, then the tritone A D-sharp. At the beginning of this opera, a girl promises to throw a tiny green flower to the man who takes her to the cistern. That girl praises another man whose body "was like an ivory column." It later features a quintet of arguing Jews, and ends with the instruction, "kill the woman!" A dissonant chord played sforzando near the end of this work has been called "the most (*)) sickening chord in all opera." That chord is played just after the title soprano says, "I have now kissed thy mouth," to the severed head of Jochanaan. A body double is sometimes used when that soprano gains the favor of her stepfather, Herod, by performing the Dance of the Seven Veils. For 10 points, name this opera with a libretto based on a play by Oscar Wilde with music by Richard Strauss.

Salome

The clarinet opens this opera with a rising scale split halfway between C-sharp major and G major. After one character condemns the protagonist's mother, she replies by praising that character's ivory skin ,black hair, and red mouth. The opening motif of this opera plays again as the moon disappears behind the clouds, shortly before the protagonist is crushed to death by soldiers' shields at the command of her stepfather. At this opera's premiere, Marie Wittich refused to perform "the Dance of the Seven Veils." This opera's libretto was based on Hedwig Lachmann's translation of an Oscar Wilde play. For 10 points, name this Richard Strauss opera whose title character asks for the head of the prophet Jochanaan.

Salome

This figure appears just to the right of a column dividing the two scenes in a ten-meter-wide painting by Bartholomeus Strobel the Younger. One opera centered on this figure uses a wordless chorus in the closing scene and was written by Antoine Mariotte. A lutenist is shown to the right of this figure, who points towards the central figure with her left hand, in Gustave Moreau's painting The Apparition. Another opera named for this figure was dedicated to Sir Edgar Speyer and includes a dissonant (*)) sforzando chord in its final scene. In one painting of this figure by Caravaggio, she wears a black dress while a man who holds a dagger in his left hand examines the titular object with his right. The most famous work about this woman includes characters like Jochanaan and Narraboth and contains the Dance of the Seven Veils. For 10 points, name this woman who obtained the head of John the Baptist, most famously the subject of an opera by Richard Strauss.

Salome

A 5/8 ostinato ends this man's piano concerto commissioned for the centenary of the founding of G. Schirmer Inc. Iso Briselli refused to play this composer's violin concerto due to the difficulty of its perpetuo moto third movement. Another work by this man features an abrupt transition after the text "one is my father who is good to me," which is thought to reference the composer's badly ill father at the time. This composer orchestrated a short prose piece by (*)) James Agee in his Knoxville: Summer of 1915 and arranged his most famous work from the second movement of his String Quartet, Opus 11; that work was broadcast over the TV at the announcement of JFK's death. For 10 points, name this American composer of the Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

One piece by this composer ends with a third movement Presto in moto perpetuo and was written for Iso Briselli. A series of poems by Irish monks formed the basis for his Hermit Songs, and his first piece for solo piano is called Excursions. In another piece by him, the soloist proclaims "It has become that time of evening when people sit on their porches." Another of his works, which was laterre-used for his setting of the (*)) Agnus Dei, was premiered in 1938 on the radio by Toscanini and the NBC Symphony. He set a prose poem by James Agee in his Knoxville: Summer of 1915, but is most famous for a reworking of the second movement of his String Quartet. For 10 points, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

This composer borrowed from the "Streets of Laredo" when he wrote the solo piano piece Excursions. He composed a cycle of ten songs for orchestra based on various poems by anonymous Irishmen in his Hermit Songs, and the house he shared with Gian ["John"] Carlo Menotti inspired his Capricorn Concerto. This composer wrote the overture to Richard Sheridan's School for Scandal, and he wrote music based on a story by James Agee, Knoxville: Summer of 1915. One of his pieces was played after the deaths of people such as Franklin Roosevelt and John Kennedy. Name this 20th century composer of the Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

This composer wrote an Elegy for flute and piano for the flautist Manfred Ibel (EE-bell) that he later reworked into the second-movement Canzone of his piano concerto. Eleanor Steber commissioned a piece by this man that features an allegro agitato section depicting the passage of an electric streetcar. One of his works constantly shifts between 4/2, 5/2, 3/2, and 6/2 time signatures; that piece's main melody ascends and descends in overlapping three-note increments. Erika has an affair with (*) Anatol in an opera by this man with a libretto by his life partner Gian Carlo Menotti. He arranged a movement from his 1936 string quartet into a piece that was played at FDR's funeral. For 10 points, name this American composer of Knoxville: Summer of 1915, Vanessa, and the mournful Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

This composer's second symphony was originally dedicated to the Air Force, and he composed four piano bagatelles titled Excursions. This composer included "The Monk and his Cat" in his Hermit Songs, and composed an overture to Richard Sheridan's A School for Scandal. One of his compositions begins with a narrator naming the people present and was inspired by a James Agee work. This composer of Knoxville: Summer of 1915 notably arranged the second movement of his String Quartet Op. 11 into a piece that has often been played at public funerals. For 10 points, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

This man repurposed the second movement of a planned oboe concerto into his final work, a Canzonetta for oboe and string orchestra. His piano concerto includes a ridiculously fast B-flat minor third movement in 5/8 time, as well as a Canzone second movement. Over a period of 40 years, this composer completed a series of one-movement orchestral works known as "essays". One of this man's works was written for (*) Iso Briselli, who refused to play it because its moto perpetuo third movement was too difficult. This man set a James Agee text for soprano and orchestra in his Knoxville: Summer of 1915. This man's best known work was arranged from the second movement of his only string quartet and was played at FDR's funeral. For 10 points, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

A piano concerto by this composer opens with a soft unaccompanied clarinet solo that is soon joined by the 2nd clarinet playing a third below during an ascending line in C. This composer adapted his poorly received cello concerto into a Symphony-Concerto dedicated to Mstislav Rostropovich. The Romance of a work by this composer includes a notable solo for double bass - that work by this composer includes a (*) Troika after depicting the title figure's wedding. This composer of the Lieutenant Kijé Suite wrote his Symphony No. 1 in imitation of Haydn. A ballet by this composer depicts the death of Tybalt and includes a "Dance of the Knights." For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballet Romeo and Juliet, who used three horns to depict the title animal in Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

A suite by this composer includes an often-omitted part for an ad lib baritone soloist used in places such as its second-movement "Romance." This composer included a "Battle on the Ice" in a seven-movement cantata for a mezzo-soprano soloist, which he adapted from his own score to a 1938 film. He wrote the score to a film about a fictional military officer created from a typing error, from which he extracted a suite that includes a fourth-movement (*)) "Troika." This composer of Alexander Nevsky and Lieutenant Kije wrote a piece that uses a trio of horns to depict the second title character, whom a narrator describes as being roped by the tail and carried off to a zoo. For 10 points, name this composer of Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

He's not Ravel, but one of this composer's piano concertos was performed by Claudio Abbado with the Berlin Philharmonic in one of Martha Argerich's earliest recordings. His hardest piano concerto includes unusual markings like "narrante" and "colossale." Another of his piano concertos is in five movements, the third of a which is a tiny Toccata. His early piano pieces include the dissonant Visions fugitives and Sarcasms. This composer of the Scythian Suite wrote his sixth through eighth piano sonatas during the same (*)) war, thus their collective name. His first symphony replaced the scherzo with a gavotte and was written with a small orchestra, in imitation of Haydn. This composer of the "Classical" Symphony included a "Dance of the Knights" in his ballet version of Romeo and Juliet. For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

In the second act of a ballet by this composer, characters dance both a passepied and a bourrée, after which two sisters ineptly dance variations, all bookended by two "Dance of the Courtiers." In that ballet, a prince's wanderings are depicted with a "Temptation" and an "Orientalia" interspersed between three galops. An E major "Amoroso" ends this composer's ballet featuring a second-act ball that includes both a "Waltz-Coda" and a "Grand Waltz." This composer reused the gavotte from his first symphony in a ballet whose "Dance of the Knights" section is more commonly called "Montagues and Capulets." For 10 points, name this composer of the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet and the children's piece Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

This composer was derided by critics as a "futurist" who created a "Babel of insane sounds" after the premiere of his second piano concerto, written in the memory of Maximilian Schmidt. One of his orchestral works uses a double bass solo to depict a "Romance," while another movement in that piece makes heavy use of pizzicato violins and sleigh bells. In addition to writing a famous (*))"Troika," this composer wrote a ballet that quotes the gavotte from his first symphony and features the "Dance of the Knights." In another orchestral work by him, the bassoon represents the grandfather and the strings represent the first title character. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Lieutenant Kije Suite, the ballet Romeo and Juliet, and Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

He's not George Gershwin, but a cycle of this composer's music for piano and orchestra was popularly recorded in 1965 by Earl Wild and Jascha Horenstein. This composer included a C-sharp-minor theme for solo alto saxophone, accompanied by clarinet arpeggios, in the Non Allegro first movement of a piece whose three movements were originally titled "Noon", "Twilight", and "Midnight". He used an earlier composer's D-minor version of "La Folia" as the basis for his Variations on a Theme of Corelli. This composer of a set of Symphonic Dances inverted the theme in the D-flat-major eighteenth variation of a piece based on another composer's 24thcaprice. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

A memorial to this architect says in Latin "If you seek his memorial, look about you." One of his buildings is called a hospital, though it is a retirement home for veterans located in Chelsea. This architect of Saint Clement Danes designed another church that is on top of Ludgate Hill. Name this architect of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich[GREN-ich] who, after the Great Fire of London, oversaw the construction of many churches, including Saint Paul's.

Sir Christopher Wren

He declined a royal commission from Charles II to direct the refortification of Tangier on grounds of health. He based his design of the Chelsea Hospital on the Hopital des Invalides in Paris, and, with Sir Jonas Moore, designed the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. He proposed a dome for the building he is most associated with one week before it was burned down in 1666, and later headed its reconstruction that took him 36 years to finish. For 10 points, identify this British architect who rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral after the Great Fire of London.

Sir Christopher Wren

One character in this play says, "I do not believe in miracles. I have seen too many." Another character in this play remarks that he thought only Roman philosophers committed suicide, to which Tigellinus responds that the Stoics, who are "ridiculous people," do commit suicide. The description of the scene at the beginning of this play notes that the moon is shining brightly, but by the end of the play, the moon has become as red as blood. The title character of this play insistently repeats requests like "Bring forth this prophet" and "Suffer me to kiss thy mouth," the latter of which is directed at Jokanaan. Ultimately, the title character demands the head of Jokanaan from her step-father, who is referred to as the Tetrarch. For 10 points, name this tragedy by Oscar Wilde whose title character performs the dance of the seven veils.

Solome

This is the second title word of a work that represents a certain island with the motif of an ascending octave followed by a descending half-step. This is the first title word of a work in which a mother says that when a leader is weak, "the tea must be strong", to explain why she poisoned her son; that work features a parody of Gilbert & Sullivan sung by a British Admiral in "Please Hello". This is the second title word of a work in which a heroine who feels "as (*)) corny as Kansasin August" showers onstage while trying to "wash that man right out of [her] hair"; that character overcomes her "carefully taught" prejudice against Emile de Becque's half-Polynesian children and is the army nurse Nellie Forbush. For 10 points, name this first title word of a Stephen Sondheim musical about the Westernization of Japan, and the second title word of a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical featuring the song "Some Enchanted Evening".

South Pacific

A decade-long unrequited passion for Kamila Stösslová inspired Leoš Janáček (LAY-osh YAH-na-check) to write his second work of this type, Intimate Letters. The composer of another work of this type marked its second movement as allegro moderato à la polka. In the last movement of that work of this type, a violin sustains a high E to represent the composer's tinnitus. That piece is Bedrich Smetana's "From My Life." An extended stay in Spillville, Iowa inspired Dvořák's twelfth work of this type, subtitled "American." Haydn's 68 examples of this type of work helped make this chamber music genre popular. For 10 points, name this type of work for two violins, a viola, and a cello.

String Quartets

Two pieces in this genre that were written 11 years apart both have second-movement scherzos marked "Assez vif" [ah-"say" VEEF] and "rythmé" [reet-MAY]. Five works in this genre are the best-known pieces by Elliott Carter. Ravel modelled his F-major piece in this genre on Debussy's piece in this genre, which is in G minor. Alban Berg's (*) Lyric Suite is in this genre. Béla Bartók wrote six of these pieces, which are performed by ensembles with names like "Emerson" and "Kronos." Mozart dedicated six of these pieces, including the "Dissonance" one, to Haydn, who is often called the "Father" of this chamber genre. For 10 points, name this genre for two violins, viola, and cello.

String Quartets

Artists primarily known for work in this movement include Max Ernst and Yves Tanguy. One work of this movement, The Treachery of Images, depicts a pipe and the French words for "this is not a pipe." Another of its works depicts melting watches and is titled The Persistence of Memory. For 10 points, name this art movement featuring bizarre juxtapositions, whose artists include Rene Magritte and Salvador Dali.

Surrealism

"Cool Black" and "Happy Green" are two varieties of this structure's kawaii mascot designed by the Japanese company Sanrio. The firm RWDI designed a large steel sphere that features prominently in this structure, which is the largest of its kind in the world. The façade of this structure uses a double chamfered step to reduce crosswind oscillations; its other façade elements include emblems resembling money boxes and coins. The architect (*) C. Y. Lee designed this building, whose tuned mass damper is visible from an observation deck on the 88th and 89th floors. This building had the fastest elevator until 2016, when it was claimed by the Shanghai Tower. For 10 points, name this skyscraper, the world's tallest from 2004 until 2011, located in the capital city of Taiwan.

Taipei 101

Catherina Bolnes hid this painting after its artist's death to prevent its seizure by creditors. The top of this painting depicts a chandelier with no candles that contains a double-headed eagle. In the background of this painting, a table holds a large mask lies, which some critics interpret as a death mask for the Hapsburg dynasty. This painting's background features a map with a rip in its center depicting the provinces of the Netherlands. One figure in this painting is depicted in an anachronistic black doublet with slits across its back and holds a maulstick in his right hand; the other figure is dressed in blue, holds a book and a trumpet, and wears a laurel wreath, possibly to represent the muse of history, Clio. For 10 points, name this allegory depicting an artist at work, a picture by Jan Vermeer.

The Art of Painting

The bass in this opera is unimpressed by "modern music" when a girl sings from the fictional opera The Vain Precaution during a music lesson. A teacher describes how slander spreads in the aria "La calunnia" before the soprano sings the famous aria "Una voce poco fa" while reading a love letter, which she later switches with a laundry list. The tenor disguises himself as the music teacher Don Alonzo after he earlier s pretended to be the poor student Lindoro while serenading the window of Dr. Bartolo's ward. The title character of this opera sings "Largo al factotum" before helping Count Almaviva woo the sheltered Rosina. For 10 points, name this Rossini opera whose title character is Figaro.

The Barber of Seville

One character in this opera is rescued by child-spirits who sing "Stop! And be wise, you only live once" after an attempted suicide. That character, a bird catcher, then uses magic bells to summon his love. A priest of Isis and Osiris asks the gods to protect the protagonist, but later the protagonist's lover is instructed to kill the priest, Sarastro, with a dagger. The line "hell's vengeance boils in my heart" appears in an aria in which the soprano reaches a high F6. Papageno and the Queen of the Night are characters in this opera, which centers on Tamino's love for Pamina. For 10 points, name this opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart about the title enchanted instrument.

The Magic Flute

One character in this opera sings the aria "Der Vogelfänger bin ich ja" while dressed as a bird. That same character gets his mouth padlocked for lying about killing a giant serpent. The real killers of that serpent show a character in this opera a portrait of an imprisoned woman. Monostatos serves the sorcerer (*) Sarastro in this opera. The most famous aria in this opera requires the singer to hit a high F6. In the aria "Der Hölle Rache," a knife is given to the daughter of the Queen of the Night. This opera ends with Tamino passing the trials necessary to save his love Pamina with the help of the title object. For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart about a special instrument.

The Magic Flute

The setting of this musical work, which was based on a short work published by Christoph Wieland, was initially going to be oriental, but Marinelli's comic opera with a similar title led its composer to change it. Two men in black armor sing about the protagonist moving the sphere of heaven to earth in this opera, shortly before a Baroque rendition of Luther's Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darien is sung. A murder attempt is forgiven in "In diesen heil'gen Hallen." In the first scene, after a character sings "Dies Bildnis Ist Bezaubernd Schon," one of its characters lies about slaying a dragon, which induces a comic scene in which he sings "Hm, hm, hm, hm," with three others due to the padlock on his mouth. In Act II, another character sings "Der Hölle Rache kocht in meinem Herzen" and pretends that she is a clarinet. For 10 points, identify this Mozart opera, which features The Queen of the Night.

The Magic Flute

A dog barks at a drummer in the lower right of this painting. One of the two central figures is dressed in bright yellow, matching the girl with the chicken in her belt. The other is in black with a white collar a red sash across his chest. After restoration, it was revealed that this painting did not actually depict an evening scene. For 10 points, name this work depicting a Dutch militia by Rembrandt.

The Night Watch

A hidden shield in the central background of this work bears a list of names showing those who paid for it. A 1715 alteration to this work that helped fit it between two columns removed two people and a balustrade. An oddly colored dog cowers under figures near the right edge of this painting, while a bearded man carries around a large drum. A yellow-and-blue striped (*)) flag in this painting is wielded by an illuminated man in a top hat, while at the left edge a figure clutches a handrail. A girl in a yellow dress in the near background of this painting stares at a man with an oak leaf mounted on his head, while the viewer is drawn to the pair of central figures wearing bright sashes. Most of the other titular figures carry guns and engage in conversation while carrying out their duties. For 10 points, name this colossal painting depicting the titular group of soldiers, by Rembrandt.

The Night Watch

Gerrit Lundens' copy of this painting in London's National Gallery reveals its pre-cropped state, in which the large arch in the background was closer to the center. A partially out-of-frame man beats a drum on the extreme right of this painting, while in the background a man in armor holds an orange and blue flag. The two main figures are a man dressed in yellow and carrying an ensheathed sword, and a man in a red sash, while many of the background figures are holding pikes. For 10 points, name this painting depicting the company of Frans Banning Cocq, a work by Rembrandt.

The Night Watch

The names of the people depicted in this painting can be seen on an oval-shaped stone cartouche that hangs on the right of its central arch. The drummer on the right-hand side of this painting is partially cut off due to an alteration, and a helmeted man whose eyes peer out from behind the flagbearer may be a self-portrait of the artist. A (*)) chicken hangs from the illuminated white dress of a girl in this painting, which also depicts a man in yellow holding a sword in his left hand who is standing next to Frans Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Rembrandt painting named for its dark finish.

The Night Watch

A follow-up to this work depicts a series of rectangular objects stretching into the distance and a very large fish below where the horizon appears to be curling up; that work is the "Disintegration" of this work. This work depicts some yellow cliffs in the upper right, and a tree grows out of the top of a brown rectangle with an object draped over its branch. Also featuring a salmon colored object covered by ants, for 10 points, name this painting that depicts melting clocks, a work of Salvador Dali.

The Persistence of Memory

This work includes a production of Don Juan Triumphant, a work written by the title character. The song "Think of Me" proves that one character can replace Carlotta as soprano; that character becomes engaged to Raoul, with whom he sings "All I Ask of You." "The (*)) Music of the Night" is sung by the title character of, for 10 points, what Andrew Lloyd Webber musical about a deformed man who lives under an opera house?

The Phantom of the Opera

One song in this musical, with the lyrics, "We'll meet our daily problems, And rest when day is done," is "An Ordi- nary Couple", though that song is sometimes replaced by "Something Good". This musical begins with a chant of "Dixit Dominus" by the same characters who later ask, "How do you hold a moonbeam in your hand?" In this work, Elsa Schrader and Max Detweiler are surprised by a game of leapfrog, and a group of children are comforted by yodeling through "The Goatherd Song" or listing "My Favorite Things". Identify this Rodgers and Hammerstein musical about a governess in Austria named Maria who teaches the von Trapp family to sing.

The Sound of Music

A theme marked "calmo" from the first movement of Bartók's Second Violin Concerto is one of these things. One of these things opens the song "Quiet!" from Bernstein's Candide. George Rochberg abandoned a technique based on these things after his son's death; that technique was championed by René Leibowitz. One of these things is contained in three chords that open Copland's Connotations. A 144-element matrix of these things allows users to derive their retrograde, inversion, or retrograde inversion. All intervals appear in one of these from the Lyric Suite by a composer who also built one out of three (*) triads and part of a whole-tone scale for his Violin Concerto. These things were central to a form of serialism used by Anton Webern and Alban Berg. For 10 points, name these permutations of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale used by Second Viennese School composers like Arnold Schoenberg.

Twelve-tone technique

This technique was theorized to represent the "spiritualization" of nature by Josef Matthias Hauer, who employed it in his Nomos. Another work in this style is the Wittgenstein Motet of Elisabeth Lutyens. Because the recapitulation directly follows the exposition in the Lyric Suite, it is often considered to be a prime example of this technique. Its basis is a construct with twelve factorial possibilities, which is used in works like A Survivor from Warsaw and the works of Webern. It is a form of serialism and is based on a namesake row. For 10 points, name this atonal technique pioneered by Schoenberg, which uses all the notes of the chromatic scale.

Twelve-tone technique

The original architect's successor, Buontalenti, added a cosmological structure to it called the Tribuna Octagonnale. Created from a series of pre-existing structures, it consists of a long series of porticoes with a mezzanine and another series of porticoes on top. Its center cortile, which separates its two wings, gives the impression of a small European street and opens to the Arno River. Designed at the request of Cosimo de' Medici's son, Anna Maria Ludovica bequeathed many of its contents, which currently include The Battle of San Romano and The Birth of Venus. For 10 points, name this building designed by Giorgio Vasari, a former palace that is now an art museum in Florence.

Uffizi Gallery

The cover of a publication by this man features Lyonel Feninger's cubist woodcut of a cathedral, and he developed the ideas in that document into a diagram depicting the Vorkurs, Formlehre, and Werklehre as concentric rings. A school building designed by this man allows a road to pass under the administrative offices, and its three wings meet at a central auditorium. Those three wings are a [*] workshop, vocational classrooms, and a six-story dorm with very small balconies. The first big project undertaken under this man's curriculum was the house of timber magnate Adolf Sommerfeld. This man succeeded Henry van de Velde at the Grand-Ducal School of Arts and Crafts and appointed Hannes Meyer as his successor at a school in Dessau. For 10 points, name this founder of the Bauhaus.

Walter Gropius

A song in this musical repeatedly uses an E-flat-A tritone, ironically described as "the most beautiful sound I ever heard. "Another song from this musical alternates between 6/8 and 3/4 time for a verbal duel with a habanera theme, eventually ending "Everyone there will have moved" to the title location. This musical's love theme is reprised during preparations for a "rumble", after which the leads sing "Somewhere." They had earlier sung "Tonight" atop a fire escape. This musical includes the song "America", in which Anita and Maria mock the other Sharks. For 10 points, name this musical inspired by Romeo and Juliet and composed by Leonard Bernstein.

West Side Story

A choral number from this opera in 3/4 (three-four) time begins with the men singing a two eighth note two quarter note drone under the women singing the ascending eighth note melody D, G, A, B, then G, A, B, D. That number from this opera was adapted by John Macleod into the bagpipe standard "The Green Hills of Tyrol." This opera's opening sees characters sing their own interpretations of a love song originally sung by the fisherman Ruodi. The overture to this opera includes an extended pastoral themed duet between (*) English horn and flute. At the end of this opera, its title character, now out of prison, is reunited with his wife Hedwige and son Jemmey. This opera's overture's four sections includes the prelude, storm, the ranz des vaches ("raunz de vach"), and concludes with a march of the Swiss soldiers. For 10 points, name this Rossini opera where the titular character must shoot an apple balanced on his son's head.

William Tell

One character in this work splits another's head with an axe for attempting to possess his wife, and another character seeks revenge after his father is blinded for refusing to give up his best oxen. Near the end of this work, the protagonist meets Johannes Parricida, whom he denies refuge, and after the death of Count von Attinghausen, his nephew Rudenz changes allegiances and wins the love of Bertha. Arnold Melcthal is one of the chief agitators at a meeting called by Walter Furst, and the protagonist of this work is arrested for refusing to salute a hat. At the beginning of this work, the protagonist ferries Baumgarten across Lake Lucerne in a storm, and he eventually obtains justice by fatally shooting the bailiff Gessler. FTP, name this play about the titular Swiss crossbowman, a work of Friedrich Schiller.

William Tell

A first-act tenor aria in this opera ends on a difficult sustained B-flat. That aria laments "If only I were that warrior!" and is titled for the singer's beloved, who is described as "Celeste," or "heavenly." In this opera's second act, a king offers to grant any one wish for a character who has just returned from a "Triumphal March." The high priest Ramfis sentences this opera's tenor lead to death after his fraternization with enemy king Amonasro is discovered by the princess Amneris. The Egyptian general Radamès is buried alive with his lover at the end of, for 10 points, what Giuseppe Verdi opera about the title Ethiopian princess?

Aida

A pair of rivals sing the duet "Amore! gaudio otmento" in this work, in which another character sings "Se quel guerrier io fossi!" in an aria in which he also pines for the title character. In the bottom of the double scene at the end of this opera, a pair of lovers sing "O terra, addio". The title character of this opera asks heaven to pity her in the aria "Ritorna vincitor." In Act One of this opera, the jealousy theme of Amneris plays as she hears the news of Ramfis's declaration of who shall lead the army to battle. The title character of this opera sings "O cieli, azzurri" at the start of her aria "O patria mia" after which her father Amonasro commands her to betray her lover Radames. For 10 points, name this Giuseppe Verdi opera about the title Ethiopian princess.

Aida

One scene in this opera takes place in the city of Thebes, where the Captain of the Guard pleads for one character to pardon the captured army in the aria "O King, by the sacred gods..." That character's daughter, Amneris, holds an unrequited love for (*) Radamès, but Radamès longs for another character whose most famous arias are "O patria mia" and "Ritorna vincitor." At the end of this opera, both that character and Radamès are sealed inside a stone vault in the temple of Vulcan. For 10 points, name this Giuseppi Verdi opera about the title Ethiopian princess.

Aida

This artist held his namesake "Seven Americans" show in his "Intimate Gallery." One of this artist's collections includes over 200 depictions of clouds. This artist collaborated with Clarence H. White on a series of works featuring nude and clothed people. One of this artist's photographs features a carriage being pulled down a snowy street. Along with Edward Steichen, this artist opened the gallery "291" in New York. This publisher of Camera Work created a photo featuring a gangplank dividing the decks of a ship. For ten points, identify this photographer of The Steerage as well as many photos of his wife Georgia O'Keeffe.

Alfred Stieglitz

A central object in this painting is mirrored in the seams on a man's shirt and the potted mother-in-law's tongue plant in the background. A woman in this painting wears a "Persephone" cameo brooch, and it won a third-place $300 prize from the (*) Art Institute of Chicago, where it is housed today. A window with a pointed arch appears on a house in this painting that was inspired by the Dibble House in Eldon, Iowa. A depiction of the artist's sister stands next to a man modeled on the dentist Byron McKeeby, who holds a pitchfork in his right hand. For 10 points, name this depiction of a farmer and either his wife or sister, a painting by Grant Wood.

American Gothic

The subjects of this Regionalist painting wear a pink cameo brooch and round silver glasses. The Art Institute of Chicago houses this painting, whose background includes a red barn on the right and a green shaded window on the left. The artist's (*)) sister Nan stands next to a man in overalls, who holds a pitchfork in front of a farmhouse with an ornate window. For ten points, name this painting by Grant Wood.

American Gothic

This painting was the inspiration for a photograph by Gordon Parks in which a black cleaning woman stands before a flag. Plants in pots can be seen in the center-left, on the deck of the Dibble House, in this painting, which depicts a red barn in the center-right. One figure in this painting wears a cameo brooch and another wears a single brass button. Nan Graham was one model for this painting, whose other model, a dentist named Byron McKeeby, posed for a man who holds a pitchfork. For 10 points, name this iconic painting by Grant Wood.

American Gothic

A house designed by this man includes two symmetrical wings leading out to pavilions that sport sundials underneath the pediments of their façades. After his death, a theater designed by this man was given a trompe-l'œil set designed to look like a long street heading upstage. A church designed by this man uses white marble for a four-column, elevated classical temple façade that's superimposed over a second, lower temple façade. A country house designed by this man has (*) porticos facing each of the four cardinal directions. This designer of the Olympic Theater adapted Roman temple designs for his many villas in and around Vicenza. Monticello was built on principles inspired by this designer of San Giorgio Maggiore. For 10 points, name this Venetian Renaissance architect who wrote the Four Books on Architecture and designed the Villa Rotonda.

Andrea Palladio

He wrote that he created much of his work with the aid of "previsualization," and he designated zones one through nine of his Zone System as the "dynamic range." His efforts led directly to the creation of Kings Canyon National Park after he was hired to photograph the area by Harold Ickes, and this founder of the group f/64 [f-stop-64] documented the internment of Japanese-Americans in his photographs of Manzanar. Two of his most famous photographs are entitled Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico and Monolith, The Face of Half Dome. For 10 points, name this American photographer who took numerous photos of Yosemite National Park.

Ansel Adams

This artist of Rose and Driftwood portrayed two curvy structures each topped with a cross in his depiction of the Taos Pueblo Landmark. He developed a system with Fred Archer which divides the gradation of color into ten different zones. This artist created a photo-essay of the Manzanar (*) Japanese-American internment camp and co-founded a group called f/64 [F-stop-64] with other photographers. One of his most notable works depicts a large granite monolith surrounded by trees, El Capitan. For ten points, name this American photographer renowned for his black-and-white photos in Yosemite, including Moon and Half Dome.

Ansel Adams

A work by this composer was used for Anthony Tudor's ballet Pillar of Fire. In that work by this composer based on a Richard Dehmel poem, the silence between two stanzas marks when a woman's lover decides to forgive her infidelity. In another work by this composer, the narrator "cannot remember everything" while describing a ghetto uprising, and that work concludes with a men's choir singing Shema Yisroel. This composer of(*) Transfigured Night and A Survivor from Warsaw used Sprechstimme throughout a 21-song cycle of Albert Giraud poems, his Pierrot Lunaire. For 10 points, name this founder of the Second Viennese School, who invented the twelve-tone technique of composition.

Arnold Schoenberg

Six clarinets play a theme made of minor seconds and thirds at the beginning of this composer's song based on Ernest Dowson's "Seraphita". Tove's death is related in the "Wood Dove's Song" in a cantata by this man that also depicts an army of the dead being raised by King Waldemar. His first Chamber Symphony was part of the program at the riotous Skandalkonzert, which he conducted. A poem in which a woman reveals her (*) pregnancy to a man is the basis for a string sextet by this man that featured a controversial inverted ninth chord. This teacher of Anton Webern and Alban Berg developed a composition method based on fairly ordering the notes of the chromatic scale. Gurre-lieder and Transfigured Night were composed by, for 10 points, what Viennese creator of the twelve-tone technique?

Arnold Schoenberg

A sculpture by this artist includes six figures walking solemnly while wearing nooses, The Burghers of Calais. This sculptor never completed his Gates of Hell, which includes a sculpture of Paolo and Francesca da Rimini (*) embracing and one of a man pensively resting his chin on his fist. For ten points, name this French sculptor of The Kiss and The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

This man created a work depicting a cloaked Honoré de Balzac, and also created a trio of bent-over figures throwing their arms into a circle in his Three Shades. Another one of his works depicts only a torso and legs; that work is his Walking Man. Another of this sculptor's pieces features six men offering themselves as tribute to Edward III to be executed. This man mounted sculptures like Ugolino and his Children and The Kiss on a work containing two massive doors. That work also features a sculpture of a sitting man with his chin resting atop one hand. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Gates of Hell and The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

A character in one of this composer's ballets is represented by trombone glissandi playing the interval of a descending minor third. The prologue of an opera by this composer opens with a motif drawn from the pentatonic collection "F#-A-B-C#-E" that's referred to as that opera's "Darkness" motif. Elliot Antokoletz argued that the leitmotif for that opera's protagonist is a modal form of the theme this composer used to represent Ste Geyer in his first Violin Concerto. In one ballet by this composer ,tramps force a girl to seduce the wealthy title character, who refuses to die after being repeatedly stabbed and hanged from a lamp hook. In his only opera the soprano encounters a lake of tears, a bloody torture chamber, and the title character's three other wives behind the seventh door of the title location. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of The Miraculous Mandarin and Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

Bela Bartok

This composer based a pantomime ballet on a short story by Melchior Lengyel. This composer wrote an extensive collection of piano etudes which included movements such as "Thirds Against a Single Voice" and "Dragons' Dance". He collaborated with (*) Zoltan Kodaly to collect folk melodies which he incorporated into his own music. This composer's first major orchestral work, Kossuth, honored the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of The Miraculous Mandarin and the opera Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

Bela Bartok

This composer is the namesake of a string-snapping pizzicato sound. A companion of Zoltan Kodaly [KOE-dye], he collected 153 increasingly difficult piano etudes in his Mikrokosmos, and a girl performs three "seduction dances" in his ballet The Miraculous Mandarin. A princess opens seven colored doors in his one-act opera Duke Bluebeard's Castle. For 10 points, name this composer who incorporated folk songs from his native Hungary.

Bela Bartok

This composer wrote a four-movement piece that contains a first movement Andante tranquillo fugue and a third-movement with timpani glissandi and a xylophone solo based on the Fibonacci sequence. A one-act pantomime ballet by this composer includes three "seduction games," after which the title character chases the girl. This man, who pioneered a dissonance-rich style known as (*)) "night music," wrote a piece that includes the movements "Intermezzo interrotto" and "Game of Pairs." This composer wrote The Miraculous Mandarin and Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta. For 10 points, name this man who wrote the Concerto for Orchestra, a twentieth-century composer from Hungary.

Bela Bartok

This composer's namesake "snap" occurs in the fourth movement of his String Quartet No. 4, which is entirely pizzicato, and he wrote an instructional set of 153 increasingly difficult piano pieces called Mikrokosmos. This composer of Music for [*] Strings, Percussion, and Celesta depicted a "concrete jungle" and three "seduction games" in his ballet The Miraculous Mandarin, and in his most famous opera, the title character's wife, Judith, coerces him to unlock seven disturbing rooms. For 10 points, name this 20th-century composer of Duke Bluebeard's Castle, a folk tune-collecting Hungarian.

Bela Bartok

Arvo Pärt ["pair"t] composed a cantus in memory of this man, who used the song "Come, Heavy Sleep" as the basis of his guitar piece Nocturnal after John Dowland. Pan, Phaeton, and Narcissus are three of the parts of his solo oboe piece Six Metamorphoses after Ovid. This composer adapted a theme from Henry Purcell's Abdelazar for a work that was commissioned to be part of an educational documentary demonstrating the abilities of various instruments. This composer also wrote an opera about a fisherman accused of murder, Peter Grimes. Name this English composer of The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Benjamin Britten

The Audience Songs appear in this man's opera for children titled The Little Sweep. In one work by this composer, a character sings to himself, "Now the Great Bear and Pleiades." That character is defended in thearia "Let her among you without fault" and told to flee by Balstrode. That work by this composer also sees John die after falling off a cliff, leading Mrs. Sedley and the villagers to hunt for the title character who eventually sinks his boat at sea. This composer also wrote a work introducing the instruments of the orchestra to children. For 10 points, identify this British composer of Peter Grimes, and The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Benjamin Britten

This composer reworked material from his "Abraham and Isaac" canticle into a work that has the recurring sonority of a C - F-sharp tritone. This composer wrote pieces titled "Dawn, "Sunday Morning", "Moonight", and "Storm", which are sometimes grouped in a suite with a "Passacaglia. "This student of Frank Bridge and lover of the tenor Peter Pears wrote the "Four Sea Interludes", a requiem that incorporates the poetry of (*)) Wilfred Owen, and an educational piece in which different parts of the orchestra take turns playing variations of a theme from Henry Purcell's Abedelazer. The War Requiem was composed by, for 10 points, which British composer of Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra and the opera Peter Grimes?

Benjamin Britten

This composer was commissioned to write an E-major Festival Te Deum a year after he wrote a cantata based on Christopher Smart's Jubilate Agno. This composer included a French horn part in "Still Falls the Rain," the third of his five Canticles. In a piece by this composer, the chorus first comes in on F-sharp, then C; that tritone is then thematized throughout the piece. A set of variations by this composer ends with a fugue in which the (*) piccolo enters first, then the flute, and so forth down the orchestra. This composer wrote a Serenade for Tenor, Horn, and Strings for his partner Peter Pears. This composer commemorated the bombing of Coventry Cathedral by including poems by Wilfred Owen in his War Requiem. For 10 points, name this English composer of The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Benjamin Britten

This composer wrote a chamber opera in which a twelve-note theme played by a piano is transformed and heard again between each of the sixteen scenes. He wrote an opera in which an ominous passacaglia in Act II plays while a non-speaking boy is led to a hut. A schoolteacher in that opera laments the "clue whose meaning we avoid" in her "Embroidery Aria" after Balstrode shows her a bloodied jersey from John, a young boy who fell and died while descending a cliff. The composer's partner, Peter Pears (peers), premiered the lead role in an opera that features the Four Sea Interludes and depicts a fisherman who drowns himself after he is blamed for the deaths of his apprentices. For 10 points, name this composer of The Turn of the Screw and Peter Grimes.

Benjamin Britten

An early scene in this opera begins with the brass swinging back and forth between Aflat7 and D7 chords over low C's in the low strings and tuba. That scene in this opera includes a tune many people know from Beethoven's Opus 59 No. 2. This opera includes songs about a parrot, a gnat, and a drake. Its title character enters with the monologue "My soul is sad." This opera was revised extensively in 1872, partially to include more female roles. Its title character was the signature role of the bass (*)) Shalyapin. Like Prince Igor, this opera was once only performed in the "edited" version by Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov. In the second scene of its first act, Varlaam sings about besieging Kazan with Ivan the Terrible. In its prologue, a crowd singing "glory" is led by Prince Shuisky to celebrate the title character's coronation. For 10 points, name this opera by Modest Musorgsky about an ill-fated tsar from the Time of Troubles.

Boris Godunov

Before this man became a ruler, he helped the Russian Orthodox Church get its own patriarch, and took away the power of peasants to transfer landowners. This ruler's claim to the throne was based on his sister Irene's childless marriage to Feodor I and the death of Feodor's uncle Nikita. As tsar, this man favored English merchants after receiving a flattering letter from Elizabeth I, but during his reign poor harvests led to severe food shortages. During and after his reign, several people tried to gain the throne by claiming to be the missing son of Ivan the Terrible. Name this tsar whose rule is considered the beginning of the Time of Troubles.

Boris Godunov

The original version of this work was rejected due to its lack of female roles, prompting its composer to include the "Polish scene" in the 1872 revised version. The work ends with a holy fool in the Kromy forest bemoaning his country's fate, while the prologue includes a church bell-laden Coronation Scene that, like the rest of the opera, was revised by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsaov. Based on a Pushkin drama, it features a False Dmitry and the titular (*)) czar, whose death prompted the Time of Troubles. For 10 points, name this only completed opera of Modest Mussorgsky.

Boris Godunov

Around the time one artist was producing works titled for this phrase, they wrote that '[color] has to be divided'; recent microscopic analysis has shown how the artist kept adjacent color fields apart in those two works titled for this phrase. For the first work titled for this phrase, the artist restricted their palette even further by not using black. The chronologically second of two works partially titled for this phrase is the final example of its artist's 'lozenge' paintings, created by rotating a canvas 45 degrees. For 10 points, name this genre of music that titles two works comprised of straight lines and colored blocks, an unfinished one titled Victory [this genre], and another titled Broadway [this genre], painted by Piet Mondrian.

Broadway Boogie Woogie

This opera is based off of a novella by Prosper Mérimée. At one point in the story, the title character of that novella is fascinated by another character's repeating watch. The overture for this opera contains an excerpt of a major character's theme: "Votre toast, je peux [puh] vous [vu] le rendre." That character is (*) Escamillo. Earlier in this opera, after cigarette girls emerge from a factory and banter with the young men in a crowd, the title character introduces herself while singing "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle." For 10 points, name this opera, composed by Georges Bizet, which follows the seduction of Don José by the title gypsy.

Carmen

A musical theme that depicts this animal begins with the staccato ascending then descending notes D G B, G D C-sharp. A humorous duet often attributed to Rossini calls for two of these creatures in its title, though it is written for two sopranos who sing only one word. A sonata in G minor by Domenico Scarlatti is a fugue named for this creature, inspired by one called (*) Pulcinella walking across Scarlatti's keyboard. In Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf, this animal is depicted with the clarinet. A musical titled after a tribe of these creatures is based on a work by T. S. Eliot and includes the characters Jennyanydots and Skimbleshanks. For 10 points, name these creatures whose tribe called the Jellicles appears in a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber.

Cats

In this work, "Caviar" and "Strasburg Pie" are given as examples of appropriate "tokens of esteem." One number was cut from its film version because Sir John Mills was too old to perform the dance moves. Two thief characters describe themselves as "Knockabout clowns" and "quick change comedians," they are Mungojerrie and Rumpleteaser. In this musical, Old Deuteronomy chooses Grizabella to be reborn and sing "Memory." For 10 points, name this Andrew Lloyd Webber musical based loosely on a work by T.S. Eliot's about the title animals.

Cats

A piece by this composer was called a "cosmic drama" in a lecture series by Leonard Bernstein titled for it. This composer referred to one of his pieces, in which a crescendo building up to a C-major chord is shot through with a dissonant B from the horn, as the "Black March." The opening bars of Beethoven's 5th symphony are quoted in each movement of a piece by this composer that calls for a 14 and 3/4-inch long block of (*)) wood to play a cluster chord. For another of his pieces, the strings and woodwinds are to each be placed separately from a trumpet soloist who plays a non-tonal phrase seven times. This composer of The Unanswered Question depicted Stockbridge, Putnam's Camp, and "Saint Gaudens" in Boston Commons in an orchestral piece. For 10 points, name this composer of the "Concord" sonata and Three Places In New England.

Charles Ives

A very short song by this composer alternates between the two whole tone scales and ends with a boy wondering "is life anything like that?" This composer wrote a song whose melody paraphrases the hymn "There is a Fountain Filled With Blood" every time the singer asks "Are you washed in the blood of the lamb?"; that piece, which sets text by Vachel Lindsay, is General William Booth Enters into Heaven. A trumpet is the only brass instrument in one work by this composer that uses an (*)) offstage string orchestra playing triple piano the entire piece; that work, The Unanswered Question, was originally paired with his Central Park in the Dark. A block of wood is used to play a cluster chord in this composer's sonata that has movements named after the Alcotts and Thoreau. For 10 points, name this American insurance salesman and composer of the Concord Sonata.

Charles Ives

In one piece, this composer memorialized an incident in which a crowd waiting at a train station spontaneously broke out into song. Nicholas Slonimsky instructed part of his ensemble to play four measures in the same time that another part played three to evoke dueling bands in his rendition of another "orchestral set" by this composer. He instructed the pianist to create a tone cluster by hitting the keys with apiece of wood in the "Hawthorne" movement of another work. This composer used minor thirds in his quotations of songs like "Old Black Joe" in the first movement of his most famous piece, which depicts the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial. For 10 points, name this American composer of Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England.

Charles Ives

This composer included sections titled "Birth of the Oceans" and "The Pulse of the Cosmos" in his unfinished Universe Symphony. This composer's second piano sonata includes a cluster chord played with a 14¾-inch-long wooden bar. This man's second symphony quotes Stephen (*) Foster's "Camptown Races." In another of his works, a woodwind quartet becomes increasingly dissonant after a trumpet repeatedly asks "The Perennial Question of Existence." This composer wrote an arrangement of "My Country, Tis of Thee" in his organ work Variations on "America". For 10 points, name this composer of the Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England.

Charles Ives

The artist of this painting claimed its challenge was to show the "extraordinary conquest of a life which most people would consider hopeless." The only person in this painting, a woman in its bottom half, is wearing a pink dress with a black belt. The top half of this painting shows where the woman lived, a group of farmhouses known as the Olson House. The woman, who suffered from polio, is crawling towards her house with her back to this painting. Name this work set in Cushing, Maine that was completed in 1948 by Andrew Wyeth.

Christina's World

This painting was a departure in setting from its artist's usual work, which is set in the Brandywine Valley town of Chadds Ford, as well as its painter's most common subject, Helga Testorf. It instead was created in Cushing, Maine, and depicts a figure whom the artist stated "was limited physically but by no means spiritually." That subject reaches towards the top of a hill, where farm buildings await across (*)) a field of grass. For 10 points, identify this 1948 painting of a pink-dressed polio victim, created by Andrew Wyeth.

Christina's World

: A sculpture by this artist represents the head of a large-eyed woman with hair curling beneath her chin, which critics likened to a "hard-boiled egg on a sugar lump." Another of his works is a phallic representation of Marie Bonaparte. This artist of Madame Pogany and Princess X included a cylindrical limestone slab surrounded by twelve stools and a 98-foot pillar in his World War I memorial at(*) Targu Jiu. This artist of Table of Silence and Endless Column is also known for his series of smoothly curved bronze and marble sculptures that represent the flight of the title animal. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This sculptor used three cylinder pieces to represent the torso of a male, and he created an oval-shaped head lying on its side with its eyes closed. This man displayed twelve stones around a circular slab of stone, and this sculptor of Sleeping Muse and Table of Silence created a sculpture made up of seventeen rhombus-shaped pieces stretched vertically called The Endless Column. His most famous work is a series of propeller-like sculptures representing the flight of the title animal. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

Act I of this opera sees crowds of the chorus singing "Bella vita militar" as a welcoming message to the two male protagonists departing on a ship. One aria, "In uomini, in soldati", sees Despina express her cynical view on love, while in another scene, a protagonist sings the famous aria "un'aura amorosa" to express his love for one of the female protagonists and his certainty at winning the bet he and the other two male characters, Don Alfonso and Gugliemo, engaged in at the beginning of the opera. That bet concerned whether or not the central characters' fiancees would remain loyal in their absence. For 10 points, name this Mozart work roughly translated as "they're all like that".

Cosi Fan Tutte

One character in this opera praises the attractiveness of his own feet, eyes, and nose in the aria "Non siate ritrosi" (nohn SYAH-te ri-TROH-si). In the aria "Come scoglio" (KOH-me SKOH-lyo) one character compares her resolve to a rock. Three of the characters sing "Soave sia il vento" (so-AH-ve SYA il VEN-to) as two others go off to war. In one scene in this opera, some poisoned Albanians are cured with a magnet by Despina. This opera also contains the aria "Un'aura amorosa" and sees one character accept a heart-shaped locket from a suitor. Don Alfonso wins a hundred-sequin bet in this opera, thanks to the actions of Fiordiligi and Dorabella. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera in which Ferrando and Guglielmo test their fiancées' faithfulness.

Cosi Fan Tutte

A painting in this style shows a newspaper, a coffee cup, and a rose vase on top of a woman's vanity table. This art style derives its name from a Louis Vauxcelles' remark about a painting of a French fishing village by Georges Braque, and it can be divided into (*) "analytic" and "synthetic" varieties. One painting in this style features a Pierrot playing the clarinet, a harlequin on guitar, and a singing monk. Another famous painting of this style features five nude women with faces inspired by African masks. For 10 points, name this twentieth century art movement championed by Pablo Picasso that emphasized the flat picture plane.

Cubism

This movement's sculptures include a boy riding piggyback in Mother and Child, by Jacques Lipchitz. A forearm in one painting of this style has X-shaped cuts on it and holds a broken sword. Violin and Candlestick and Houses at L'Estaque are by one of its developers, Georges Braque. Its prototype paintings included the African mask-like faces on five nude women in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. A mural in this style shows a screaming horse in black and white during the bombing of a Basque town. For 10 points, name this movement exemplified by Guernica and other late Picasso paintings, which showed many sides of 3D objects in abstracted flat forms.

Cubism

An artist from this movement parodied portraits by depicting machines in "mechanomorphs." The boyhood nightmares of an artist from this movement about birds inspired his Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale and his recurring character Loplop. Francis Picabia was a member of this movement, whose Cologne group contained Jean Arp and (*) Max Ernst. A member of this movement drew a moustache on a postcard of the Mona Lisa and presented a found urinal as one of his readymades. For 10 points, name this movement whose artists included Marcel Duchamp, which takes its name from a word for hobbyhorse.

Dadaism

One member of this group included its name on the cover of An Anna Blume, and called some of his works "Merz." Another artist depicted herself in Cut with the Kitchen Knife. Along with Kurt Schwitters and Hannah Hoch, other members included Hans Arp and Max Ernst. This movement's manifesto was written by Tristan Tzara. Another member produced a urinal signed "R. Mutt," Marcel Duchamp. Founded in protest against World War I, for 10 points, name this anti-art movement with a repetitive name from the French for "hobbyhorse."

Dadaism

He created two scenes in which the angel of death stops a sculptor from completing a bas-relief in the Milmore Memorial. Many of his designs were carved by the Piccirilli Brothers, and he sculpted a deaf girl signing the letter "a" in his depiction of Alice Cogswell outside of Gallaudet University. He collaborated with Edward Clark Potter on a golden quadriga at the entrance of the Minnesota state capital called The Progress of the State. He included a hidden owl in the folds of the robe of his seated Minerva, which is outside of Low Library on the Columbia Campus and called Alma Mater. This man's golden "Statue of the Republic" overlooked the Chicago World's Fair and he designed the medals for the Pulitzer Prize. The rugged subject of another of his sculptures holds a plow in his left hand and a rifle in his right. For 10 points, name this American sculptor of The Minute Man who designed the massive seated statue that dominates the Lincoln Memorial.

Daniel Chester French

A Hungarian member of this artistic movement designed a famous ad campaign for Miss Blanche Virginia cigarettes. Another member of this movement designed the Villa Henny, which pioneered the use of reinforced concrete. A building designed in accordance with this movement's principles features an upper floor with no stationary walls. Vilmos Huszar and Robert van 't Hoff were members of this movement, which also produced a number of "lozenge" paintings and the (*)) Schröder House. One member of this group created a series of "Counter-Compositions" and proposed the supremacy of diagonal lines, which led to the break-up of this group when the painter of Broadway Boogie Woogie left it. For 10 points, name this Dutch art movement which included Gerrit Rietveld and was co-founded by Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian.

De Stijl

One founder of this movement was inspired by Theosophy to create near-mirrored figures in Dancers, and he expressed the ideas that led to his break from this movement in Rhythm of a Russian Dance. Another artist in this movement designed Miss Blanche Virginia cigarette advertisements and used spiraling composition in Mechano-Dancer. One artist in this movement wrote that "the life of modern cultured man is gradually turning away from the natural" and produced diamond-shaped paintings called (*) lozenges with white backgrounds and black section borders. This movement produced a painting consisting of grid patterns in red, yellow, blue, and grey; that painting is Broadway Boogie Woogie. For 10 points, name this Dutch geometric art movement also known as neoplasticism, whose members included Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian.

De Stijl

One member of this group designed the Allegonda villa at Katwik and the Café de Unie. The early works of Burgoyne Diller are often said to belong to this group, which also included the painter of Mechano-Dancer, Vilmos Huszár. A home constructed with its principles has a sub-dividable open space on the 2nd floor and a fascade of protruding planes, designed by the man who did the Red and Blue Chair. With J.J.P. Oud and Bart van der Leck, Theo von Doesburg founded the journal of this group, whose work was exemplified by Rietveld's Schröder House and another artist's Broadway Boogie Woogie. For 10 points, name this Dutch art school including Piet Mondrian.

De Stijl

The founder of this movement was inspired to develop its style by the stained glass windows he made for the De Lange (LAHN-guh) House. It's not Cubism, but one member of this group created the abstract painting The Gray Tree after his more realistic The Red Tree. A house in this style has an upper floor which can be divided in three using sliding panels. That house was designed for the (*)) Schröder Family by Gerrit Rietveld. Another member of this movement limited himself to mostly primary colors in a painting in which a yellow grid represents the streets of Manhattan. For 10 points, name this Dutch art movement which produced Broadway Boogie Woogie, and whose members included Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian.

De Stijl

One piece by this man ends with the strings holding A and E under clattering percussion and castanets. That work, this man's final symphony, opens with a "toyshop" movement that begins with a glockenspiel chime and quotes the William Tell Overture. His Tenth Symphony includes a motif that spells out the name of his student Elmira Nazirova. In another symphony, snare drums play under a parody of a melody from Franz Lehár's The Merry Widow. His Fourth Symphony was withdrawn shortly after the publication of "Muddle Instead of Music" in Pravda. For 10 points, name this composer whose Fifth Symphony was dubbed "A Soviet Artist's Reply to Justified Criticism" and who included the "invasion theme" in his Seventh Symphony, Leningrad.

Dmitra Shostakovich

After hearing Frederic Chopin's variations on a duet from this opera, Robert Schumann declared, "hats off, gentlemen, a genius!" The character in this opera who sings "Notte e giorno faticar" cowers in fear because of another character who declares "a cenar teco, m'invitasti e son venuto." An aria from this opera addressed to (*) "Madamina" lists off "640 in Italy and 231 in Germany" to Donna Elvira. That aria is sung by the servant Leporello and is known as the Catalogue Aria. The title character of this opera is dragged to hell by a statue of the Commendatore. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about the demise of the title womanizer.

Don Giovanni

One wooden work by this artist shows a deeply wrinkled woman clothed in rags with her hands pressed together. This artist of the Penitent Magdalene depicted two putti on the base of a sculpture in the Piazza del Santo in Padua. That sculpture depicts an equestrian(*) Erasmo de Narni. This artist's most famous work depicts a man wearing just a helmet and boots leaning on his sword and standing on the head of his slain enemy. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance sculptor of Gattamelata ["Gat-ah-me-lat-ah"] and a bronze David.

Donatello

This artist was reported to have shouted "Speak! Damn you! Speak!" while carving his favorite work, Habakkuk. His first major statue is situated in a niche of the Orsanmichele as a commission of the linen weaver's guild. That statue, St. (*) Mark, was quickly eclipsed in popularity by his works in bronze like the equestrian statue of Erasmo da Narni entitled Gattamelata. For 10 points, name this Florentine sculptor who sculpted a famous bronze statue of David.

Donatello

1. One of this composer's earliest piano pieces is a "scherzo humoristique" depicting a frantic chase between the title two animals. A cadenza for the solo instrument links the two movements of this composer's Clarinet Concerto. This composer of The Cat and the Mouse had that concerto commissioned by Benny Goodman. Trumpets play the rising motif "F, B-flat, F" in a piece by this composer inspired by a speech by Henry Wallace about the middle class. One of his ballets includes variations on the Shaker Hymn "Simple Gifts" and depicts pioneers constructing a farmhouse. For 10 points, name this American composer of Fanfare for the Common Man and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

A ballet by this composer was the first ballet to include a tap dancing number. The set for another of this composer's ballets consists of some minimal framing for a house and a single rocking chair. The final section of one of this composer's ballets is based the folk song "Bonaparte's Retreat," and that section follows a "Ranch House Party" and a "Saturday Night Waltz." Towards the end of a ballet with a set designed by Isamu Noguchi and choreography by Martha Graham, this composer included five variations on the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts." For 10 points, name this American composer of the ballets Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

A high B-flat flourish in the closing cadenza coda of a concerto by this composer was removed because it was too difficult for the soloist to read off a score. This composer's sextet for string quartet, piano, and clarinet consists of material salvaged from a symphony he dedicated to Carlos Chavez, who also premiered a tone poem this man based on folk songs like "La Jesusita" and "El Mosco." For conductor Eugene Goosens, this composer produced a piece that opens with loud percussion followed by the trumpets playing the rising notes F-B flat-F; that piece was inspired by Henry Wallace's optimistic speech on the outlook of the middle class. For 10 points, name this American composer of El Salon Mexico and Fanfare for the Common Man.

Aaron Copland

An orchestral work by this man incorporates a narration that begins, "Fellow citizens, we cannot escape history" and that work repeatedly states "That is what [the title character] said." Folk songs like "El Mosco" and "El Palo Verde" comprise a work by this composer that was inspired by a dance hall. A cadenza links the two movements of his Clarinet Concerto, which was commissioned by (*) Benny Goodman. This composer of A Lincoln Portrait and El Salon Mexico is most famous for a ballet containing choreography by Martha Graham and the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts". For ten points, name this American composer of Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

Due to its premiere in a library, a ballet by this composer was originally scored for a thirteen-piece chamber orchestra. A choreographer transcribed "I Ride an Old Paint" for a ballet by this composer whose finale quotes "Bonaparte's Retreat." A solo clarinet introduces the theme of a Doppio Movimento movement by this composer that uses the same melody as "Lord of the Dance." A preacher, the Bride, and her Intended are the main characters of a ballet by this composer whose score contains five variations on "Simple Gifts." Another of his ballets ends with a "Hoe-Down." For 10 points, name this queer Jewish-American composer of Rodeo ("ro-DAY-oh") and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

In a lively dance from a ballet by this composer, forty violins and a solo xylophone carry a syncopated rhythm that is interrupted by a brass fanfare. Another ballet by this composer ends with strings and flutes fading out, signifying that the characters are "quiet and strong." A tomboy character dons a dress for the climactic dance of one of his ballets, which quotes the folk song "Bonaparte's Retreat." The original staging of another ballet by this composer featured a (*) sparse set including a house frame, a bench, and a rocking chair designed by Isamu Noguchi. His ballet music features a woodblock in "Hoe-Down" and a duet by the Husbandman and the Bride that introduces a theme and variations on the Shaker song "Simple Gifts." For 10 points, name this American composer of Rodeo ("ro-DAY-oh") and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

In one work by this composer, the time signature changes from 4/4 to 3/2 to 3/4 to 5/4 in the first six measures. This composer's Corral Nocturne theme was partially written by Leonard Bernstein and he used lines from the Gettysburg Address in (*) A Lincoln Portrait. He included a kiss between Roper and Cowgirl during a "Hoe-Down" in one of his ballets and featured the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts" in another ballet that was choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this American composer of Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

One composition by this man includes the "Dance of the Opium Eater," who is revived by the title vampire, Grohg. A work by this man includes the section "The Lord's Day" and had its set designed by Isamu Noguchi, and he depicted the dance between the Champion Roper and the (*) Cowgirl in one work in a section followed by a "Hoe-Down." This composer collaborated with choreographer Martha Graham on a work that quotes the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts." For 10 points, name this American composer who wrote the music for the ballets Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

One of this composer's orchestral works begins with an eleven-note chord that leaves out a C-sharp from the tone row. This composer of Inscape and Piano Variations used two movements linked by a cadenza in a work for strings, harp, piano, and the soloist, a clarinet. In another work, woodwinds and brass underscore a narrator who reads, (*) "We cannot escape history." This composer was inspired by a Henry A. Wallace speech to write one work for brass and percussion to honor American soldiers, and he also wrote the Lincoln Portrait. For 10 points, name this American composer of Fanfare for the Common Man, as well as the ballets Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

One work by this composer includes a song with the lyrics "Come join us in singing the praises of Zion" and another song with the lyrics "My cat goes fiddle EYE FEE." That work is this composer's Old American Songs. Another piece by this composer begins with a movement titled "(*) Buckaroo Holiday"; that piece is a ballet called Rodeo [ROAD-Ay-Oh]. Martha Graham commissioned this composer to write another ballet that includes the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts." For 10 points, name this composer of Fanfare for the Common Man and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

The original set for one of this composer's ballets included two minimalist steps leading up to a platform with a sculpture inspired by a rocking chair. Eugene Loring choreographed a ballet by this man that ends with the title character's death, followed by a return to the "open" fifths of the beginning. This composer excerpted Four Dance Episodes from a collaboration with (*) Agnes de Mille. That ballet by him includes a "Saturday Night Waltz." Isamu Noguchi designed the set for a Martha Graham-choreographed ballet by this man that ends with variations on "Simple Gifts." For 10 points, name this American composer of Billy the Kid and Appalachian Spring.

Aaron Copland

This composer used Latin American themes for a clarinet concerto that he was commissioned to write by Benny Goodman. This composer and Horace Everett worked together to create The Tender Land. This composer used the folk song "Bonaparte's Retreat" in one of his more well-known operas, and included "El Palo Verde" in his(*) El Salon Mexico. This composer used the shaker melody "Simple Gifts" in his most well-known piece. For 10 points, name this American composer of Appalachian Spring and Rodeo.

Aaron Copland

This composer's Piano Variations begins by sharply striking (read slowly) E C D-sharp C-sharp. This composer distinguished three planes of listening to music - the sensuous, the expressive, and the sheerly musical - in his book What to Listen for in Music. A concert suite by this composer depicts a gun battle with a clash between kettle drums and snare drum, and heavily quotes folk songs like "Goodbye, Old Paint" and "The Streets of Laredo." A piece by this composer begins with a slow introduction by the tam-tam, bass drum, and timpani before (*) three trumpets play the rising notes (read slowly) F, B-flat, high F, and was written to commemorate the ordinary soldiers fighting World War II. For 10 points, name this modern American composer of Billy the Kid and Fanfare for the Common Man.

Aaron Copland

In one scene in this opera, a group of Moorish slave boys dance for their master before being told to leave because another character's "grief is sacred." A character in this opera tricks her lover into revealing an army's location. The title character joins the chorus in shouting (*) "Ritorna vincitor," and that wish later comes true with a Triumphal March in Act II. This opera includes the aria "O patria mia" and the lower vault in the Temple of Vulcan is where the title character is buried alive with her lover Radames. For 10 points, name this opera set in Egypt about an Ethiopian princess, written by Giuseppe Verdi.

Aida

In the fourth act of this opera, one character sings "L'aborrita rivale a me sfuggia" as she calls for guards to bring a lover to her. After being condemned to death, one character in this opera sings "Ahime, morir mi sento" as another curses the clergymen who have sentenced him. After a celebration of a victory over an invading army, a captured king in this work agrees to be held hostage with his daughter, who is tricked into confessing her love for the victorious general by Amneris. This opera ends after the titular woman crawls into a vault in order to die alongside her lover, Radames. For 10 points, name this opera about an Ethiopian princess by Giuseppe Verdi.

Aida

The composer of this opera was convinced to write it by Camille Du Locle ("LOH-cluh") after its commissioner threatened to give Charles Gounod ("goo-NO") or Richard Wagner the job instead. Its premiere was delayed because the ongoing Franco-Prussian War delayed the shipping of costumes designed by Auguste Mariette. Mariette also wrote the story that inspired this opera, which was translated into a libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni ("ghees-lahn-ZOH-nee") that includes the aria (*) "Ritorna vincitor" ("ree-TOR-nah VEEN-chee-tour"). This opera's premiere at the Khedivial Opera House used 12 live elephants for the "triumphal march" in which the protagonist's captive father Amonasro is paraded. For 10 points, name this Giuseppe Verdi opera in which Radames is executed and the title Ethiopian princess dies alongside him.

Aida

The father of this opera's title character hides behind a rock to discover the location of an army. Earlier in this work, that character claims he is only an officer and that his true identity is dead. Its "Grand March" is set to a procession featuring elephants. The main character of this work sings (*) "O Patria Mia" while waiting for a lover whom Ramfis later condemns and Amneris secretly loves. Radames is eventually sentenced to death by the Pharoah's priests after he falls in love with the title character of this opera, who dies with him in a vault. For ten points, name this opera set in Egypt about an Ethiopian princess, written by Giuseppe Verdi.

Aida

This opera's third act opens with violins, violas, and cello harmonics playing G in many octaves to evoke moonlight on the banks of a river. One duet is interrupted by a martial hymn first heard in Act I, and one of the title character's ariosos begins with her repeating the choir's unison cry of "Ritorna vincitor!" The final scene takes place on two levels representing the Temple of Vulcan and the vault where two central characters die. The Act II finale features an often-excerpted "Triumphal March," and the aria "O patria mia" is sung by the titular daughter of Amonasro. Amneris and Radames appear in, for 10 points, what opera by Giuseppe Verdi about an Ethiopian princess in Egypt?

Aida

This work's title character sings the arias "O patria mia" [oh pah-tree-ah mee-ah] and "Ritorna vincitor." [ree-tohr-nah veen-cee-tohr] After defeating King Amonasro's forces, the commander Radames [rah-dah-meez] gives away the location of his army to the title character and is caught by his fiancee, (*)) Amneris. This opera ends with Radames being buried alive with the title Ethiopian princess. Tim Rice and Elton John wrote a musical adaptation of, for 10 points, what Giuseppe Verdi opera set in Egypt?

Aida

A work with this title only received the Norman Wait Harris Bronze Medal after being beaten by a Louis Ritman painting, and was purchased for $300. Another work with this title depicts a bespectacled charwoman named Ella Watson gripping a broom in front of a blurred (*)) mop and an American flag. A painting with this title depicts Byron McKeeby and the artist's sister Nan standing in front of a Cedar Rapids home. Gordon Parks parodied -for 10 points - what painting of a stern-looking woman and a pitchfork-wielding man by Grant Wood?

American Gothic

Despite its title, the house appearing in this painting is of the "Carpenter" variety of a title concept. A church steeple, a red barn, and a cactus plant all appear in the background, and while Nan looks away from the viewer, Byron McKeeby (*)) stares directly out. McKeeby wears a black coat and blue overalls. Featuring the artist's sister and pitchfork-wielding dentist, name this oft-parodied work by Grant Wood.

American Gothic

In this painting, the colonial print and flowers on the woman's dress symbolize domestic care and the traditional role of women in society. The two figures in this work were modeled after the artist's dentist and sister. The man has a cross look on his face and symbolizes hard labor by holding a pitchfork. For 10points, name this work by Grant Wood, which symbolized America in the 1930s.

American Gothic

In this work, potted plants are visible above the left shoulder of one of the central figures, and part of a red barn can be seen on the right. Architecture in the background is in the Carpenter form of its title style. This painting's models were the painter's dentist and his sister, Nan. For 10 points, name this regionalist Grant Wood work that depicts a woman and her pitchfork-holding father.

American Gothic

Like the subject of its artist's Woman with Plants, the leftmost figure in this painting wears a red cameo brooch and is positioned close to a potted geranium and mother-in-law's tongue. The figure on this painting's right wears a green-striped undershirt and a white collar with a gold button. This painting's title derives from the Dibble House, whose distinctive arched gable window sits in the upper background of this work between its two central figures, who were modeled on the artist's sister and dentist. For 10 points, name this painting of a strict-looking woman and a bald man holding a pitchfork, executed by Grant Wood.

American Gothic

On the right side of this painting is a red barn, and on the left, a green railing can be seen on the porch of the Dibble House, which the artist encountered in Iowa. One of the two central figures in this work wears a colonial apron, and the other wears (*) overalls. The artist's sister and dentist modeled for, for 10 points, what Grant Wood painting, in which a sad-looking woman and a farmer holding a pitchfork stand in front of a house?

American Gothic

On the right side of this painting is a red barn, and on the left, a green railing can be seen on the porch of the Dibble House, which the artist encountered in Iowa. One of the two central figures in this work wears a colonial apron, and the other wears (*)) overalls. The artist's sister and dentist modeled for, for 10 points, what Grant Wood painting, in which a sad-looking woman and a farmer holding a pitchfork stand in front of a house?

American Gothic

Photographer Gordon Parks created a parody of this painting that depicts cleaning woman Ella Watson with a broom and a mop. Two pots of flowers can be seen over the right shoulder of one figure in this painting, which was inspired by a trip to the town of Eldon. One figure in this painting wears a brown colonial print apron. The pointed (*) arch window of the Dibble House features prominently in this painting, whose artist used his sister Nan and his dentist as models for the two main figures. A man with a pitchfork and his daughter stand in front of a white Iowa farmhouse, for ten points, what iconic painting by Grant Wood?

American Gothic

The artist of this painting chose one of his sitters after grabbing his hand and staring at it fascinatedly for a while. This painting's style was inspired by the artist's trip to Munich, which separated it from his earlier Impressionistic work. A photograph named "[this painting], Washington, D. C." shows an African-American woman with a broom and a mop in front of the American flag; that photograph is by Gordon Parks. One curl escapes the bun of a woman wearing a (*) cameo and a dotted dress in this painting. The central figures of this painting are either husband and wife or father and daughter, and the window above them is mirrored by a pitchfork held by a dentist. For ten points, name this oft-parodied Grant Wood painting showing a serious-looking couple in front of an house in Iowa.

American Gothic

Two potted plants lie under green blinds at the left of this painting, which depicts a church steeple rising above trees in the distant background. A white house in the center of this painting features an arched window with a patterned black curtain. A red barn is visible behind the left shoulder of one of this painting's subjects. That man wears glasses and overalls, and the woman standing next to him in this painting wears a colonial print apron. Dr. Byron McKeeby and Nan, the artist's dentist and sister, served as models for this work. For 10 points, name this painting depicting a farmer holding a pitchfork and his daughter, a work of Grant Wood.

American Gothic

One of this architect's buildings has a facade with upper level Ionic and lower level Doric columns. This architect of the Palazzo Chiericati designed the residence called "La Malcontenta." In 1774, the bell tower of his Church of San Giorgio Maggiore collapsed. The original massive (*)) dome on one of his designs was never executed due to this architect's death. For 10 points, name this Italian architect of the Villa Rotonda who wrote an architectural treatise called Four Books of Architecture.

Andrea Palladio

The five-hundredth anniversary of this man's birth was celebrated with an installation by Zaha Hadid entitled Aura. That installation was placed in an unusually high-pedestaled building designed by this man for the Foscari family. This architect designed the first secular dome. This architect of La Malcontenta overlaid Classical fascades of [*] two different heights in order to unify a high nave with lower side aisles. This man employed that technique for the fascade of a church whose bell tower collapsed in 1774, the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore. Scamozzi drew heavily on the Pantheon in changing this man's plans for a dome atop a four-porticoed building, each pediment of which is adorned by three statues. For 10 points, name this Venetian architect, author of Four Books on Architecture and designer of the Villa Rotunda.

Andrea Palladio

This architect created a family pantheon of full figure statues, including one of Caterina, Queen of Cyprus, in first use of the two-story projecting portico-loggia motif in Western architecture. The Emo family commissioned a residence from this architect, who used a Greek temple-front design for a house commissioned by the Foscari family, La Malcontenta. This architect designed a bilaterally symmetrical building with four porticos surrounding a central dome inspired by the Pantheon, which is sometimes called the Villa Capra. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance architect of the Villa Rotunda.

Andrea Palladio

This man included a long wing ending in a series of dovecotes for a Bagnolo building; that structure also includes a barrel-vaulted main room. One building designed by this man includes frescoes by Battista Franco and was nicknamed "La Malcontenta," his Villa Foscari. He also designed an edifice whose bell tower collapsed in 1774, the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore. One of this man's most famous structures is a dome whose design was altered by his fellow architect Scamozzi after his death. That villa contains a large central dome. For 10 points, name this architect of the Villa Rotunda.

Andrea Palladio

Vincenzo Scamozzi completed a work of this man found across from St. Mark's. The Foscari, Sarego, and Godi are some of the examples of his most characteristic genre, but perhaps his most famous (*))design was for Giulio Capra at Vicenza. This creator of San Giorgio Maggiore and author of The Four Books of Architecture inspired the shape of Monticello. For 10 points— name this designer of the Villa Rotonda.

Andrea Palladio

A photograph by this artist, which shows two humans on boats at its bottom, depicts hundreds of phototubes as golden spheres, and shows the Super Kamiokande reactor. Another photograph by this artist depicts over a thousand women wearing cheerleading costumes in front of a panorama of flowers, and was made at the Arirang Festival. This photographer, who created the Pyongyang series, made a color print mounted to glass that depicts two horizontal patches of grass, which are both bordered by a (*)) river; that work Rhein II is the most expensive photograph ever sold. While in Hollywood, California, this man made a set of two-part photographs showing various products that seem to be organized by color. For 10 points, name this German photographer, who made the "diptych" 99 Cent II, showing packed supermarket aisles,

Andreas Gursky

In a photograph by this artist, the asphalt of an auto racetrack forms a messy black tangle that stands out in the desert landscape. This artist combined shots of one section of a hotel taken from three different floors to form a rippling wave pattern of yellow light in another work. In addition to Bahrain I and Shanghai, works by this photographer include a photo that used double exposure to emphasize movement in a crowded space full of people, paper, and computers. That work, just like this man's shot of hundreds of beach umbrellas grouped into colorful sections on an Italian beach, was taken from a high vantage point. This artist of Chicago Board of Trade II showed alternating (*)) bands of gray and green in his shot of a riverbank that ranks as the most expensive photograph ever sold. In this man's most famous photo, colorful commercial goods are arranged up in neat horizontal rows on the shelves of a store. For 10 points, name this German contemporary artist of Der Rhein II and 99 Cent.

Andreas Gursky

This artist incorporated camera blur to capture movement in images of the Hong Kong, Tokyo, Kuwait, New York, and Chicago stock exchanges. This artist captured the record for the most expensive photograph ever sold when a bidder paid $4.3 million for his image depicting the boundaries between green grass, a path, a river, and the sky as nearly perfect lines. This man took a 1999 image, depicting people browsing fluorescently lit aisles, in which the title word appears on the walls upper next to the words "thanks," "only," and "nothing over"; a 2001 image of a similar scene is presented as a diptych and is the fourth-most-expensive photograph ever sold. For 10 points, name this contemporary German photographer whose photos of empty, anonymous spaces include Rhein II, 99 Cent, and 99 Cent II Diptychon, the latter two of which depict shoppers browsing brightly packaged food inside a discount supermarket.

Andreas Gursky

In 1957, Harpo Marx delivered a wordless pitch for Pepsi during a "spectacular" rendition of this musical. As a kid, I saw a Tony-winning revival of this musical where Bernadette Peters, Tom Wopat and Ron Holgate starred in the main roles. A song written for this musical which titles a 1954 Ethel Merman film discusses how even though "your pa and ma have parted, you're broken-hearted, but you go on" and opens by noting how "The (*) butcher, the baker, the grocer, the clerk / are secretly unhappy men because" they don't receive applause. Dolly is caught tampering with the title character's equipment before a match on Governor's Island in this musical, where two characters plan to get married in "An Old-Fashioned Wedding". "There's No Business Like Show Business" and "Anything You Can Do" were written for this show, whose characters include Pawnee Bill and Chief Sitting Bull. For 10 points, name this Irving Berlin musical about a female sharpshooter.

Annie Get Your Gun

In one of this artist's rare portraits, he depicted guide Orville Cox standing next to a female artist with an odd expression on her face. This man collected some of his works in the book These We Inherit, while in his book Born Free and Equal, he included many of the artwork he created during World War II at the Manzanar internment camp for Japanese-Americans. This artist of the black-and-white Clearing Winter Storm joined Willard Van Dyke and Edward Weston to form a group of artists called Group f/64 ("F STOP 64"), which took its name from a "diaphragm number of the photographic lens." Some of his photos include El Capitan and Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico. For 10 points, name this photographer best known for his work in Yosemite National Park.

Ansel Adams

No figures are visible in this artist's collection of pictures taken in Walpi, Arizona, because the Hopi people residing there did not want this artist to depict their sacred practices. This artist's pictures of the San Francisco de Assis church are collected in a book-length collaboration with Mary Austin titled Taos Pueblo. Under Albert Bender's patronship, this photographer released the collection The Parmelian Prints of the High (*) Sierras. This photographer assigned a number between zero and ten to pictures depending on their black-and-white contrast in a system co-developed with Fred Archer. This creator of the Zone System captured a gibbous moon rising above a large rock formation at Yosemite in his most famous photograph. For 10 points, name this photographer of Moon and Half Dome.

Ansel Adams

One of his works depicts Akio Matsumoto, a detained artist. Another shows two young aspen trees before a forest of mature aspen trunks. Another of his works shows a diffusely but directionally lit rose on dark wood. He was a founding member of Group f/64. In 1935, he published Making a Photograph, followed by a work in which he describes his "Zone System" of exposure, The Negative. During World War II, he photographed Manzanar, a Japanese-American internment camp. One of his recurring subjects is the national parks. For 10 points, name this American photographer of Tetons and Snake River and Moon and Half Dome.

Ansel Adams

Subjects of one series of works by this man include girls playing volleyball and a young woman twirling a baton. Another one of his works features two darkly dressed figures in wide-brimmed hats against a cloudy sky. Those two figures are Orville Cox and artist Georgia O'Keeffe. This artist, who created many works featuring the Manzanar internment camp and its Japanese-American inhabitants, developed a Zone System that ranked shades of grey from 0 to 10. His most famous works include Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico and Moon and Half Dome. For 10 points, name this photographer who frequently depicted natural structures in Yosemite National Park.

Ansel Adams

The petals of a flower sit on a pattern of wavy lines in this artist's Rose and Driftwood. In another work by this artist, two crosses overlap overhead a stone doorway in a pueblo. This artist depicted McDonald Lake in one of his many works whose titles use multiple commas to describe the setting. One work by this artist uses the (*) Zone VII setting and was taken after pulling off the highway in the city of Hernandez. Works by this member of Group f/64 ("f-stop-64") include Moon, Half Dome, and a black-and-white photo of a moonrise over a barren landscape. For 10 points, name this American artist whose photographs of the West include depictions of Yosemite National Park.

Ansel Adams

This artist created an image of a rose petal on a piece of driftwood after an inspirational meeting with Paul Strand. Fred Archer helped this man develop a scale for EV levels that he called the Zone System. One of his most famous works of art depicts the night sky above a cemetery. Imogen Cunningham and Edward Weston helped him found the group f/64. Albert Bender helped him publish his book Parmelian Prints of the High Sierras, which contained his photograph Monolith, the Face of Half Dome. For 10 points name this photographer of Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, and a bunch of photos of Yosemite National Park.

Ansel Adams

This artist developed the "Zone System" and collected many of his works in Born Free and Equal, which depicted the plight of interred Japanese-Americans. With Edward Weston and Imogen Cunningham, he created the group f/64 (F STOP 64). He depicted a dark sky over a cemetery on the plains in (*)) Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, while his other works include Moon and Half Dome. For 10 points, name this American photographer most famous for his photos of the Yosemite Valley.

Ansel Adams

This artist worked alongside Cedric Wright on several works, including one created at a location known as the "Diving Board," and he created several depictions of the University of California titled Fiat Lux. This creator of Born Free and Equal used eleven different levels of brightness in his (*) Zone System. This man founded the group f/64 ["f-stop sixty-four"], and he captured a white dot over a town in Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico. This photographer frequently photographed the monolithic natural monument Half-Dome. For 10 points, name this American photographer famous for his work in Yosemite National Park.

Ansel Adams

This artist's books This is the American Earth and These We Inherit were collaborations with Nancy Newhall. With Fred Archer, this man developed a system of eleven varying regions of brightness called the Zone System. One work by this founder of the group f/64 ["f-stop" 64] shows a white dot high above a town at (*) sunset, while another depicts a dark sky background to an imposing stone feature. Those pictures are Hernandez: Moonrise, New Mexico and Monolith, The Face of Half Dome. For 10 points, name this photographer whose pictures of American nature are exemplified by the ones he took of Yosemite National Park.

Ansel Adams

With Mary Hunter Austin, this artist compiled much of his work at New Mexico into a book that features a piece with crosses resting atop mud dwellings. In that book, Taos Pueblo, this artist used a technique he developed with Fred Archer that creates eleven different levels of exposure, known as the (*) Zone System. This man, who took photos of young Japanese children saluting at the Manzanar internment camp, cofounded f/64["f-stop-64"] with other photographers. For ten points, name this American photographer who took Moon Over Half Dome and several other photos at Yosemite.

Ansel Adams

A complex designed by this man once featured two mechanical gazelles representing young love and still has a curved bench inspired by the buttock imprints of a worker and a mosaic dragon-shaped fountain. He designed an irregular arched roof that may represent St. George slaying a dragon for a building found next to works of two major contemporaries on the so-called "Block of Discord." A private residence designed by this man is features an (*)) undulating facade and his characteristic catenary arches and serpentine designs, though he is best known for a building with 8 towers representing Jesus, Mary, the apostles, and the Evangelists that is projected to be finished in 2025. For 10 points, name this Catalan architect of the Casa Mila, La Sagrada Familia, and many other buildings in Barcelona.

Antoni Gaudi

Early in his life, this architect designed lampposts for the squares in his home city and later built a showcase for a glove company at the World's Fair in Paris, resulting in the acquisition of a longtime sponsor. Hisearly structures include the Casa Vicens, notably inlaid with ceramic tiles, and the Villa "El Capricho," which utilized Gothic architecture that he later characterized as a "defective body that holds with support." Products of a later style that incorporated a fusion of natural shapes with newfound religious fervor include dedications to his sponsor, Eusebi Guell, in such forms as the (*)) Palau Guell, which featured upper-story observation decks from which the owner could observe guests. However, he is best known for obsessively designing and building the crypt for an unfinished project in Barcelona. For 10 points, name this late Catalan architect of La Sagrada Familia.

Antoni Gaudi

One building designed by this architect has ventilation towers made to look like faces and has a central atrium open to the sky. One of his works contains a large undulating bench, and near the entrance of that work sits a large mosaic lizard. His most famous work depicts the life of Jesus on the facades, and its eighteen (*)) bell towers depict Jesus, Mary, the evangelists and the apostles. That church is projected to be finished in 2025. For 10 points, name this Spanish architect of the Segrada Familia.

Antoni Gaudi

This architect used four medieval-style towers and a moat for his Neo-Gothic House of the Botines. He extensively used parabolic arches for one of his early works, a school for nuns. This man created a wrought-iron gate in the form of a dragon for a country estate containing the Baldiro Tower. One of his best known buildings has been dubbed "The Stone Quarry" and has a stone facade often compared to waves on the sea. One of this man's works contains components like the (*)) Passion and Nativity facades and was designed to contain eighteen high-rising spires. Many of this architect's works were commissioned by Eusebi Guell. He designed the Casa Mila and a still-unfinished church in Barcelona. For 10 points, name this Catalan architect of La Sagrada Familia.

Antoni Gaudi

This architect used the garden of the Sant Boi Mental Hospital and employed its patients to make prototypes. This architect designed a hotel that would have been New York City's tallest building had it been constructed, and the plans for his Hotel Attraction were later submitted in the contest to redesign Ground Zero. This architect collaborated with Josep Maria (*)) Jujol whenever ironwork was needed for his buildings, such as in the balconies of a building known as La Pedrera, or, The Quarry. One building designed by this man represents St. George slaying the dragon with its cross-topped tower plunging into a colorful reptilian roof. Another building by him has twelve portal towers representing the twelve apostles and is slated for completion in 2026 when its Glory facade is finished. For 10 points ,name this architect of Casa Batllo and the Sagrada Familia.

Antoni Gaudi

This man designed chimneys resembling rows of huge helmeted heads, whose frightening appearance gives them the nickname "witch scarers." This architect often topped his designs with four-armed crosses. A turret representing Saint George's lance is on one of his buildings nicknamed the "house of yawns" for the mouth- like moldings around its lower windows. This architect incorporated wrought-iron balconies and a self- supporting, undulating stone facade into one of his designs. He used broken tiles called trencadis in a mosaic- decorated park for his patron, Eusebi Guell, and planned eighteen spires for an as-yet-uncompleted church. For 10 points, name this architect who designed the Casa Mila and Sagrada Familia in Barcelona.

Antoni Gaudi

Three sculpted heads at the top and entrance columns in the form of stacked bobbins are seen in an early residential design of his and allude to the identity of his client, a textile manufacturer. Earlier, for the World Expo, he designed the Pavilion of the Transatlantic Company. The Chamber of a Hundred Columns, a network of twisting roads, and a central staircase with a mosaic dragon fountain can be found in a park that also features a notable unfinished crypt designed for his patron. Another work is characterized by organic stone possibly inspired by ocean waves or clouds and became known locally as "The Quarry" but was not commissioned by Eusebi Guell. His most famous design is marked by spindle-shaped towers and three facades, including the Passion and Nativity ones. For 10 points, name this architect of Casa Mila and La Sagrada Familia, both in his native Barcelona.

Antoni Gaudi

A flute solo begins the third variation in the theme-and-variations fourth movement of this composer's Symphony No. 8 in G major. The viola introduces the penta·tonic opening theme of this composer's String Quartet No. 12 in F major. This composer paid tribute to his deceased sister-in-law in his Cello Concerto in B minor. Folk dances such as furiants, dumkas, and polkas comprise his Slavonic Dances. An English horn solo introduces the opening theme of the Largo second movement of this composer's Symphony No. 9, whose Native American and African-American influences stem from this composer's visit to the United States. For 10 points, name this composer of the New World Symphony.

Antonin Dvorak

After this composer tore out the title page of his String Quartet No. 5 in F minor, he used its Andante movement as the basis for his Romance in F minor, written for violin and orchestra. This composer suggested that his pupil Josef Suk ("YO-seff SOOK") write a Serenade for Strings and also wrote his own such Serenade for Strings in E major. This man depicted the furiant ("FOO-ree-ont") and dumka ("DOOM-kah") folk styles in a series of sixteen pieces for piano duo that were (*) orchestrated at the request Johannes Brahms, whose own Hungarian Dances inspired those dances. In this composer's best known symphony, a solo for English horn introduces the first theme of the Largo second movement. For 10 points, name this composer of the Slavonic Dances and a symphony "from the New World."

Antonin Dvorak

In an opera by this composer, the witch Ježibaba helps the title water sprite become human to pursue a prince, in exchange for her voice. The call of a scarlet tanager is imitated in the third movement of this man's 12th string quartet, while its first movement begins with an F major pentatonic viola solo. Another piece by this composer of Rusalka features a slow English horn solo in its (*) second movement, which inspired the song "Goin' Home." This composer's most famous symphony was written during a trip to Spillville, Iowa. For 10 points, name this composer of the New World Symphony.

Antonin Dvorak

One opera by this composer contains a "Song to the Moon" sung by the titular water nymph, Rusalka. The scherzo of his second piano quintet is a furiant, a type of dance that also appears in his collection modeled after Brahms's Hungarian Dances. The second movement of his best-known symphony opens with an English horn solo that was later popularized as the spiritual-like song "Goin' Home," and the symphony gets its nickname from the influence of American folk music. For 10 points, name this Czech composer of two sets of Slavonic Dances and the "New World" Symphony.

Antonin Dvorak

This composer gave a nod to Polish nationalism by quoting the song "Hej, Slavone!" in his D-major string quartet. In memory of this composer's death, the Asrael Symphony was composed by his former violin pupil and son-in-law Josef Suk, who, like this composer, composed an E major Serenade for Strings. A popular song warning people not to flush passenger train toilets when the train is in the station is set to the music of this composer's seventh Humoresque. His most famous piece contains a second-movement English horn solo and was based on African-American spirituals and Native American music. For 10points, name this Czech composer of the New World Symphony.

Antonin Dvorak

This composer was inspired to write a piece upon hearing an E minor piece in the same genre by his colleague at the National Conservatory, Victor Herbert. The instruction attacca subito connects the first three tonally related sections of a piano trio by this composer whose last three sections are tonally disparate. He wrote a trilogy of overtures on "nature, life, and love" comprising In Nature's Realm, Carnival, and Othello. He never orchestrated an early A major cello concerto, but in 1895 he completed his perennially popular Cello Concerto in B Minor. The D-flat Largo second movement of his last symphony was inspired by The Song of Hiawatha. This composer of the "Dumky" Trio was also influenced by African-American spirituals. For 10 points, name this Czech composer of a symphony "From the New World."

Antonin Dvorak

This composer's 12th string quartet includes the birdsong of a scarlet tanager and begins with a viola introducing a theme while the first and second violin play repeated 16th notes. This man composed a tone poem in which a young lady has her hands, feet, and eyes removed; that piece is The Golden Spinning Wheel. In addition to writing the "American" string quartet, this composer wrote a symphony that inspired the song "Going Home" and was based off African-American spirituals. For 10 points, name this Czech composer of Symphony No. 9 "From the New World."

Antonin Dvorak

William O. Douglas claims in his autobiography to writing vulgar parody lyrics for one of this composer's works. Those lyrics are "Passengers will please refrain from flushing toilets while the train is standing in the station (Darling I love you)." In one of this man's operas, Marbuel is a villainous title character who torments the other, a woman named Kate. From 1892 to 1895, this man served as the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York City. Some of this composer of The Devil and Kate's works incorporated material intended for his never completed opera about Hiawatha, whose sobbing was represented in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this Czech composer of the Humoresques and his ninth symphony, From the New World.

Antonin Dvorak

An inverted-ninth chord was the basis for the third movement of one of this composer's works; that chord is the Farben chord, and it appears in "Summer Morning By a Lake." This composer's Opus 9 is a quartal harmonic one movement chamber work with 5 sections, Chamber Symphony No. 1. This composer of Five Pieces for Orchestra used a hybrid (*) speaking-singing technique in twenty-one songs in his Gurre-Lieder. For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer of Pierrot Lunaire who created the twelve-tone technique and pioneered atonality.

Arnold Schoenberg

At the opening of a string quartet by this composer, the first violin plays the loud half notes "D, C-sharp," followed the eighths "A-A-A B-flat," then the slurred quarters "F, E-flat." After suffering a heart attack, this composer wrote a String Trio that has two numbered Episodes between its three Parts. This composer wrote a solo violin part by itself and then its piano accompaniment for the late work Phantasy. In the fourth movement of one of this composer's works, the soprano enters singing lyrics that mean "I feel air from another planet." This brother-in-law and student of Alexander von (*) Zemlinsky had a soprano sing two Stefan George poems in his second string quartet. At the "Scandal Concert," this composer conducted his first Chamber Symphony. A song cycle by this composer popularized the ensemble of flute, clarinet, violin, cello, and piano. For 10 points, what pioneer of atonality invented the twelve-tone system?

Arnold Schoenberg

Chains of falling fifths and arpeggios in muted pianissimo characterize the last movement of a string quartet by this composer, while another work by him lends its name to an ensemble consisting of piano, violin, cello, flute, and clarinet. A work by this man is divided into three sections, the second of which contains settings of "Red Mass," "Gallows Song," and "Prayer to" the title character, who is represented by a seven-note G-sharp, E, C, D, B-flat, C-sharp, G motif. A vocalist asks another to (*)) "look, how brightly the universe shines" in a work by this man which contains a controversial inverted ninth chord. One of his works is based on "three times seven" poems by Albert Giraud, while another is a string sextet based on a Richard Dehmel poem about a meeting in a moonlit forest. For 10 points, name this Viennese composer of Transfigured Night and Pierrot Lunaire.

Arnold Schoenberg

He's not Grieg, but this composer's Opus 25 is a piano suite whose six movements are each in the form of a Baroque dance, such as a Präludium marked Rasch. He called for fifteen instruments in his one-movement, E major Chamber Symphony No. 1. He developed notation such as "P," "R," "I," and "RI" to describe how a sequence of notes can be written backwards and upside-down to produce a retrograde inversion. A solo soprano sings in a (*)) half-speaking style called Sprechstimme in this composer's setting of twenty-one poems by Albert Giraud. He invented a method of composition based on a predetermined row of every note in the chromatic scale. For 10 points, name this composer of Pierrot Lunaire who developed the twelve-tone technique.

Arnold Schoenberg

Literary works by this composer include his Theory of Harmony and Brahms, the Progressive. He wrote a cantata based on poems by Jens Peter Jacobsen and he created a work which ends with a group of Jews singing the "Shema Yisroel". This composer of the Gurre Lieder [GUR-uh "leader"] and A Survivor From Warsaw composed a string sextet inspired by a Richard Dehmel poem. Poems by Albert Giraud [zhee-roh] serve as the basis for another work by this man in which the narrator speaks in the "Sprechstimme" [SPREK-shtee-muh] style. Name this proponent of the twelve-tone system who composed Transfigured Night and Pierrot Lunaire [pyair-oh loo-nair].

Arnold Schoenberg

Near the beginning of a piece by this composer, a horn introduces a recurring theme by playing six ascending perfect fourths starting on D. This composer was the first to mark primary and secondary voices using brackets attached to the top-right of the letters H and N. This composer introduced a term for passing a line between multiple instruments to create a "melody of tone colors." This author of Theory of Harmony used a string quartet and 10 winds in his (*) Chamber Symphony No. 1. This composer used a kind of "speech-song" called sprechstimm in his massive cantata Gurre-Liede and his setting of 21 Albert Giraud ("zhee-ROH") poems. For 10 points, name this Viennese composer of Pierrot Lunaire, who pioneered atonality and created the twelve-tone method.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer has the cellos play half pizzicato, half arco over a sustained "D-A-C-sharp" drone in the first movement of one piece. The second movement of that piece by this composer begins with a high cello solo and includes a celesta ostinato. He included a "Präludium" marked "Rasch" in his sort-of-neo- baroque Piano Suite. Another piece by this composer includes a "Valse de Chopin" and uses an "E-G-E- flat" motive in a movement subtitled "Passacaglia." He originally used titles like "The Obbligato Recitative" and "Chord Colours" for his Five Orchestral Pieces, in which he made the first major use of Klangfarbenmelodie. Another piece by this composer uses a different combination of piano, flute, clarinet, violin, and cello in each movement and is a setting "three times seven poems" by Albert Giraud using sprechstimme. For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer who innovated atonality with pieces like his Three Piano Pieces, Opus 11, and Pierrot Lunaire.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer set a poem describing "Black, giant butterflies descend[ing] upon the hearts of men" in a passacaglia movement, titled "Night". That work by this composer concludes with a soprano singing of being seduced by an "ancient fragrance". A namesake ensemble consisting of flute, clarinet, violin, cello, and piano was inspired by that melodrama by this composer, which is based on the poems of Albert Giraud, and which makes heavy use of a half-speaking, half-singing technique called Sprechstimme. A poem about a woman admitting to her lover that she is carrying another man's child inspired a string sextet by him, based on that Richard Dehmel poem. For 10 points, name this composer of Pierrot Lunaire and Transfigured Night, the founder of the Second Viennese School.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer wrote a single-movement work in E major for 10 winds and 5 strings that, despite being called a chamber work, requires a conductor, while another of his works begins with a pp descending quarter, dotted-eighth, sixteenth motif in the violas and cellos, which are soon joined by the violins. In another work by this composer of the Kammersymphonie, after the narrator finishes speaking, the men's chorus sings the (*)) Shema Yisroel with the orchestra. This composer wrote a work in one movement with five clear sections for string sextet, which he later re-orchestrated for string orchestra. This composer of A Survivor from Warsaw based that other work on a Richard Dehmel poem. For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer of Transfigured Night.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer wrote a work that describes a sergeant barking at his soldiers to count faster. Amale chorus singing the "Shema Yisroel" concludes that work by this man, in which a narrator reads an account of Jews being rounded up in a ghetto. This composer used a controversial "inverted ninth" chord in a a string sextet inspired by a poem about a woman telling her lover that she is bearing another man's child that was written by (*)) Richard Dehmel. This composer of of A Survivor from Warsaw developed a system by which all the pitches of a chromatic scale are arranged without repetition into a "tone row". For 10 points, name this composer of Transfigured Night, a leader of the Second Viennese School who developed "twelve-tone technique".

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer's Opus 16 includes the pieces "Premonitions" and "Peripeteia." This composer's song sets include his Four Orchestral Songs, Opus 22, and the cycle Book of the Hanging Gardens. This composer discussed the "musical prose" of "Brahms, the Progressive" in an essay from Style and Idea. He coined the term "developing variation," and he described melody generated from changing timbres in his book Harmoniel ehre. His Opus 9 is notated in E major and called (*)) Chamber Symphony No. 1. This composer of Gurre-Lieder used piano, violin, cello, flute, and clarinet to accompany twenty one songs using a hybrid singing speaking technique. This composer wrote of the "emancipation of the dissonance," pioneered atonality in works like Verlkärte Nacht, and created the twelve tone system. For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer of Pierrot Lunaire.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer's Opus 9 has a main theme consisting entirely of rising fourths, is notated in E Major, and is a one-movement piece for 15 solo instruments. He founded a Society that privately performed chamber versions of works by his friend Gustav Mahler. This composer of two Chamber Symphonies used piano, violin, cello, flute, and clarinet to accompany a (*) 1912 set of 21 songs, and his most famous work is for string sextet. He invented a kind of speech-song and taught Anton Webern. For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer of Pierrot Lunaire and Verklärte Nacht, who pioneered atonal music and created the twelve-tone system.

Arnold Schoenberg

A kneeling woman kisses a bending man in this person's Eternal Springtime, while a crouching woman with an infant is shown in his Young Mother in the Grotto. Those works are displayed in a museum dedicated to this artist in Philadelphia. This person made a few portrayals of the author Balzac, and his portrayal of six heroes wearing nooses around their necks is The Burghers of Calais. This person spent much of his life working on a set of doors inspired by Dante, above which Dante sat with his chin on the back of his hand. Name this French sculptor whose The Gates of Hell included The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

A student of this artist depicted a whirling couple in The Waltz and showed a woman on her knees to allegorize her break with this artist in The Mature Age. A branch of the Philadelphia Museum of Art holds the second-largest collection of works by this teacher of Camille Claudel. This artist inspired Alberto Giacometti with the "unfinished," boldly-textured (*) torso The Walking Man. This man depicted Three Shades and an entwined Paolo and Francesca da Rimini in a group that includes Ugolino and His Children and The Kiss. Many of this man's works were studies for a depiction of Dante's Inferno called The Gates of Hell. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

Malvina Hoffman helped restore some of the works of this sculptor, who persuaded her to study anatomy in Manhattan. Many of his works are housed in a museum at his former workshop, the Hotel Biron, to which he was introduced by his secretary Rainer Maria Rilke. He also taught and sculpted his lover Camille Claudel. This sculptor made his Saint John the Baptist Preaching larger than life-size due to critics accusing him of casting an earlier sculpture from a living model. He used that John the Baptist sculpture, minus the arms and head, as the basis for his The Walking Man. This creator of The Age of Bronze also executed a sculpture of Dante derived from his The Gates of Hell. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

One of this artist's larger creations contains a scene of a father crouching over his sons as they all starve to death at the orders of the Archbishop. Another work by this teacher of Camille Claudel was considered so lifelike that he was accused of casting a live model into bronze. In addition to the group of Ugolino and his Sons, he also created a group of six French lords with (*)) ropes around their necks walking to their execution. His massive sculptural group The Gates of Hell once contained The Kiss and includes a depiction of a man sitting on a rock with his head on his fist. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Burghers of Calais and The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

One of this artist's sculptures, set in the Muda Tower, depicts an emaciated man and his children sprawled on the ground. This artist of a version of Ugolino and his Sons sculpted a man wearing a bathrobe for a commission, but the commissioners rejected that Monument to Balzac. This artist sculpted several portraits of his student and lover Camille Claudel. Some critics claimed that this artist cast one of his sculptures from a live model. Another work by this sculptor of The Age of Bronze shows six men with nooses around their necks. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Burghers of Calais and The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

One sculpture by this artist shows a curled-up woman with her back to the viewer being hoisted into the air by a man in an Atlas-like pose; that work, I am beautiful, is made from joining the artist's other works Crouching Woman and The Falling Man. The Paris Salon rejected this artist's Man with the Broken Nose and nearly rejected (*) The Age of Bronze after rumors spread that the artist had taken a cast from a living model. A more successful work by this artist commemorates the bravery of the elders of a besieged town during the Hundred Years' War, while his most well-known piece is a bronze statue depicting a seated man lost in thought. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of the Burghers of Calais and The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

One work by this artist depicts the title Greek god sitting with buttocks submerged in a bucket and cloven feet sticking straight up in the air. The largest collection of this artist's works outside of his home country is in a museum in Philadelphia that re-opened in July of 2012. In one work by this artist of Bacchus in a Vat, a naked man sprawls back-to-back on the body of his naked lover, stretching his arms out to embrace her as she clutches her head. The six title men with nooses round their necks walk towards their execution in one of his sculptures. Fugit Amor is one of his many depictions of Paolo and Francesca, including the The Kiss, which feature as part of his largest work, which also includes a pensive man resting his chin on his fist. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Burghers of Calais, whose The Gates of Hell group contains his The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

Outside of his hometown, the largest collection of this artist's works is in Philadelphia, which is home to works like Bacchus in the Vat. A sculpture by this artist was photographed by Edward Steichen with the subtitle "The Silhouette - 4 A.M." That sculpture was so poorly received that this artist moved it back to his studio and refused to let it be cast during his lifetime. One of this man's sculptures is a headless, armless variation of another of his sculptures, the latter of which was made nearly seven feet tall to avoid the charges of surmoulage that dogged a third of his sculptures. This artist of The Walking Man, St. John the Baptist Preaching, and Monument to Balzac created a sculpture originally known as The Poet, which may depict Dante. For 10 points, name this artist whose Gates of Hell includes The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

The plaster model for one of this artist's sculptures was used in Edward Steichen's photograph, subtitled The Silhouette—4 A.M. This artist used a headless, armless version of his Saint John the Baptist Preaching for The Walking Man and also created a group of six lords with(*) ropes around their necks walking to their execution. Another sculpture by this man depicts a man resting his head on his hand. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of works like The Burghers of Calais, whose The Gates of Hell contains The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

This artist created 53 studies of the face of a former geisha named Hanako. Rachel Corbett's dual biography You Must Change Your Life discusses this artist's friendship with Rainer Maria Rilke (RILL-kuh). This artist used a handyman named Bibi as the model for a piece whose head froze and broke in the studio, giving it the title Man With a Broken Nose. The head that rises from an unfinished block in his sculpture Thought is based on that of his student (*) Camille Claudel (kuh-MEE klo-DELL). In one of this man's sculptures, six men wear nooses around their necks as they surrender to Edward III. A sculpture group by this artist includes a depiction of Paolo and Francesca titled The Kiss. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Burghers of Calais who included The Thinker in his Gates of Hell.

Auguste Rodin

This artist sculpted two right hands attempting to touch each other in The Cathedral. This artist's The Walking Man supposedly features the same subject as his John the Baptist, which was made larger than life to avoid accusations of casting from a live model, which had plagued his Age of Bronze. One of his works depicts seven men wearing nooses and offering their lives to lift a siege. On top of another work, three figures outstretch their hands to each other, above a seated figure with his head on his hand contemplating the title location. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Burghers of Calais and The Gates of Hell, which features The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

This artist used the model Adele Abruzzesi for one work depicting two lovers. That work by this artist is called Eternal Springtime and is housed in this artist's namesake museum in Philadelphia. This man created a larger than life St. John in response to criticism that he had cast from a live model. The writings of Jean Froissart inspired one of this artist's works which depicts six men with nooses around their necks. This man's most famous work is included in the tympanum of a sculptural piece based on the Inferno. For 10 points, identify this sculptor of The Burghers of Calais whose sculptural piece The Gates of Hell includes The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

This artist's Andromeda, Bent in Half depicts a supine woman lying on her stomach a rock, like his larger The Danaid. Stanford University has a copy of one monument by this man in which a noose sits around the neck of one merchant. His sculpture groups include three hunched figures pointing downwards and six heroic merchants in The Three Shades and The Burghers of Calais, respectively. This man sculpted two seated figures embracing in The Kiss, within his unfinished Gates of Hell. For 10 points, name this French sculptor who showed a seated, Dante-inspired man with his chin on one hand in The Thinker.

Auguste Rodin

Elliott Antokoletz argues that a certain treaty inspired this composer's "expansion in range" technique in his third string quartet, which begins with sections called "prima parte" and "seconda parte" and introduced his namesake pizzicato. He wrote a work based on a colinda in which nine sons are turned into stags, while another piece opens with a group of "Unison Melodies" and ends with six pieces dedicated to Harriet Cohen. This composer of Cantata Profana wrote a work parodying Shostakovich's "invasion" theme in the "intermezzo interrotto" fourth movement and wrote a collection of 153 instructional piano pieces titled Mikrokosmos. He wrote an opera ending when Judith opens the seventh door of the title location to uncover the three former wives of her husband. For 10 points, name this composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Duke Bluebeard's Castle who collected Hungarian folk songs.

Bela Bartok

He composed a pantomime ballet about a three people who seek to rob wayfarer using a beautiful dancer. In addition to The Miraculous Mandarin, his set of 153 pieces for the piano in 6 volumes titled Mikrokosmos and he parodied Shostakovich's Leningrad Symphony in the fourth movement of his Concerto for Orchestra. He is more famous for an opera that features a building with seven locked doors, which are opened by Judith, who discovers the title character's three former wives. For 10 points, identify this Hungarian composer of Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

Bela Bartok

In one of this man's works, several tramps recruit a girl to perform a seduction game on the title figure, who seems to mysteriously survive being stabbed. Another of his compositions is about a hunter's sons being turned into stags and is titled Cantata Profana. This composer produced a piece whose second movement is called "Game of Pairs" and has a fourth movement ridiculing Shostakovich's march tune from the Leningrad Symphony. One of his operas has a title location that features a lake of tears and a torture chamber. This composer of The Miraculous Mandarin wrote an opera in which Judith suspects the title character has murdered his former wives. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

Bela Bartok

The first movement of one of this man's pieces is thought to based on the Fibonacci sequence, and none of the movements in that composition have a key signature. This composer of Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta also wrote a set of 153 pieces for piano that get progressively more difficult. He also wrote a ballet in which embracing a dancing girl causes a Chinese man dies to die from stab wounds. This composer of [*] Mikrokosmos and The Miraculous Mandarin also wrote an opera in which Judith sees a pool of tears in the sixth of the title figure's seven rooms. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

Bela Bartok

The fourth movement of this composer's fourth quartet is entirely pizzicato. An implied four- movement structure may exist in his Cantata Profana, and he used a fugal theme in his Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta. His 153 introductory works like "Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm" are found in Mikrokosmos, and this composer of a Concerto For Orchestra wrote a pantomime named The Miraculous Mandarin. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer who often used folksongs in works like Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

Bela Bartok

This composer dramatized a Romanian legend about nine brothers who turn into deer in his only large choral work. He parodied Shostakovich in an opus following his last of six string quartets. He used a keyboard instrument that strikes steel plates with hammers in another piece. Before fleeing the Nazis, this composer of Cantata Profana, Concerto for (*)) Orchestra,, and Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta collaborated with countryman Zoltan Kodaly (code-EYE) to collect folk music. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer.

Bela Bartok

This man composed choral work based on a colinda about sons turned into stags called "Cantata Profana." The piano suite Out of Doors was completed by this composer of the trio Contrasts and the solo piano piece "Allegro barbaro." A third piano concerto and a viola concerto were left unfinished at his death, while another of his works features a second section called "Game of the Couples" and a fourth section parodying Shostakovich's Leningrad Symphony. A plucked string that rebounds off the fingerboard is known as his "pizzicato," while "Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm" are part of his set of 153 piano pieces. The composer of Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, this is, for 10 points, which Hungarian composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Mikrokosmos?

Bela Bartok

This man refused Isidore Philipp's offer to introduce him to Camille Saint-Saens, instead announcing his desire to be insulted by Debussy. He used the pentatonic and chromatic scales for two different types of folk music in his "Allegro barbaro." 1926 is known as this composer's "Piano Year," and saw him compose a piano suite with sections called "With Drums and Pipes," "The Night's Music," and "The Chase," organized into his (*)) Out of Doors. Serge Koussevitzky commissioned a piece that this man declined to call a symphony because of the way each section acts as a sort of soloist, and he experimented with unique combinations of percussion in keyboard in pieces like Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion and Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta. For 10 points, name this composer of the Concerto for Orchestra, a Hungarian who created Duke Bluebeard's Castle.

Bela Bartok

A 1907 composition with this title originated as incidental music to a Hjalmar Procopé play, features an extensive flute solo in its second-movement Nocturne, and opens with an Oriental Procession. That Sibelius composition with this title premiered at the same concert as his third symphony. Another work with this title onomatopoeically pairs col legno violins and xylophones in a line mentioning wood and brass instruments with gold in a passage in which the baritone soloist exhorts "praise ye the god of" various things. This composition was scored in part for two seven-piece brass bands to take advantage of musicians who were already performing Berlioz's Requiem at the 1931 Leeds Festival. The chorus shouts the word "Slain!" at a climactic moment of this work, whose Osbert Sitwell-selected text includes elements of Psalm 137 and the Book of Daniel. For 10 points, name this oratorio featuring a chilling depiction of the writing on the wall, a masterpiece by William Walton.

Belshazzar's Feast

A figure from Veronese's Rape of Europa was the basis for a woman on the right side of this painting who lets liquid spill from a golden vessel she is holding. The artist accidentally mistranscribed an inscription in this painting organizing the letters in columns rather than right to left. The central figure's right arm knocks over a holy silver chalice that was stolen from the Jewish Temple and blasphemously filled with wine. The main figure wears small crescent-moon earrings and a bejeweled turban topped by a crown. Rabbi Menasseh ben Israel gave the artist the Aramaic text "MENE MENE TEKEL UPHARSIN" that was used as the mystical inscription drawn by a floating hand in this painting based on a scene from the Book of Daniel. Featuring several figures based on the artist's studies of Jews in Amsterdam, for 10 points, name this Rembrandt painting showing a Babylonian king disturbed by writing on the wall.

Belshazzar's Feast

In multiple Romantic treatments of this man, columns are decorated with a motif in which a snake coils around the pillar. A thunderstorm and the planet Astarte behind some clouds can be seen in an outdoor depiction of this man that shows hundreds of people on three different stories of his mile-long palace. Gilbert Stuart told the artist of another depiction of this man that the perspective was wrong, so that artist destroyed the canvas and spent 25 years working on-and-off on another depiction. That version, which shows this man next to some gold drinking vessels, was inspired by John Martin's treatment and was painted by Washington Allston. In a Baroque painting, this man wears a richly brocaded cloak over his under-robe and has a white turban as his open hand hangs over the head of a woman in red who almost drops a jug of liquid. In that version, this man gazes at an ethereal, disembodied hand. For 10 points, name this Biblical character whom Rembrandt showed looking at the Writing on the Wall.

Belshazzar's Feast

The moon is revealed by a break in the clouds, while a ziggurat is visible in the background in a depiction of this scene by John Martin. Another work titled for this scene was written as incidental music for a Hjalmar Procope play and later expanded into an orchestral suite. The most famous musical piece based on this story includes a setting of Psalm (*)) 137 and was dedicated to the composer's benefactor Lord Berners. The most famous painting of this scene includes several mistranscribed characters from a book by Menasseh ben Israel. Jean Sibelius, William Walton, and Rembrandt based works on, for 10 points, what story from the Book of Daniel?

Belshazzar's Feast

An operatic work by this composer begins with a rendition of the hymn Te lucis ante terminum, and in that work, the flute represents the Madwoman while the horn represents the Ferryman. In the prologue of one work by this composer, an oath is administered to the title character by Mr. Swallow. This composer worked with W. H. Auden on an operetta featuring Hot Biscuit Sam and the title (*) lumberjack. In one opera by this composer of Paul Bunyan and Albert Herring, the death of an apprentice causes the title fisherman to drown himself. For 10 points, name this composer of Billy Budd and Peter Grimes, as well as The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Benjamin Britten

An unaccompanied operatic duet by this composer begins with the title male lead singing in F minor while the female lead begins in E major, before they converge on an E-flat. That duet ends the prologue to an opera in which the male lead sings "Now the Great Bear and Pleiades." In another opera, a male virgin is selected Queen of May Day but vanishes that night to go on a debauched adventure. This composer wrote most of his principal tenor parts for his partner Peter Pears, including the title roles of (*)) Albert Herring and Billy Budd. He extracted Four Sea Interludes from an opera in which a fisherman is charged with causing his apprentice's death and later sinks his own boat out at sea. For 10 points, name this British composer of Peter Grimes.

Benjamin Britten

In an opera by this composer, the protagonist's final solo is accompanied by an offstage tuba and a chorus chanting his name; earlier, that protagonist sings about the "Great Bear" and the Pleiades (PLEE-uh-dees) while storming into a tavern before Ned Keene calms things down by starting a round. A passacaglia (pah-sah-CALL-yah) and Four Sea Interludes are often excerpted from an opera by this man whose protagonist, a (*) fisherman who wants to marry Ellen Orford but has a history of abusing his apprentices, was first sung by Peter Pears (peers). The rondeau from Henry Purcell's (PUR-sull's) Abdelazer serves as the basis for a theme and variations by this man in which sections of the orchestra play in turns. For 10 points, name this composer of Peter Grimes and The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Benjamin Britten

In one of this composer's operas, a solo horn repeats a fanfare-like melody that is later whistled by the title character as he walks to a pub: "To try a taste of certain things / The Prayer Book catalogues among its sins." That character from that opera by this composer is mourned in a threnody by nine characters who presume him dead after the orange-blossom crown he received as the King of (*)) Mayis found crushed in a road. In another opera by this composer, a chorus sings that the title character is "at his exercise" before Balstrode and Swallow go to his hut. That protagonist sings "What harbor shelters peace" as Ellen Orford encourages him to return home, but he sails out to sea to kill himself. For 10 points, name this British composer of Albert Herring and Peter Grimes.

Benjamin Britten

In one opera by him, a character who sings "On the paths, in the woods, on the banks, by the walls, I wait" is often double-cast with the narrator, whose opening recitative begins "It is a curious story." Another one of this composer's protagonists asks "Who can turn skies back and begin again?" in "Now the Great Bear and Pleiades". One of this composer's characters sings "the ceremony of innocence is drowned" with Miss Jessel and haunts Miles and the Governess. The title character of one of his operas is defended by Ellen Orford and commits suicide after his apprentice John falls off a cliff in a work that contains "Four Sea Interludes." For 10 points, name this English composer of The Turn of the Screw and Peter Grimes.

Benjamin Britten

In one opera by this composer, an apothecary leads the singing of a round during a fierce storm, which is interrupted by a woman bringing a child from a workhouse. This composer parodied the philtre motif from Tristan and Isolde when a character in a different opera drinks a glass of spiked lemonade. Later in that opera, a crushed wreath of white flowers is found in a well, and that opera ends with the title greengrocer treating some children to fruit. The death of the silent John in an opera from which this composer excerpted four Sea Interludes prompts its protagonist to leave Ellen Orford and sink his own boat. For 10 points, name this composer of operas such as Albert Herring and Peter Grimes.

Benjamin Britten

One character in a work by this composer repeats the line "Oh messmates take me up, for I'm sinking with the tide" after single-handedly sinking the Turkish Galilee. He's not Dmitri Shostakovich, but one movement of another of his choral works is accompanied by repeated transpositions of the DSCH motif, which is sung to the text "For the silly fellow is against me". That work also features the soprano solo "For I Will Consider My Cat Jeoffrey", and is a setting of the poetry of Christopher Smart. Besides The Golden Vanity and Rejoice in the Lamb, this man composed a work for treble choir which includes movements like "Adam lay i-bounden" and "Balulalow", and whose C-flat major harp interlude quotes the opening processional, "Hodie Christus." This composer of A Ceremony of Carols interpolated such poems as "Futility" and "Strange Meeting" into a Mass in another work. For 10 points, name this composer who set some poems by Wilfred Owen in his War Requiem.

Benjamin Britten

One of this composer's operas ends with the Latin mnemonic tune "Malo" being sung in the manner of a requiem. In another of his operas, townspeople sing a threnody for the title character upon seeing a crushed wreath and Lady Billows organizes the May Day festival. A boat is intentionally sunk at the end of, and two euphemistically-labeled "nieces" and the schoolmistress Ellen appear in, this composer's opera about a fisherman who abuses his apprentices, which includes the separately-published Four Sea Interludes. His most famous operatic character, a stammering sailor, murders his master-at-arms Claggart. For 10 points, name this English composer of Albert Herring, Peter Grimes, and Billy Budd.

Benjamin Britten

One of this man's works features a Christian chorus that makes moral commentary on the story of the rape of Tarquin's daughter, while one of his operas, Gloriana, was written for the coronation of Elizabeth II. Another work includes an aria sung by Ellen Orford as she recognizes an article of her knitting belonging to a dead apprentice, John. That work, which shows the Borough's callous response to John's death, is Peter Grimes. He interspersed poems by Wilfred Owen in his War Requiem, and he utilized the Rondeau theme from Purcell's Abdelazar in another. For 10 points, name this composer of The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Benjamin Britten

At the end of this opera's first act, a man tries to escape an illiterate policeman by pretending to read an an arrest warrant. The third act of this opera introduces the character of Rangoni, a Jesuit who wishes to co-opt Marina's schemes in order to spread Catholicism. Its last two acts feature a Holy Fool who is first robbed and then refuses to pray for the title character after accusing him of murdering a (*)) child. The first act of this opera includes Gregory's waking from a nightmare as Pimen finishes writing a history book, and it ends as peasants prepare to face a Polish invasion. Vasily Shuisky interlocutes for visions of the murdered Dmitri that haunt the title character, a tsar of Russia, in, for 10 points, what historical opera by Modest Mussorgsky?

Boris Godunov

Comic songs in this opera include an innkeeper's love song to a goose and a nurse's song about a bug and a gnat. One character in this opera is caught trying to change the description of a Wanted poster of himself. This work was originally rejected for having no main female characters, which was fixed when the composer added a romantic meeting between Marina and the monk Grigory. Vaarlam and Misail sing a drinking song about the siege of (*) Kazan in this work. This work's prologue ends with a chorus of "Glory" using polymeter and the whole-tone scale. This work's title character sings the monologue "I have attained supreme power" before hallucinating his murdered predecessor. This opera ends with the title character giving the throne to his son Fyodor. For 10 points, name this Modest Mussorgsky opera about the titular czar during the Time of Troubles.

Boris Godunov

In this work's third section, a woman threatens her crying child with the bogyman, but throws him to the ground when he falls silent, and in its seventh section, one character in this work laments that he is "the secret murderer of everyone". Another character in this work dreams that he is on a tower so high that all of Moscow seems an anthill, as the people gather below and laugh at him; later in this work, that character unsaddles his dying horse and then lays his head to rest on it, while his army gathers after defeat. This play's fifth scene features Pimen writing a history of Rus and waking up the young monk Grigory Otrepev, who in the sixth scene has run off, leaving the message "I will be czar in Moscow". Feodor succeeds his father, this play's title character, with Shuisky and Basmanov as his chief advisors, but the latter betrays him to the Polish-supported army of the Imposter, False Dmitri. For 10 points, name this play by Alexander Pushkin named for a czar at the beginning of the Time of Troubles.

Boris Godunov

One character in this opera tries to cheer up her sister with the Song of the Parrot, while their old nurse does the same with the Song of the Gnat. At the beginning of this work, a crowd of people sing, "Why hast thou abandoned us?" when a secretary tells the people that the title character is inflexible. The title character dies while saying "Hark 'tis the passing bell!" Act II of this work begins with Varlaam singing a drinking song about his exploits in Kazan. Its first act ends with the coronation of the title character, who is supported by Prince Shuisky. At the end of this work, the title character hands the throne to his son Fyodor, and is haunted by the murdered Dmitri. For 10 points, name this Pushkin-based opera about a czar, a work of Modest Mussorgsky.

Boris Godunov

The second act of this opera closes with a scene in which winds and pizzicato strings play pulsing staccato tritones to depict the ticking of a clock during the appearance of a vision of a murdered child. There exists debate about the order of this opera's final two scenes: one depicts the title character's death, while the other depicts a group of poor citizens in a forest. In its fourth and final act, a group of children steal from a destitute men, who responds with the opera's closing aria (*)) "Flow, flow, bitter tears." This opera is usually performed using material from both the original 1869 version and the revised 1872 version, although both include the Holy Fool's aria and the opening coronation scene. The title character of this opera parts with his son Fyodor, dies, and is succeeded by the first False Dmitriy. For 10 points, name this Modest Mussorgsky opera about the ill-fated successor to Ivan the Terrible.

Boris Godunov

This man proposed that his daughter marry Prince Hans of Denmark, but Hans died soon after arriving in this man's capital city. Among his early power plays was removing the Nagoi family to Uglich, and his foreign policy included a war against a neighboring power after the expiration of the Treaty of Plussa. He promoted his friend the Metropolitan Job, thus resulting in the creation of the Patriarchate, and Job would later convene the commission that made this man tsar. He forced Fedor Nikitich Romanov, later known as Filaret, to become a monk, and this man's reign saw him oppose Grigory Otrepev by claiming that Grigory was a "False Dimitry." For 10 points, identify this boyar who in 1598 succeeded Ivan IV of Russia, and whose election saw the beginning of the "Time of Troubles?"

Boris Godunov

A rubber eraser was used to create the fleur-de-lis pattern present on all of these paintings. Irving Blum had to buy some of these paintings back after some were sold during the artist's first solo show at Ferus Gallery. These works were traced and gradually enlarged from a mailing envelope. Despite the similarity of the entries in this series, they were made a few months before their artist discovered the silkscreen process for (*) mass reproduction. The word "Consommé" (con-sum-MAY) can be seen on one of these paintings, and one contains the phrase, "Great as a sauce, too!" These paintings were originally exhibited on shelves to evoke the feeling of a grocery aisle and include entries such as "Tomato." For 10 points, name this series of paintings by Andy Warhol of a packaged food product.

Campbell's Soup Cans

In a midtempo "3-4" aria that heavily features two flutes in thirds, this character describes a "whirlwind"-like dance accompanied by the "tinkling rods of the sistra." This character's most famous aria is based on a midtempo chromatic scale down from D. This mezzo-soprano role, whose realism caused a scandal at the opera's 1875 première, reads (*) tarot cards with Frasquita and Mercédès and first appears during a break at a cigarette factory. She sings a seguidilla [seh-gee-DEE-yah] after calling love a "rebellious bird" in her "Habañera" [hah-bah-NYEH-rah] and seduces Escamillo [eh-skah-MEE-yoh], a toreador, before being stabbed by Don José. For 10 points, name this title gypsy of an opera by Georges Bizet [bee-ZAY].

Carmen

One character in this opera agrees to return home with Micaëla once he learns that his mother is sick. In its first act, a female character goes to prison and seduces her guard into letting her go in a seguidilla. Later in this opera, that character and her companions Frasquita and Mercédès entertain (*) officers at Lillas Pastia's Inn. Another character in this opera introduces himself in the "Toreador Song" and falls for the title character who sings about love in "Habanera". For 10 points, name this opera set in Spain about the title gypsy girl, by George Bizet.

Carmen

The male lead of this work elopes with the title character and a band of smugglers after attacking his superior officer, Zuniga. That man in this work eventually returns home when he hears that his mother is seriously ill, while the title character(*) abandons him for a different man, who sings "Votre toast." One of this opera's most well known arias starts out by saying "love is a rebellious bird"; that is this opera's "Habanera". For 10 points, identify this Georges Bizet opera about a sassy Spanish gypsy.

Carmen

This opera character sings the provocative "Rods of the Sistrums Jingle" song, and her entrance includes the "Love is a rebellious bird" aria. She escapes an arrest by implying a guard will have a good time at Lillas Pastia's tavern. While Escamillo is in the bullfighting arena, this woman is killed by Don José. In act three this character reads (*) fortunes predicting that death, as this Georges Bizet [bee-ZAY] character is a gypsy. For 10 points—give this opera character who has the same name as a celebrity surnamed Electra and a fictional crime villain Sandiego.

Carmen

This opera was the subject of Susan McClary's only monograph on a single work. The leads of a film based on this opera were criticized for their "taffy-colored" appearance and acting in an essay subtitled "The Dark is Light Enough." After attending its Vienna premiere, Johannes Brahms went to see this opera over twenty times. Harry Belafonte and Dorothy Dandridge starred in the all-black cast of a film version of this opera, which gives its title character the surname (*) "Jones." In Act II, this opera's title woman is shown a now-dry flower she once tossed to her lover. The first aria for this opera's title woman begins with a midtempo chromatic descent from D. This opera begins with a choir of urchins outside a cigar factory. This opera's aria "Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre" [voh-truh "TOAST," zhuh puh luh RON-druh] includes the refrain "Toréador, Toréador!" For 10 points, name this opera about a gypsy woman by Georges Bizet.

Carmen

Two men in this opera try to recruit three women for a shady business job in the Act II quintet "Nous avons entête une affaire." A famous aria from this opera has a downwards moving melody that begins with D and C-sharp pickup eighths followed by C triplets. Legend has it that the creator of this opera's main role, Célestine Galli-Marie, fainted during a performance of it on the night that its composer died. The protagonist of this opera sings of the inevitability of fate in "En vain pour éviter" after drawing a fortune-telling card that predicts her own death. That title character had earlier compared love to a rebellious bird in her "Habanera." For 10 points, Don José vies with the toreador Escamillo for the hand of the title gypsy, in what opera by Georges Bizet?

Carmen

Gender scholars like Judith Tick cite this composer's quip that Impressionism was "easy music for the sissies" and obsessive opposition to "feminine" music as evidence of misogyny. The ending of a piece by this composer was described as strings "quietly prolonging" a G major triad "into eternity." "The Rock Strewn Hills" is the setting of the second movement of this composer's Orchestral Set No. 2. In a piece by this composer, flutes play increasing atonal melodies as responses to seven notes played by a trumpet. A pastiche of Civil War songs makes up much of a movement that this composer set at "The Saint-Gaudens," which is followed by one at "Putnam's Camp." For 10 points, name this composer of The Unanswered Question and Three Places in New England.

Charles Ives

One orchestral set by this composer uses bugle melodies from "Reveille" to depict a wartime regiment. Another of this man's works depicts blaring fire engines and police cars which this composer described as a "ragtime war" between pianos. A woodwind quartet in one of this man's works grows more agitated each time they play as a trumpet asks the unanswered (*) "Perennial Question of Existence". One of this man's suites includes movements named for authors like Hawthorne, Emerson, and Thoreau. For 10 points, name this American composer of the Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England.

Charles Ives

The first of two interludes in a piece by this composer is written in F major for the right hand and D-flat major for the left hand. This composer's unpublished piano piece The Celestial Railroad has been found to share sections with this composer's Fourth Symphony. This composer's Second Symphony ends with a dissonant chord referred to as a "Bronx Cheer" and, like other pieces by this composer, quotes the song (*) "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean." "Yankee Doodle" appears in various different keys in the "Putnam's Camp" movement of this composer's Three Places in New England. This composer wrote a piece for a string orchestra, four flutes, and a trumpet, as well as a piece whose second movement requires playing a cluster chord with a 14-inch block of wood. For 10 points, name this American composer of The Unanswered Question and the Concord Sonata.

Charles Ives

This composer ended the final movement of one orchestral piece with the tutti sustaining a dissonant chord at a dynamic of quadruple f, before the non-strings drop out and the strings play a hymn-like melody at a dynamic of triple p. This composer imitated a folk band by deliberately including several wrong notes in that piece's second movement, which he re-arranged from his Country Band March. This composer quoted "Old Black Joe" and (*) "Marching through Georgia" in the first movement of his first orchestral set, which depicts a memorial to Robert Gould Shaw. Movements titled "The Housatonic at Stockbridge," "Putnam's Camp," and "The St. Gaudens in Boston Common" comprise, for 10 points, what composer's Three Pieces in New England?

Charles Ives

This composer included a "Decoration Day" second movement in his Holiday Symphony. The strings represent the night in a piece by this composer written from the perspective of someone sitting on a bench at the title place. That piece is often paired with his composition that uses the trumpet to represent the title contemplation. This composer of Central Park in the Dark and The Unanswered Question quoted "Columbia, Gem of the Ocean" in the movement "Putnam's Camp," and another of his works has movements named for Thoreau and Emerson. For 10 points, name this composer of Three Places in New England and the Concord Sonata.

Charles Ives

This composer parodied "polite salon music" with an interlude for solo viola and piano in one of his symphonies, which calls for a "distant choir" of strings in its fourth movement. Optional parts for the flute and viola appear in a piano sonata by this composer, which was published immediately after the explanatory "Essays Before a Sonata." In another piece by him, increasingly dissonant woodwinds represent "Fighting Answerers" struggling in vain against a solo trumpet. Writers such as the Alcotts, Thoreau, and Emerson title the movements of this composer's Concord Sonata. Another of his pieces pays homage to Robert Gould Shaw and his black regiment. For 10 points, name this composer of The Unanswered Question and Three Places in New England.

Charles Ives

This composer wrote the words "actual notes" above the following melody of half- and quarter-note triplets: (read slowly) long B-flat, low C-sharp, low E, long high E-flat, C. A ppp (triple piano) string chorale slowly shifts between widely spaced, non-dominant, diatonic chords to form the static background of a piece by this composer. This composer's Two Contemplations initially paired that piece with one that calls for a grand piano and a player piano, and contrasts eerie strings with ragtime music. In a short piece by this composer, seven repetitions of an atonal trumpet melody are interspersed with increasingly frenetic woodwind quartet phrases. A long wooden plank in used in his piano sonata that quotes Beethoven's 5th in all four movements, including "Hawthorne" and "The Alcotts." For 10 points, name this composer of The Unanswered Question, Central Park in the Dark, and The Concord Sonata.

Charles Ives

This composer's Second String Quartet depicts four men who "converse, discuss, argue...fight, shake hands, shut up - then walk up the mountainside to view the firmament!" One of this composer's song texts posits a "place in the soul all made of tunes," a phrase which titles J. Peter Burkholder's authoritative study on this composer's use of musical borrowing. This composer theorized a dichotomy between musical "substance" and "manner" in the Epilogue to his Essays Before a Sonata. The dissonances of one movement by this composer were supposedly inspired by the sound of two different (*)) marching bands playing simultaneously, and he wrote a piano piece that features optional flute and viola parts. That piece contains a "human faith" melody that is thematically related to quotations of the "Fate" motif from Beethoven's Fifth. For 10 points, name this composer who depicted figures like Emerson and Thoreau in his Concord Sonata.

Charles Ives

This man's last symphony employs a "distant choir" of violins and harps that play in a separate rhythm from the rest of the orchestra in the nale; the third movement of that piece has a fugue based on this man's rst string quartet and was later arranged by his friend Bernard Herrmann. The rst movement of another work by this man consists of the same 27 measures three times, though the violin and cello are silent for the rst and second iteration, respectively. The song "Columbia, Gem of the Ocean" is quoted in this composer's Second Symphony, his Holidays Symphony, and a piece with a movement titled "Putnam's Camp." A symphony called The Camp Meeting and the Concord Sonata are by, for 10 points, what American composer of Three Places in New England?

Charles Ives

This man's second symphony ends with a trumpet playing "Reveille," leading to the final chord, where 11 of the 12 notes are played at once. This composer's fourth symphony splits the orchestra in a section playing in 3/2 and another in accelerating 4/4 in the second movement, based on his piano work The Celestial Railroad. In a piece by this composer, offstage strings play quiet chords, over which a (*) trumpet plays a phrase seven times. He quoted "Yankee Doodle" in multiple keys in the movement "Putnam's Camp." Beethoven's Fifth is quoted in every movement of a piece whose second movement, "Hawthorne," makes a cluster chord with a 14 3/4-inch long block of wood. For 10 points, name this American composer of The Unanswered Question, Three Places in New England, and the Concord Sonata.

Charles Ives

Photos of this person in blackface caused controversy at a 2016 Broad Museum exhibition titled "The Imitation of Life." This person posed for a series of photographs that were then cut out into paper dolls and used for a 1930's-themed Murder Mystery after graduating from Buffalo State College. Another photo series focuses on this person posing in front of digitally-manipulated backgrounds while wearing various clown outfits. This woman stares into a mountain range while standing next to a suitcase in a photograph known as The (*) Hitchhiker. James Franco placed himself in a series of photographs that originally depicted this model of the Centerfolds series posing as if she was a classic Hollywood actress. For 10 points, name this Pictures Generation photographer who served as her own model in works like Untitled Film Stills.

Cindy Sherman

Popularization of this artist's work was helped by a 1991 New Left Review essay calling it a "phantasmagoria." Suzy Lake is often cited as a major mutual influence on this artist, who invited Lake to a 1975 exhibition at Hallwalls and used digital editing to superimpose the title performers over each other to create the "Clowns" series. This artist's later work imitating Old Masters includes a reworking of Raphael's Fornarina simply called "No. 205." For one series, this artist ordered dolls and prosthetic limbs from medical supply catalogues and used them to imitate porn. Before Andreas Gursky's Rhine II sold, a photo from this artist's "Centerfolds" series set a price record. This artist rose to prominence with a series of self-portraits inspired by '50s and '60s movies, showing herself in stereotypical female roles. For 10 points, name this conceptual photographer of Sex Pictures and Untitled Film Stills.

Cindy Sherman

This artist created a large doll's head as stage design for Stephen Petronio's dance Island of the Misfit Toys, whose lighting was done by Ken Tabachnick. Recent books on this artist include one subtitled A Play of Selves by Hatje Kantz. One of this photographer's series shows parts of hands and legs lying in the dirt and bleeding and is called Civil War, while another is called Centerfolds. A family trip to Arizona led to a photograph depicting this person on the side of the road, nicknamed The Hitchhiker, while another series displays medical dummies and is called The Sex Pictures. In another series of photographs, this woman depicted herself as a librarian, a housewife in the kitchen, and lying on the bed in lingerie, representing the roles of an imaginary actess. For 10 points, name this American photographer who depicted herself in stereotypical female roles in Untitled Film Stills.

Cindy Sherman

A curlicue lies atop a half ovoid in this man's depiction of one of his lovers, Portrait ofNancy Cunard. He used a Hungarian girl as the model for his thin-nosed Mademoiselle Pogany. Another of his works depicts an ovoid head on its side. This sculptor of Sleeping Muse created a version of The Kiss in which two rectangular blocks are pressed up against each other. A work from his best known series of artworks elicited controversy at the American customs office for not looking like art. That series is composed of marble or bronze representations of the title animal in flight. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of the Bird in Space series.

Constantin Brancusi

A work by this artist consists of twelve hourglass-shaped seats arranged around a circular table. A diminutive triumphal arch by this sculptor is titled Gate of the Kiss and stands near his Table of Silence. A bronze sculpture by this artist shows a disembodied head laying on its side and is titled Sleeping Muse. Three sculptures by this artist line a mile long walkway in a World War I memorial in his home town of Targu Jiu, which includes a tall sculpture made of stacked rhomboid units. A series of works in marble and bronze by this artist represents the essence of flight. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Endless Column and Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

Klas Anshelm used this man's studio as the basis for the Malmo Konstall, and one of his earliest works was a gravestone memorial depicting a woman on her knees, entitled The Prayer. This man created an ovoid portrait of Nancy Cunhard, and a war memorial created by this man is a circular stone surrounded by a series of hourglass-shaped chairs. One of his works is modeled on Marie Bonaparte and looks like a large bronze (*)) phallus. He stacked 17 rhomboid shapes on top of each other for one work in his hometown. He showed a bronze head lying on its side in his Sleeping Muse, and another series by this creator of Princess X, Table of Silence, and Endless Column was a series of seven marble and nine bronze sculptures meant to capture flight. For 10 points, name this modernist Romanian sculptor of the Bird in Space series.

Constantin Brancusi

Robert Morris argued that Donald Judd's Untitled Stack made of green galvanized iron was inspired by one of this man's works. The ongoing show at the Guggenheim Bilbao includes this artist's The White Negress and The Blond Negress. A witch inspired one of his sculptures created out of geometric shapes of walnut wood on top of a limestone cylindrical base known as The Watch Dog. That piece is this artist's The Sorceress. This artist also created an ensemble of thirteen circular pieces that he claimed represented a new last supper. Along with The Gate of the Kiss, those twelve chairs and table are found next to a structure that resembles an axis mundi, which is composed of seventeen and a half rhomboidal components. The ensemble of those three works is found in Târgu Jiu. For ten points, identify this sculptor of The Endless Column and the Bird in Space series.

Constantin Brancusi

This artist created an oak monument called "King of Kings" for his "Temple of Meditation," which was never built. This artist's other creations include an oval-shaped head lying on its side and a phallic depiction of a woman. The Sleeping Muse and Princess X were created by this artist, who also sculpted twelve chairs surrounding a limestone disk and a stack of 17 (*) rhomboidal modules as parts of an ensemble he created to commemorate World War I heroes at Targu-Jiu. This sculptor of The Table of Silence and The Endless Column created a series of works that portrays the nature of flight. For ten points, identify this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This artist created an oak sculpture entitled King of Kings for a "Temple of Meditation" that was never built. His The Prayer was designed for a funerary monument, and he crafted a stylized depiction of a mythical creature in his Maiastra. Stone stools surround a barren circle in a war memorial created by this artist, The Table of Silence, grouped along with his (*)) Kiss Gate in an installation at Targu Jiu. Other works include a scandalously phallic depiction of a woman called Princess X and a rhombus-module tower, The Endless Column. He is best known for a series of sixteen works that use one smooth curve to depict the flight of the titular avian. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This artist made a sculpture with a point sticking upwards and two other protrusions with flat ends, all resting on an ornate dark pedestal, attempting to portray a witch flying. In addition to The Sorceress, this sculptor created a oval-shaped bronze head on its side with closed eyes called Sleeping Muse. This man created a large sculpture located in Targu Jiu that consists of 17 rhombus shapes [*] stacked on one another, titled The Endless Column. His most famous work is a series of propeller-like sculptures attempting to capture the flight of the title animal. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This artist made several versions of a sculpture that depicts a Hungarian girl with her hands up to her face in gypsum, marble, and bronze, as well as a phallic statue of Marie Bonaparte. This creator of Mademoiselle Pogany and Princess X casted several bronze heads with closed eyes and commemorated World War I veterans at (*) Targu Jiu, where he placed twelve chairs around a limestone slab and a spire of 17 rhomboids. The most notable work by this sculptor of Sleeping Muse, Table of Silence, and The Endless Column is a series that intends to show the beauty of flight, void of details, in the title domain. For ten points identify this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This artist's first commissioned sculpture, created for a gravestone memorial, depicts a slender nude woman kneeling with her arms crossed and is called The Prayer. This artist also sculpted a controversial bronze statue of the head, neck, and bust of Marie Bonaparte. This artist designed a stone table with twelve hourglass-shaped seats called the Table of Silence, part of a World War I memorial at Targu Jiu (TER-goo zhoo). This artist of Princess X provoked a legal battle when US Customs classified one of his sculptures as a manufactured object instead of art. That series depicts the title creature in flight. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of the series Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This man included a reflecting pool in a windowless chamber with an underground entrance in his design for a Temple of Meditation at Indore, and another of his works consists of twelve hourglass-shaped stools around a limestone table. This creator of Mademoiselle Pogany and The Table of Silence caused scandal with his phallic Princess X, and his other sculptures include a nearly hundred-foot stack of rhomboid forms and a series of marble and bronze sculptures capturing the essence of flight. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of The Endless Column and Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This man was inspired by pictures of Jean-Baptiste Charcot's Antarctic expeditions to sculpt Three Penguins. He was fond of using large bases to enhance the intensity of the staring, beaklike top section of his sculpture Chimera. One of his more controversial pieces is a bronze depiction of Marie Bonaparte that was attacked for its seemingly (*)) phallic form. A 97-foot-high work consisting of seventeen and a half rhomboidal modules is part of this artist's World War I memorial at Targu Jiu, which contains the Table of the Apostles, the Kiss Gate, and the aforementioned Endless Column. For 10 points, name this creator of a series of planar ovoid depictions of flight, the Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This sculptor used two marble forms fused together to depict Two Turtles, and other animals he sculpted included a jagged lightning shaped Cock and a stingray shaped Flying Turtle. He created several versions of a bird with a puffed chest and prominent plume titled Maiastra. This sculptor used the same egg shaped marble in The Beginning of the World and Sculpture for the Blind. This man visited India after he was commissioned by the (*)) Maharajah of Indore to construct a temple that would hold his works. He depicted the embrace of two rectangular figures in one work, and stacked seventeen rhomboidal structures for a war monument. Another of his works was purchased by Edward Steichen and classified by U.S. customs as a "miscellaneous household good." For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Endless Column and Bird in Space.

Constantin Brancusi

This sculptor was commissioned to create a sanctuary for the Maharaja of Indore [in-DOR-uh], resulting in the Temple of Meditation that included the piece King of Kings. In one piece, this man set twelve seats around a large, circular stone. Another work by this man has seventeen rhombus-shaped pieces stretch vertically nearly 100 feet. Both those works, Table of Silence and Endless Column, are located in Targu Jiu (TAR-goo ZHEE-oo). For 10 points, name this sculptor of a piece considered by customs officials to be an industrial part called Bird in Space, who was born in Romania.

Constantin Brancusi

In a comic scene in this work, a maid disguised as a doctor produces a huge magnet and pretends to cure two men, intoning "Questo e quel pezzo." The talents of Adriana Gabrielli, who had recently become the librettist's mistress, induced its composer to write challenging skips and an astonishing range into the aria "Come scoglio." This opera's action is spurred by a wager of one hundred sequins between the cynical Don Alfonso and the officers Ferrando and Guglielmo, who have misplaced faith in the sisters Dorabella and Fiordiligi. FTP name this light opera with libretto by da Ponte and composed by Mozart whose title translates roughly as "Women are like that."

Cosi Fan Tutte

In this opera's beautiful trio "Soave sia il vento", three characters wish for "gentle winds" as two men get on a boat about to leave for war. In the duet "Il core di vono", one character accepts a heart-shaped locket from her suitor, while earlier that woman had rebuffed his advances that compared her faithfulness to a rock, in the aria "Come Scoglio." In this opera's third scene, two characters who pretend to drink poison are cured by a magnet operated by a doctor who is actually the maid Despina in disguise. In this opera's final scene, a double marriage is rearranged when two men pretending to be Albanian soldiers reveal their identities to Dorabella and Fiordiligi. This opera begins when Don Alfonso makes a bet with Ferrando and Guglielmo that their fiancees would not be faithful in their absence. For 10 points, name this Mozart comic opera with a title referring to women, roughly meaning "They're all like that."

Cosi Fan Tutte

In this work, big muscles and large moustaches are praised in the aria "Non siate ritrosi", while the possibility of love is said to sate one's hunger in "Un aura amorosa." Love is compared to a thief in the aria "E amore un ladroncello" by a girl who had earlier claimed she would die of grief in "Smanie implacabili." An "audacious person" is told to leave in the difficult "Come scoglio", and this opera sees a nurse disguise herself as a notary as well as a doctor who pulls out a large magnet to revive some men disguised as Albanians. The stupidity of wagering 100 sequins on woman is the subject of an arioso by Don Alfonso, and the primary female pair is urged to acquiesce by their maid Despina. One character gloats about the faithfulness of his betrothed though he managed to seduce Dorabella. For 10 points, name this opera featuring Guglielmo and Ferrando, who learn the title lesson, a work of Mozart.

Cosi Fan Tutte

Notable pieces in this opera include the duet "Il core vi dono," in which a character gives away a locket containing a portrait of her husband, and the aria "Come scoglio," in which the same character expresses her constancy. The opera's title comes from a line spoken by Basilio in a trio which appears in an earlier opera by the same composer. At the end of Act I, a doctor uses a large magnet to cure a poisoning, but turns out to be the maid Despina in disguise. She later presides over the final marriage scene in which Ferrando and Guglielmo, dressed as Albanians, swap their wives, Dorabella and Fiordiligi, thus fulfilling a challenge issued by Don Alfonso. FTP, name this Mozart opera whose title translates as "So do they all."

Cosi Fan Tutte

A parody of The Arnolfini Wedding in which the woman is nude and looking at herself in a hand- mirror was painted in this style by the Stuckist Eamon Everall. A painting with a red background layered with orange, white and blue forms is by Stuart Davis and is titled Colonial this. Piet Mondrian's experimentation with the style of this movement resulted in numerous depictions of trees on gray backgrounds. This style was used by most members of the (*)) Section d'Or, which met at the home of Albert Gleizes, who collaborated on the first major text on this movement with Jean Metzinger. Juan Gris painted in the analytical form of this style. The name of this movement was coined after Louis Vauxcelles derided a painting titled Houses at l'Estaque. For ten points, name this movement that featured Georges Braques and Pablo Picasso.

Cubism

An artist from this movement reportedly beat up an art dealer at an auction of the massive Galerie Kahnweiler. The gigantic painting Harvest Threshing was shown at an exhibit dedicated to this movement named after the golden ratio. A painting called Tea Time was often hailed as this movement's Mona Lisa. Guillaume Apollinaire used the term "Orphism" to describe a school that responded to the lack of color in this movement's works, such as Still Life with Metronome and Houses at l'Estaque. Niels Bohr purchased a painting from this movement by Jean Metzinger, who co-wrote a treatise that described its dependence on non-Euclidean geometry. For 10 points, name this art movement that flourished in France under Georges Braque.

Cubism

Andre Salmon claimed that this art movement's founder saw foreign images as "rational" in an "Anecdotal History" of it. The "Rise" of this movement is the subject of a book by art collector Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler. This movement was accused of becoming a "decorative art" by Amédée Ozenfant and Le Corbusier, founders of the offshoot Purist movement. The first book on this movement was co-written by Jean (*)) Metzinger, whose painting Tea Time was dubbed the "Mona Lisa" of this movement. A pun on the name of this movement is used to refer to the style used in paintings such as Three Women by Fernand Léger. It's not Fauvism, but Louis Vauxcelles coined the name of this movement to mock its first painting, Houses at l'Estaque. This movement had analytic and synthetic phases. For 10 points, name this art movement founded by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.

Cubism

Louis Vauxcelles ("vox-ELL") unintentionally coined the term for this style while critiquing the painting Houses at L'Estaque. Max Weber painted Chinese Restaurant while working in the "Synthetic" form of this art style. Violin and Candlestick was painted by a developer of this style named Georges Braque. Another developer of this style painted five nude women wearing(*) African masks, as well as The Old Guitarist. For 10 points, name this artistic movement that included Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which used basic geometric shapes.

Cubism

One artist of this movement invented the papier collé technique and first used it for his work Fruit Dish and Glass. The Italian character Harlequin plays the guitar in a Juan Gris work from this movement's "crystal" form. One leader of this movement painted a portrait of Dora Maar in his work The Weeping Woman. An exhibition of Houses at L'Estaque by Georges (*) Braque prompted Louis Vauxcelles ("vo-SELL") to coin the term for this art movement. Five prostitutes adopt facial features of African masks in one work from this movement, Les Demoiselles D'Avignon. For 10 points, name this art movement pioneered by the artist of Guernica, Pablo Picasso.

Cubism

One of the founders of this art movement used pasted paper and charcoal in his collage Le Courrier. Another of its founders painted Nude in a Black Armchair and depicted jagged women with African masks in another painting. That founder of this movement showed five Barcelona (*)) prostitutes in the aforementioned painting, also created a work that uses a lightbulb and a bull to commemorate the bombing of a Basque city. For 10 points, name this movement to which the paintings Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and Guernica belong, which was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.

Cubism

The Czech branch of this movement included the sculptor Otto Guttfreund. One painter in this style, Fernand Léger, had his cylindrical shapes mocked by Louis Vauxcelles, who coined both "fauvism" and this term. Juan Gris painted a portrait of this movement's founder. It was strongly influenced by a painting depicting a small town beneath Mont Sainte-Victoire by Cezanne. Works like Still-life with Chair Caning and Three Musicians were part of its late "synthetic" school, dominated by the artist of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. For 10 points, name this artistic movement founded by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.

Cubism

The fascination with the golden ratio that one branch of this art movement felt led Jacques Villon to name them the Section d'Or. Frantisek Kupka was a Czech painter who was part of another offshoot of this movement that used bright colors called Orphism. Another painter from this movement, Juan Gris, founded its analytical variety. Several paintings named Man with a Guitar exemplified the styles of this movement, while two women wear African masks in a depiction of Barcelona prostitutes from this movement, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. For 10 points, name this art movement that included George Braque and Pablo Picasso, who used basic geometric shapes.

Cubism

The later years of this artistic movement produced the still-lifes of Juan Gris. Artists of this movement cut out everyday objects and pasted them on the canvas to create overlapping collages in its "synthetic" phase, which evolved out of its early "analytic" phase. This artistic movement used multiple perspectives to depict objects from many angles, and was pioneered by George Braque and Pablo Picasso. For 10 points, name this twentieth century art movement which breaks up objects and reassembles them into abstract three-dimensional forms.

Cubism

The paintings Houses at L'Estaque and Standing Nude, rejected from the Salon d'Automne in Paris, were the first to be described with this term, coined by the man who had named "Fauvism," Louis Vauxcelles. The British form of this movement spawned Vorticism, and its French founder created the "papier colle" collage method in which scraps of wallpaper, matchbooks and other objects in works attributed to this movement's "Synthetic" phase. Exemplified by works of Fernand Leger (le-zhair), FTP this is what early 20th-century art movement also associated with Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso?

Cubism

This art movement was heavily influenced by the late works of Paul Cézanne, such as the Mont Sainte-Victoire series. This art movement was divided into two phases: analytic and synthetic, the latter signifying the introduction of media such as collage. One member of this movement, (*) Juan Gris, painted in the "crystal" form of this movement, which emphasized an even simpler geometric structure. Georges Braque was the co-founder of, for 10 points, what art movement that fragmented different three-dimensional perspectives onto two-dimensional space and was co-led by Pablo Picasso?

Cubism

A member of this movement helped organize its "first international fair" after changing his name, in a protest against anti-British sentiment, to John Heartfield. The Blind Man and Everyman His Own Football were among the journals published by various subgroups of this movement. Another member of this movement added angular columns, sculptures, and other installations to his family house, calling the project the (*) Merzbau. Its manifesto was read out in a performance by Hugo Ball at the Cabaret Voltaire. Plays like The Gas Heart were created as part of this movement by Tristan Tzara, while a member of its New York group produced The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even and Fountain. For 10 points, name this art movement including Kurt Schwitters and Marcel Duchamp, which took its name from the French for "hobbyhorse".

Dadaism

Marsden Hartley wrote an essay entitled "The Importance of Being" this, and John Heartfield and was a founding members of one branch of this movement. Another man active in this movement gave his works the name "Merz," and became acquainted with it through the periodical "The Storm." In addition to Kurt Schwitters, participants in this movement included a man who created the satirical works entitled The Face of the Ruling Class, George Grosz, while Richard Huelsenbeck is responsible for founding its Berlin branch. Its practitioners in Cologne included Jean Arp and Max Ernst, while the magazine "391," started in Barcelona by Francis Picabia, also propagated its ideals. Founded in Hugo Ball's Cabaret Voltaire by a number of expatriate artists that include Tristan Tzara, for ten points, identify this absurdist artistic movement whose best known representative is probably Marcel Duchamp, and which takes its name from the French for "hobbyhorse."

Dadaism

One artist who participated in this movement made a satirical artwork that asks "Who is the prettiest of them all?" in his work Every Man is His Own Football. A different artwork in this movement depicts a city emerging from a dude's head and is called Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly. In addition to featuring members like John Heartfield and Hannah Hoch, this movement's member Emmy Hennings founded an institution dedicated to reciting things like Karawane and other sound poetry; that institution featured performances by Hugo Ball and was the Cabaret Voltaire. Another member of this movement is known for pieces like Hedgehog, which is a bottle rack, and often depicted himself as Rrose Sélavy. That member of this movement sketched a goatee onto a postcard in his L.H.O.O.Q. For 10 points, identify this avant-garde movement whose members included Marcel Duchamp.

Dadaism

This art movement published the journal The Blind Man, whose contributors included Henri-Pierre Loche, Mina Loy, and Beatrice Wood. The work The Mechanical Head was created by one member of its Berlin branch, Raoul Housmann. This art movement began at a nightclub called the Cabaret Voltaire, where Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings, and others convened. One work of this movement depicts images of hats linked by paint and outlined in pencil. That work is The Hat Makes the Man, by Max Ernst. Another work in this movement was a urinal signed "R. Mutt" named Fountain, created by Marcel Duchamp. FTP, name this post-WWI artistic movement founded in Zurich that is characterized by a deliberate irrationality in protest of the First World War.

Dadaism

In one of this artist's works an angel holds a bowl in her left hand and a palm sprig in her right, while another work features an angel surrounded by five columns who stretches her hand to welcome newcomers. In addition to The Spirit of Life and Beneficence, he collaborated with Edward Clark Potter to design a group of six gilded horses for a capital building in his series Progress of the State. This sculptor supposedly hid an owl among the folds of a statue of Minerva who stretches her arms towards Butler Library, and in another work a man holds a laurel-wreathed skull behind the central figure, who rests her hand on a book. In addition to Alma Mater and his series of four Continents, he designed the bronze doors for the Boston Public Library and a statue of a man with a rifle by the Concord River. For 10 points, identify this American sculptor who created the seated statue for the Lincoln Memorial and The Minute Man.

Daniel Chester French

One member of this artistic movement designed the Schroder House. Its leading architects were Gerrit Rietveld and Jacobus Oud. One artist of this movement painted Red Tree and Gray Tree, as well as Fox Trot, a lozenge painting with the canvas tilted 45 degrees. That artist split with Theo van Doesburg over the introduction of diagonals, instead preferring horizontal and vertical lines and primary colors, like in his depiction of taxi-clogged city streets in Broadway Boogie Woogie. For 10 points, name this Dutch artistic movement championed by Piet Mondrian.

De Stijl

This composer wrote a short A major fugue for piano that contains no vertical harmonic dissonances whatsoever. The Intermezzo fourth movement of this composer's piano quintet begins with a D minor duet for first violin and pizzicato cello. The Largo fourth movement of his best-known string quartet begins with the lower three instruments playing three quick, jarring chords over a quiet, sustained A-sharp in the first violin. A prelude and a fugue are the first two of five movements in this composer's Piano Quintet in (*)) G minor. His Piano Trio No. 2 in E minor introduces a Jewish-influenced theme that this composer reused for his five-movement String Quartet No. 8, which is in C minor and uses a DSCH motif intended to spell out his own name. This composer wrote fifteen string quartets and fifteen symphonies, the fifth of which was as a response to the denunciation of one of his operas by the Soviet regime. For 10 points, name this composer of the Leningrad Symphony.

Dmitra Shostakovich

The finale of this composer's Piano Trio No. 2 includes an oom-pah ostinato alternating between E-major and D sharp dominant-seventh chords. One symphony by this composer quotes the song "You Fell a Victim" in its third movement, a funeral march in G minor titled "Eternal Memory." This man was the subject of a possibly fraudulent1979 memoir titled Testimony, and was attacked in the article "Muddle Instead of Music." This composer of a symphony subtitled "The Year 1905" used the motive E-A-E-D-A to represent Elmira Nazirova in his Symphony No. 10 in E minor. Another symphony by him was inspired by the Nazi invasion of a certain city and features a 22-bar snare drum "invasion theme." For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of the "Leningrad" Symphony.

Dmitri Shostakovich

The third movement of a symphony by this composer begins with violas playing incessant marcatissimo quarter notes alone for 16 bars in cut time in E minor. Mussorgsky's Songs and Dances of Death inspired a symphony by this composer in which a soprano and bass sing lyrics by García Lorca and Rilke. The first movement of a symphony by this composer opens with the strings dramatically playing rising and falling (*) minor sixths and ends with a chromatic celesta solo. A symphony by this composer uses the motif E A E D A to represent one of his students, Elmira Nazirova. This composer used a snare drum ostinato in an "invasion theme," and he subtitled a symphony "the creative reply of a Soviet artist to justified criticism." For 10 points, name this composer of the Leningrad Symphony.

Dmitri Shostakovich

This composer considered using the label "symphony-grotesque" for the Symphony No. 1 in F minor he completed at age 19. This composer's friends in the Beethoven Quartet asked him to write a quartet with a piano part so that he could travel with them, resulting in his Piano Quintet in G minor. The Beethoven Quartet also premiered all but two of this man's fifteen string quartets, including his (*) eighth, which uses his monogram "D, E-flat, C, B" and is dedicated to "victims of fascism and war." After being rebuked for "formalist" tendencies by an article in Pravda, this composer wrote his Symphony No. 5 in response to "justified criticism" of his opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk. For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of the "Leningrad" symphony.

Dmitri Shostakovich

This composer's first symphony includes oboe and cello solos and quotes from Wagner's Siegfried in its Lento third movement. Leonard Bernstein referred to this composer's ninth symphony as "anti-ninth" because of its lighthearted quality. This composer used a (*) D-E Flat-C-B motif to depict himself in both his tenth symphony and eighth string quartet. This composer described his fifth symphony as an "artist's response to justified criticism" after Stalin denounced his opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District. For 10 points, name this 20th century Russian composer of the Leningrad Symphony.

Dmitri Shostakovich

A rarely performed scene in this opera sees a character try to sweet talk another with the aria "Per queste tue manine." In the last scene before the final ensemble in this opera, that character in this opera complains about hearing the aria "Non piu andrai" all the time. In another scene in this opera, Zerlina ties a character to a chair before going off to find (*) Masetto. In the catalogue aria, Leporello describes to Donna Elvira the many lovers of the title character of this opera, who is dragged to hell by the Commendatore. For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart about a Spanish seducer.

Don Giovanni

An aria from this opera abruptly shifts from 2/4 ("two-four") to 6/8 ("six-eight") time after two characters sing the word "Andiam!" ("on-dee-AHM") together. This opera's overture imitates the beginning of Gluck's Alceste by beginning with a loud tutti chord, followed by crashing syncopated chords in the violins and violas; that D minor overture transitions without pause into an aria in which a man describes working "night and day." Frédéric Chopin's set of variations on an (*) aria from this opera inspired Robert Schumann to exclaim "Hats off, gentlemen - a genius!" A woman in this opera begs her husband to stop leading an angry mob in "Batti, batti, o bel Masetto." In this opera, the duet "Là ci darem la mano" ("LAH chee dah-REM lah MAH-noh") is sung by Zerlina and the title character, who is dragged to hell in Act III. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about a womanizer.

Don Giovanni

An explication of the stagework this character appears in claims that "his passion sets the passions of all others in motion" because he is "not character but essentially life" and is "absolutely musical." The creator of the work he titles is compared to Moliére and Phidias in the preface to a book-length essay by Charles Gounod. This man is "heard through [another character]" in a section that claims "in winter he likes fat ones" and "in summer he likes thin ones," according to a chapter titled "The Immediate Stages of the Erotic." In an oft-analyzed scene, this character is surrounded by demons after he responds "No" every time he is commanded "Repent!" by a statue. The German version of the work in which this man appears includes Elvira in the 1,003 Spanish women listed as this man's conquests in the "Catalogue Aria". For 10 points, name this seducer who titles an opera by Mozart.

Don Giovanni

During a masked ball in the final scene of this opera's Act I, the orchestra plays a minuet in 3/4 time as two onstage ensembles simultaneously play a "contradance" in 2/4 time and a waltz in 3/8 time. A peasant wedding in this opera features a duettino whose two singers come together on the words "Let's go, let's go, my love!" In this opera, Anna and Elvira swear vengeance on the title character, who sings the duet "Là ci darem la mano" with Zerlina and has his sexual exploits recounted in Leporello's "Catalogue Aria." At the end of this opera, the title character is dragged to hell by a statue of the Commendatore, whom he murdered at the start of the opera. For 10 points, name this Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart opera about a seducer.

Don Giovanni

In the Vienna production of this opera, the aria "per queste tue manine" is added to a low comedy scene where a woman threatens a servant with a razor. That woman sings the aria "La ci darem la mano" with the protagonist. In addition to trying to woo Zerlina, the protagonist organizes a (*) party in his "Champagne Aria." In the "Catalogue Aria," the servant Leporello recounts the romantic conquests of his master. That titular character is dragged to hell by a statue of the Commendatore at the end of this opera. For 10 points, name this opera, written by Mozart, about the title Spanish womanizer.

Don Giovanni

In this opera's finale, one character says "I know that one all too well" when a series of opera excerpts ends with a quote from its composer's previous opera. One character in this opera is unusually accompanied by three trombones, and his final appearance coincides with the reappearance of the crashing syncopated chords from the beginning of the overture. This opera's final act includes a simulation of three dance orchestras tuning up as they play three dances at the same time. This opera's title character sings the brief (*)) "Fin ch'han dal vino" ("feen con dahl veeno"). In this opera, Don Ottavio vows vengeance after figuring out who murdered Donna Anna's father. The title character of this opera sings "LÃ ci darem la mano" ("LAH chee dahREM la MAHnoh") with Zerlina, as well as the "Champagne Aria." Its title character's conquests are listed in the "Catalogue Aria" by Leporello. In this opera's finale, the title character is dragged into hell after a statue of the Commendatore comes to life. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about a seducer.

Don Giovanni

In this opera, a soft timpani roll underlies a shift from B-flat major to the mediant of G major during the sextet "Sola, sola in buio loco." This opera's final sextet, "Questo è il fin di chi fa mal" (KWESS-toh EH eel FEEN dee KEE fah MALL), which delivers the moral, was cut in most 19th-century productions. At a dinner scene in this opera, a character claims to be sick of constantly hearing the composer's earlier "Non più andrai" (known pyoo ahn-DRY). In this opera's aria "Il mio tesoro," Don (*) Ottavio swears to avenge the murder of Donna Anna's father. Its title character woos Masetto's betrothed Zerlina in the aria "Là ci darem la mano" (LA chee dah-REM la MAH-no), and Leporello recounts its title character's sexual conquests in the "Catalogue Aria." For 10 points, name this Mozart opera that ends with a statue of the commendatore dragging the title seducer to hell.

Don Giovanni

The Peter Sellars staging of this opera depicts the main character as a drug dealer in the South Bronx. The duet "La cì darem mano," or "There we will give our hands" is sung in this opera between the main character and Zerlina, though they are interrupted by the angry Donna Elvira. (*) The servant Leporello sings the Catalogue Aria in this opera, describing a man who had earlier murdered the Commendatore after trying to seduce Donna Anna. A stone statue ultimately drags the title character of this opera to hell. For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart about a villainous seducer of women.

Don Giovanni

This opera was the basis for Franz Liszt's Réminiscences, and a set of variations on a duet from this opera was ecstatically reviewed by Robert Schumann, catapulting Frédéric Chopin to prominence. An aria from this opera, which was written for Prague, begins with the bass singing "Madamina." This opera's title man sings "Là ci darem la mano" [LAH chee dah-REM lah MAH-noh] with Zerlina, and it includes the (*) "Champagne" and "Catalogue" arias. It opens with the title man trying to rape Donna Anna as Leporello keeps watch. This opera ends with the title character being dragged to hell after the Commendatore's statue comes to life. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about a Spanish seducer.

Don Giovanni

This opera's overture opens with two foreboding D-minor chords played by every instrument except the trombones. The 22nd of Beethoven's Diabelli Variations parodies this opera's opening aria, in which a character complains how "night and day [he slaves] away" for his master. The protagonist of this opera serenades Zerlina in the aria ""Là ci darem la mano." In its last scene, the ghost of Il Commendatore shows up at the protagonist's house to accept his dinner invitation. During this opera's "Catalogue Aria," Leporello tells Donna Elvira that his master has seduced 1003 women in Spain alone. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about a womanizer who is dragged to hell.

Don Giovanni

A man plays a viol in the central arch of this artist's depiction of the Feast of Herod for the baptismal font of Florence Cathedral. His other works for that cathedral include sculptures of a seated St. John the Evangelist and other prophets, of which the most famous is nicknamed Zuccone. In addition to that depiction of the prophet Habakkuk, he created a bronze equestrian statue of the general Erasmo of Narni in Padua. On the bottom of his most famous work, the first freestanding nude since antiquity, a helmeted head contrasts with the title figure's nudity. For 10 points, name this Renaissance artist of Gattamelata and a bronze David.

Donatello

A small sculpture by this man depicts a winged putto with a faun's tail wearing what look like chaps, exposing his rear end and genitals. Padua's Piazza del Santo is home to a sculpture by this man in which one figure rests a hoof on a small sphere representing the world. His Atys is currently held in the Bargello along with his depiction of St. George, which like his St. Mark was originally sculpted for a niche of the (*) Orsanmichele. The equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius inspired this man's depiction of Erasmo da Narni. The central figure holds a large sword and rests his foot on a helmeted head in a sculpture by this artist that was the first freestanding male nude produced since antiquity. For 10 points, name this Florentine sculptor of Gattamelata and that bronze David.

Donatello

A work by this artist in the Siena Cathedral shows the presentation of the severed head of John the Baptist to Salome in The Feast of Herod. Another work by this artist, which is in the Piazza del Santo in Padua, is an equestrian sculpture depicting Erasmo da Narni, who was also known as the "Honeyed Cat" or "Gattamelata." Another sculpture by this artist shows its title figure leaning on a sword while standing nude over the head of Goliath. For 10 points, name this sculptor who created a bronze statue of David.

Donatello

One statue by this man shows angels in battle armor on one of its reliefs, which in turn sits on top of a pair of false doors symbolizing the entry to the underworld. He used white poplar for his depiction of a woman with her hands folded in prayer, which Vasari called an example of perfect anatomy; that work is the Penitent Magdalene. He depicted the condottieri (*)) Erasmo of Narni in another work. Another work by him shows a man placing his hand in a fold of his toga; that realistic work was commissioned for the bell tower of the Florence Cathedral and depicts a bald prophet. Another of his works shows a man with his hand resting on his hip holding a sword in his right, naked except for a cap and shoes and standing on a decapitated head. For 10 points, name this renaissance sculptor who created the Gattamelata, a statue of Habakkuk called Zuccone, and a bronze depiction of David.

Donatello

One work by this artist has the reverse side hollowed out so that replicas could be created by pouring in molten glass, and is called Virgin and Child with Four Angels. This artist was influenced by Eastern Orthodox icons of Mary of Egypt to create an unnaturally emaciated wooden sculpture in the Penitent (*) Magdalene. One of his most iconic sculptures depicts the condottieri Erasmo of Narni riding a horse that balances a hoof on a cannonball. This artist created the first nude male sculpture of the Renaissance, the subject of which stands victorious with a sword over the head of Goliath. For 10 points, name this sculptor of Gattamelata and a bronze David.

Donatello

The texture of ragged hair matches the texture of the ragged dress in this artist's wooden sculpture, Magdalene Penitent. The tomb of Antipope John XXIII was co-designed by him with his mentor, Michelozzo. This artist designed marble statues of St. John and St. Mark to stand in the exterior niches of the Orsanmichele. His equestrian statue of the condotierro Erasmo da Narni stands in the Piazza del Santo in Padua. He depicted the title biblical figure naked except for a helmet, with a down-pointed sword, and a foot on Goliath's head. For 10 points, this is what Renaissance sculptor of Gattamaleta and a bronze David?

Donatello

This artist created a work whose realistic quality caused him to say, "Speak, damn you!" An early work created by this artist was a depiction of the Feast of Herod for the baptistry of the Siena Cathedral. This sculptor of Zuccone created a monument in Padua to Erasmo da Narni, his equestrian statue Gattamelata. A work by this man is a feminized portrayal of a Biblical hero who leans on his sword while standing over the head of his enemy. For 10 points, name this Florentine sculptor whose works include a bronze David.

Donatello

This artist included depictions of the three Virtues in his design for the tomb of Antipope John XIII. He supposedly yelled "Speak!" at a bald statue he made of Habakkuk, which was nicknamed Zuccone and is located outside the Orsanmichelle. An unusually haggard wooden depiction of the title woman comprises this artist's Magdalene Penitent. This man sculpted an (*) equestrian statue of Erasmo da Narni, who was nicknamed the Honeyed Cat, or Gattamelata, while his best known work shows the title figure holding the sword of Goliath. For 10 points, name this Renaissance sculptor, whose version of the David is bronze.

Donatello

This artist included the Cossa coat of arms and allegorical depictions of three virtues in a tomb he designed with his mentor Michelozzo. Another work by this sculptor of the Tomb of Antipope John XXIII depicts a haggard woman in prayer with folded hands. This artist placed a statue of the prophet Habbakuk nicknamed "Zuccone" outside of the Orsanmichele, the site of several of his sculptures. This man's (*) equestrian statue of Erasmo da Narni is named Gattemelatta. This artist created a more feminine version of a biblical figure leaning on his sword while stepping on his deceased foe's head. For 10 points, name this Florentine sculptor of a bronze David.

Donatello

This man designed a distorted statue of Saint Mark, meant to be viewed in a raised niche of the Orsanmichele. Vasari called this man's depiction of Mary Magdalene flawless, and the nickname Zuccone, meaning "pumpkin," is given to his bald sculpture of the prophet Habakkuk. Another of his sculptures rests on a pedestal with two carvings symbolizing the gates of the underworld, and shows (*) Erasmo da Narni atop his horse. This artist is most famous for a work which was the first free-standing nude since antiquity, depicting a contrapposto man leaning on his sword with a head at his feet. For ten points, name this Florentine sculptor of Gattamelata and a bronze David.

Donatello

This man used a square box with reliefs on each of its four sides as the base for his depiction of Judith beheading Holofernes. He depicted a sick, ragged woman in his wooden sculpture Penitent Magdalene, and his statue of Habacuc was nicknamed Zuccone due to its bald head. One of this sculptor's works is located outside the Basilica of St. Anthony, and features a spurred Erasmo da Narni. Another one of his works is considered the first freestanding male nude made since antiquity, and features an effeminate young man holding a sword while standing over the head of his enemy. For 10 points, name this Renaissance sculptor of the equestrian Gattamelata and a bronze statue of David.

Donatello

In a painting based on this artist's work, Francis Bacon showed a woman and a child balancing on a thin, circular racetrack. In 2010, the Corcoran Gallery of Art displayed the first retrospective of this artist, titled "Helios," a pen name that he used to sign his landscapes. A series by this artist inspired the composition of Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase. This artist pioneered methods that were employed by Étienne-Jules Marey using a "gun" he focused on animals. At the behest of Leland Stanford, this artist quickly displayed a series of images of Sallie Gardner with his invention, the zoopraxiscope. For 10 points, name this photographer who showed that horses temporarily lift all four limbs off the ground.

Eadweard Muybridge

This person, who signed early works as Helios, suffered from erratic behavior that may have been brought on by brain injuries from head trauma suffered from a horrific runaway stagecoach accident. The disputed paternity of this person's son, Florado Helios, led this person to murder Major Harry Larkyns, but he was not punished because his case marked the last time that an admitted murderer was freed on (*)) "justifiable homicide" in California. He used trip wires to depict Sallie Gardner in an experiment commissioned by Leland Stanford. For 10 points, name this man who invented the zoopraxiscopeto put to rest the vexing problem of how many legs a horse had on the ground while galloping.

Eadweard Muybridge

Marcel Duchamp poses for this man in the painting Sunday Afternoon in the Country by Florine Stettheimer, though a much clearer portrait is seen in Fred Holland Day's 1901 picture of him. His Road to Victory and Power in the Pacific exhibitions helped memorialize the Pacific campaign in World War II, and he won an Oscar for his propaganda documentary for the navy entitled The Fighting Lady. His work in other genres included a 1905 iconic atmospheric depiction of the Flatiron Building, as well as a large-scale 1955 exhibition with an accompanying book and introduction by his brother-in-law Carl Sandburg. For 10 points, name this man who organized the Family of Man exhibit at MOMA, a photographer who co-founded the Photo Secession movement with Alfred Steiglitz.

Edward Steichen

Congress pretty much screwed this guy when they funded a competition to design a Smithsonian museum of modern art but then refused to fund his winning design. This architect collaborated with Alexander Girard and Dan Kiley on a house in Columbus, Indiana, whose living room features a square, recessed "conversation pit." An airport designed by this man features concourses not directly connected to the main terminal; instead, he designed a system of [*] "mobile lounges" to service them. Another terminal he designed features purple-tinted glass walls below two wing-like concrete shells. This designer of Dulles International Airport also created the TWA Terminal at JFK. For 10 points, name this Finnish architect, the son of Eliel.

Eero Saarinen

One of this architect's buildings is a brick cylinder with lights streaming down from an aperture in the roof. That chapel is located at MIT, where he also designed a building modeled after one-eighth of a sphere titled Kresge Auditorium. This architect who created the futuristic (*) Tulip Chair used a thin-shell concrete roof in the design of the roof of the TWA terminal at JFK airport. He employed a curved concrete roof in his design of Dulles Airport, while his best known work stands 636 feet tall on the banks of the Mississippi. For 10 points name this designer of the St. Louis Gateway Arch, a Finnish architect.

Eero Saarinen

This architect designed a Modernist home featuring skylights and glass walls, the Miller House and Garden in Indiana. This man also designed a hockey rink with the shape of a whale in addition to a residential college near Morse College built with rubble masonry. This architect of the Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles College at Yale University designed the Kresge Auditorium at MIT. Other designs of his include the TWA Flight Center at the John F. Kennedy International Airport and the tallest monument in the United States, which is in the shape of a catenary. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect, the designer of the St. Louis Gateway Arch.

Eero Saarinen

This man employed a double-curve form and a reinforced concrete arch in his design of the Ingalls Ice Rink on the campus of Yale University. He designed Knoll's first major hit product, sometimes called "pedestal." This architect's thin-shell concrete buildings include the Kresge Auditorium at MIT. He created the headquarters of CBS, John Deere, IBM, and GM. He created the the main (*)) terminal of Dulles and the TWA flight center at JFK. He is best-known for an inverse catenary-shaped structure representing westward expansion in the United States. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect who designed the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.

Eero Saarinen

With Florence Knoll, this man designed a building alternatively known as "The Black Rock." He placed thin slits in the otherwise windowless brick cylinder to let light into one building, and he experimented with floating acoustic "clouds" in another. This architect of the MIT Chapel and Kresge Auditorium also incorporated wing-like structures in the TWA Flight Center at JFK International Airport and designed the Washington Dulles Airport. Equilateral triangles form the two bases of another of this man's designs, an inverted catenary curve on the west bank of the Mississippi River. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect of the St. Louis Gateway Arch.

Eero Saarinen

With his father and Robert Swansen, this man created a firm in Bloomfield, Illinois that carried out the design of his Miller House in Columbus, Indiana. His only skyscraper is the CBS Building in New York. This man created a work for the Knoll Company that was made famous through its use in Star Trek. In addition to the "Tulip Chair", this man created a curved dome for a building at MIT, the Kresge Auditorium. This man designed the TWA Terminal at JFK International Airport as well as the Washington Dulles International Airport. For 10 points, name the Finnish architect who designed the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.

Eero Saarinen

A history by Mitchell Pacelle details Hideki Yokoi's obsession with buying this building, including his betrayal by his daughter and the legal battle between Leona Helmsley and Donald Trump over it. This building is unusual because all four of its facades are visible from the street. It was designed by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, who originally intended its (*)) spire to serve as a mooring mast for airships. In 1945, a B-25 crashed into this building on a foggy day. With the backing of Al Smith, it surpassed 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler Building in an intense race for the title of world's tallest building, a record it would hold for over thirty years. For 10 points, name this Art-Deco New York City landmark.

Empire State Building

On her way to this place, Deborah Kerr's character is struck by a car in the film An Affair to Remember. Andy Warhol's print Suicide (Fallen Body) uses a note from an individual who jumped from this building. This building's colored floodlights illuminate its highest floors in various colors depending on the occasion. It has observation decks on its (*)) eighty-sixth and one hundred and second floors. This building's spire was originally designed as a mooring point for dirigibles. It was designed by Shreve, Lamb, and Harmon. For 10 points, name this Art Deco skyscraper, the tallest building in New York until the completion of the World Trade Center.

Empire State Building

One director noted that footage of this location was "a--uh--pornographic movie," and that footage was produced at the suggestion of John Palmer with help from Jonas Mekas. A film of this place was slowed down from (+) 24 frames per second to 16, as part of an effort by the director to "see time go by." The sun sets at the beginning of a long film about this place that makes major use of floodlights and accompanied the director's previous film (*) Sleep. In addition to being the focus of an eight-hour Andy Warhol film, Annie travels to this building after nine-year old Jonah goes on a radio program to find his father a new wife. Meg Ryan's character writes to Tom Hanks that they should meet at this building for Valentine's Day in Sleepless in Seattle. For 10 points, name this New York skyscraper that frequently gets blown up in disaster movies.

Empire State Building

Roy Sparkia and Renee Nemorov created the "Eight Wonders of the World" exhibition in the north corridor of this building's lobby. Its spire was augmented by a radio antenna in 1952, and was originally intended for use as a dirigible dock. This Art Deco skyscraper marked the death of Fay Wray by turning off its signature floodlights, and it surpassed the nearby (*)) Chrysler Building as the tallest in the world when it was completed in 1931. For 10 points, King Kong climbed this building, the tallest skyscraper in New York City.

Empire State Building

The design for this building was inspired by John Jacob Raskob standing a pencil on end. In 1945, a B-25 bomber crashed into this building, and this building's roof only saw one instance of its intended use as a zeppelin dock. This William Lamb-designed building features floodlights which were darkened to commemorate Fay Wray's death, and it bested the nearby (*)) Chrysler Building in a competition for "tallest in the world". For 10 points, identify this iconic skyscraper in Manhattan.

Empire State Building

n her way to this place, Deborah Kerr's character is struck by a car in the film An Affair to Remember. Andy Warhol's print Suicide (Fallen Body) uses a note from an individual who jumped from this building. This building's colored floodlights illuminate its highest floors in various colors depending on the occasion. It has observation decks on its (*)) eighty-sixth and one hundred and second floors. This building's spire was originally designed as a mooring point for dirigibles. It was designed by Shreve, Lamb, and Harmon. For 10 points, name this Art Deco skyscraper, the tallest building in New York until the completion of the World Trade Center.

Empire State Building

This architect designed a brick building to which the sculptor Theodore Roszak added an aluminum spire and bell tower. Another of his buildings is raised on a circular brick platform while the roof curves down to the ground at three equidistant points, forming an eighth-sphere. Those are the (*) MIT Chapel and the Kresge Auditorium. Mobile lounges are employed to move visitors between this architect's Dulles airport terminals, which make use of his iconic catenary curves. His most prominent use of a catenary curve is visible in the tallest accessible building in Missouri. For 10 points, name this architect of the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.

Erro Saarinen

This architect's last building is a church shaped as a hexagon, which is topped by a spire rising above an oculus that lets light fall onto the altar. Dan Kiley designed the landscape surrounding the house this man built for architecture patron J. Irwin Miller in Columbus, Ohio. The "Jetsons Lounge" appears in a curved dorm he designed for Vassar called the Noyes House, and he completed the design of the General Motors Technical Center, taking over from his (*)) father. This architect designed a concert hall whose roof is shaped as one-eighth of a sphere using his characteristic thin-shell concrete structure. This architect designed the Kresge Auditorium at MIT and the TWA Terminal, but his best-known work is a flattened catenary curve. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect who designed Dulles International Airport and the Gateway Arch in St. Louis.

Erro Saarinen

This man's works in Columbus, Indiana included a hexagonal building with a tall spire on top called the North Christian Church and the Miller House. He used reinforced concrete for the "spine" of a building that is nicknamed "The Whale." In addition to Yale's Ingalls Rink, this man also designed a building with a curved roof suspended by diagonal supports; that work also features a pagoda-like control tower. This designer of MIT's Kresge Auditorium and the main terminal at Dulles Airport is best known for designing the tallest monument in the United States along the Mississippi River. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect of St. Louis's Gateway Arch.

Erro Saarinen

A precursor of this movement who taught many of its artists created the "push and pull" theory and works such as Pompeii and The Golden Wall. An artist from this movement is known for a formal feature called the "zip." Artists from this movement who protested the exhibit "American Painting Today" were dubbed "The Irascibles." Hans Hofmann and (*) Franz Kline were members of this art movement alongside an artist who painted a four-canvas series titled after the three colors it repeatedly uses, Who's Afraid of Red, Yellow, and Blue. Another artist from this movement is best known for his Woman series. Lee Krasner belonged to this movement, as did her husband, who painted Number 5, 1948 and was known as "the Dripper." For 10 points, what art movement did Barnett Newman, Willem de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock belong to?

Expressionism

After seeing a one-man show, Grace Hartigan started producing paintings in this style such as Ninth Street. Hedda Sterne was the only woman included in a noted photo of members of this art movement. Pink and white hues dominate City Landscape, one of Joan Mitchell's masterpieces in this style. Robert Hughes argues that the first painting to fully realize the goals of this movement was a six-meter wide canvas commissioned for Peggy (*) Guggenheim's apartment. An alcoholic leader of this movement often painted his canvases directly on the floor in a process captured by Hans Namuth. That member of this movement was married to Lee Krasner and created such paintings as Autumn Rhythm and Lavender Mist. For 10 points, name this art movement exemplified by Jackson Pollock.

Expressionism

An artist from this movement drew from Wallace Stevens's "Domination of the Black" to title a painting of a jagged green tree, Hemlock. An artist from the second wave of this movement painted graffiti-like lines of poetry such as "The Light Only Reaches Halfway" in a series titled Oranges, and tried to combat gender bias by exhibiting under the name "George Hartigan." An artist from this movement broke with the "push-pull" approach of her teacher Hans Hofmann to paint the Little Images. Joan Mitchell was part of this movement, as was an artist who poured turpentine-thinned paint out of coffee cans over a charcoal sketch to create the first example of the (*)) "soak stain" technique, Mountains and Sea. A female artist from this movement influenced her husband while they lived on Long Island until his death in an alcohol-related car crash in 1956. For 10 points, name this movement of Helen Frankenthaler and Lee Krasner, the wife of Jackson Pollock.

Expressionism

An essay discusses the "Christian Science"-like "weak mysticism" of this artistic movement, labeling its "decorative" aspects as producing "apocalyptic wallpaper." A critic curated a LACMA exhibit for a successor to this movement featuring John Ferren and Jules Olitski titled for a Wölfflinian ("vulf-LIN-ee-in") term opposing the "linear." Michel Tapié ("top-YAY") popularized it in France, where it was called Art Informel ("ann-for-MEL"). Eighteen artists in this movement protesting the exhibit "American Painting Today" stood for a Life magazine photo titled (*) "The Irascibles." Peggy Guggenheim's Art of This Century gallery exhibited European Surrealists with members of this American movement such as Clyfford Still and Ad Reinhardt. Post-painterly abstraction succeeded this movement written about by Harold Rosenberg and Clement Greenberg. The gestural branch of this movement included Franz Kline and Robert Motherwell, while artists like Barnett Newman painted expanses of color. For 10 points, name this movement including color field and action painting, with artists like Willem de Kooning and Jackson Pollock.

Expressionism

Eighteen exponents of this art movement were depicted as "The Irascibles" in a photograph by Nina Leen after they signed an open letter attacking the exhibit American Painting Today. Many painters in this movement learned from the artist of The Gate, Hans Hofmann. Clement Greenberg promoted this movement in his writings for the Partisan Review. One exemplar of this movement was inspired by Stone Age fertility goddesses in painting his Woman Series, while another painted Full Fathom Five and energetically flung paint at a canvas to create Autumn Rhythm and Lavendar Mist. For 10 points, name this avant-garde art movement exemplified by Willem de Kooning and Jackson Pollock.

Expressionism

Harold Rosenberg helped popularize this art movement. Franz Kline's Mahoning is a prime example of a technique used by many members of this movement, known as "action painting." One artist from this movement showed the title person in various colored dresses and "with a bicycle" in his Woman Series. Willem (*) de Kooning was a member of this movement, whose founder married Lee Krasner and created such works as Full Fathom Five and Lavender Mist. For 10 points, name this post World War II artistic movement that included Jackson Pollock.

Expressionism

Many artists in this movement studied under the former Bauhaus professor Josef (YO-sef) Albers at Black Mountain College. Helen Frankenthaler used the soak-stain technique while working in a branch of this movement. When he learned that they would be hung in a restaurant instead of the lobby, an artist from this movement refused to complete a series of murals for New York's Seagram Building. Hans (*) Namuth (NAY-mith) photographed an artist from this movement in the process of "action painting," which was used to create works like Lavender Mist. For 10 points, name this American art movement of artists like Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock.

Expressionism

In one work by an artist from this movement, a small black animal can be seen by the left leg of the title woman whose face is completely obscured by a black and white plumed hat. In another work by an artist from this movement, the silhouettes of various vehicles can be seen crossing the title, curved structure in London. That member of this movement also created multiple depictions of the town of Cagnes ["CAHN-yeh"]. A third artist from this movement arranged colored rectangles into a spiral shape in (*)) The Snail, one of his many cut-outs. That artist from this movement also depicted his wife Amelie in works like the Woman with a Hat. The birth of this movement is traced to the 1905 Autumn Salon, after which critic Louis Vauxcelles coined this movement's name. For 10 points, name this movement exemplified by the works of Andre Derain and Henri Matisse.

Fauvism

One artist from this movement painted yachts preparing for a race on the French Riviera, Regatta at Cowes. Another artist from this movement is known for four depictions of the River Thames, including one in which five blue boats float below a train on Charing Cross Bridge. Including Raoul Dufy and Andre Derain, this movement got its name after the Salon d'Automne, which Louis Vauxcelles described with the phrase "Donatello among the wild beasts". For 10 points, name this early 20th century art movement which emphasized vivid colors and was led by Henri Matisse.

Fauvism

One member of this movement painted Man With a Pipe and At the Bar. Another artist in this style demonstrated it in The Electricity Fairy and Regatta at Cowes. Maurice Vlaminck and Raoul Dufy were members of this movement, which was named by critic Louis Vauxcelles, who dubbed the painters of this school the (*)) "wild beasts." The most prominent member of this style used it to show five nude women holding hands in a circle in The Dance. For 10 points, identify this painting style, which was characterized by assertive colors and practiced by Henri Matisse.

Fauvism

One painting in this style depicts distorted vehicles traveling across the Charing Cross Bridge. Camille Mauclair claimed of this style, "A pot of paint has been flung in the face of the public." One of its leaders was Andre Derain, and this group's works surrounded a sculpture by Albert Marque at the 1905 Salon d'Automne, prompting Louis (*)) Vauxcelles to claim that the sculpture appeared like "Donatello among wild beasts." For 10 points, name this early twentieth-century art movement that emphasized bright, vivid color and was led by Henri Matisse.

Fauvism

One work from this movement depicts a green city in the background over water divided into red, yellow, and blue sections. In addition to Charing Cross Bridge by Andre Derain, one painting from this movement depicts a dark-haired woman in red with a stripe down her face, while another depicts nudes laying in a yellow field with a pink tree at the right. Exemplified by the paintings The Green Line and The Joy of Life, for 10 points, identify this art movement that took its name from the French for "wild beasts" and was led by Henri Matisse.

Fauvism

A 3/8 scherzo by this composer uses the rhythmic motif of LONG, short, short, short, short, LONG, LONG, LONG. Gustav, Prince of Vasa was the dedicatee of this composer's three opus 44 string quartets, while another one of his string quartets uses the song "Ist es wahr" as a cyclic motif. In a work by this composer, trumpets play short, short, short, long C's before the same rhythm builds up a C-major chord. This composer was influenced by a Beethoven cantata about a Goethe poem to write (*) Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage. A suite by this composer includes the vocal numbers "Through this house give glimmering light" and "Ye Spotted Snakes." This composer's trips to the British Isles led to his composition of the Scottish Symphony and the Hebrides overture. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote incidental music to Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream and the Italian Symphony.

Felix Mendelssohn

A piece by this composer that quotes the Hallelujah Chorus in its final Presto movement was partly inspired by the Walpurgis night from Faust. That piece by this composer opens Allegro moderato ma con fuoco in the key of E-flat major and contains a celebrated Allegro leggierissimo scherzo. A concerto by this composer uses the allegro, high theme (read slowly) "long B B long B G E long E B" to open the Allegro molto appassionato first movement, which is unusually not introduced by an orchestral tutti. This creator of 12 string symphonies claimed that aforementioned theme gave him "no peace." At age 16, he wrote a piece played by a double quartet; part of that string octet is sometimes used in a symphony he wrote for the birthday of his sister Fanny. For 10 points, name this composer of an E minor violin concerto, also known for the wedding march from his incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Felix Mendelssohn

A piece published after this composer's death as his Symphony No. 2 is a "symphony-cantata" that sets Biblical passages to words in 11 movements. This composer of Lobgesang. A symphony by this composer opens in pianissimo with a six-note motif traditional in the Saxon Service, the "Dresden Amen" - that symphony by him quotes the hymn "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God," a hymn by Martin Luther, in its final movement. This man composed the "Reformation" symphony, as well as a famous "Wedding March" and Puck's valedictory to accompany a certain play. For 10 points, name this composer of incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Felix Mendelssohn

In 1952, Yehudi Menuhin resurrected this non-Schumann composer's early D minor violin concerto. This composer instructs the bassoon to hold a B to link the first two movements of another concerto. The soloist enters after just two bars of orchestral introduction with a theme that gave this composer "no peace" in that concerto in E minor. A "Spinner's Song" appears alongside three separate Venetian boat songs in this composer's collection Songs without Words. For 10 points, name this German Romantic composer of incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream, which includes his famous "Wedding March."

Felix Mendelssohn

In his String Quartet No. 2 in A minor, this composer used his own song "Ist es wahr?" (IST us VARR) as a cyclic motif. The scherzo of Brahms's Piano Sonata No. 3 quotes this composer's Piano Trio No. 2 in C minor, whose own finale quotes "Old Hundredth." In Elgar's 13th Enigma Variation, *** (triple asterisk), a soft timpani roll plays while a clarinet quotes this composer's overture Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage. This composer quoted "And he shall reign forever" from Messiah in the fast 8-part fugue of an E-flat major chamber piece written at 16. The finale of his Fifth Symphony opens with a flute quoting Luther's hymn "Ein feste Burg," while its first movement uses the "Dresden Amen." For 10 points, name this composer of a String Octet and the Reformation Symphony.

Felix Mendelssohn

The finale of a symphony by this composer begins with a decrescendo, followed by the flutes playing a melody marked leggiero ("lej-JEH-roh") over eighth note string triplets. This man said that he created a "blue sky in A major" with a symphony that is the first in the standard repertoire to start in major, but end in a minor key. The Andante con moto second movement of that symphony by this composer, according to Ignaz Moscheles ("EEG-nots MOH-sheh-les"), draws on a Czech pilgrims' song. To create an alternative third movement for his Symphony No. 1 in C minor, this composer orchestrated the scherzo ("SKAIRT-so") of his E-flat string octet. The finale of this man's Fourth Symphony includes a saltarello and tarantella, which are dances from the country that symphony is usually named after. For 10 points, name this composer of "Italian" and "Scottish" symphonies who wrote incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Felix Mendelssohn

The first movement of this composer's violin concerto opens with the theme B-B-B-G-E-E-B, which gave him "no peace". That E-minor movement is titled "Allegro molto appassionato". In addition to (*) Octet in E-flat major, this composer wrote a symphony for the 300th anniversary of the Lutheran Church. This composer was influenced by Bach while writing his biblical oratorios, St. Paul and Elijah. For 10 points, name this German composer of a famous Wedding March in his incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Felix Mendelssohn

The main theme of the second movement of a symphony by this composer may have come from a song from Faust set by Carl Friedrich Zelter. A symphony by this composer opens with the violas playing a slow, transposed version of the four-note first theme of the finale of the Jupiter Symphony. Due to its resemblance to a Berlioz piece, the slow movement of this composer's fourth symphony is sometimes called a "Pilgrim's March." The introduction of this composer's Fifth Symphony quotes a rising motif known as the "Dresden Amen." This composer's Third Symphony features a short-long rhythm called the "Lombard" or "snap" rhythm. This composer wrote his Fifth Symphony for the tricentennial of the Augsburg Confession, and his Fourth Symphony was inspired by dances like the tarantella and saltarello. For 10 points, name this composer of the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian symphonies.

Felix Mendelssohn

This composer's final work was his sixth string quartet, written in memory of his recently deceased sister. Each member of the Emerson Quartet played two different parts while recording a piece this man wrote at age 16, his String (*) Octet. The soloist makes an unusually early entrance in his E minor violin concerto, and this composer's visit to Fingal's Cave inspired his Hebrides Overture. Another of his works includes a braying effect imitating the transfigured Bottom as well as a famous wedding march. For 10 points, name this Jewish-born composer of incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Felix Mendelssohn

Maria Karnilova and Zero Mostel won 1965 Tonys for appearing in this musical whose name is derived from a Marc Chagall painting. Jerome Robbins attended weddings to research what became the "Bottle Dance" near the end of its first act. In a song of this musical, a man would use wealth to get a seat by the Eastern Wall. It includes (*) "Matchmaker, Matchmaker" and "Tradition" in addition to "If I Were a Rich Man". Tevye [TEV-yah], a Russian Jew, is the main character of—for 10 points—what musical featuring a musician above the ceiling?

Fiddler on the Roof

One character in this musical sings "Far from the Home I Love" just before she boards a train for Siberia to visit Perchik. Another character concocts a nightmare in which he supposedly dreamt that Fruma-Sarah would murder his daughter in order to convince his wife to let Tzeitzel marry the tailor Motel. Beginning with a song in which two men argue about whether one was sold a horse or a mule and in which the protagonist extols "tradition, tradition!", for 10 points, name this musical based on the stories of Sholom Aleichem, a work of Bock and Harnick featuring the Jewish dairyman Tevye, who sings "If I Were a Rich Man".

Fiddler on the Roof

One musical number in this production begins with a rumor of an arrest and ends with an old lady saying "that's what comes from men and women dancing." In another scene from this musical, the main character pretends to have a nightmare about the butcher's deceased wife, to justify reneging on his promise to wed his daughter to Lazar Wolf. Later, after that same daughter's marriage to(*) Motel ("MAH-tle"), the constable carries out a "little demonstration" on the village. For 10 points, name this musical in which Tevye sings "If I were a Rich Man."

Fiddler on the Roof

Although it is now attributed to Michelozzo, the Pazzi Chapel was once thought to have been designed by this man. His biographer, Antonio Manetti, describes how he illustrated the principles of perspective by drawing the Palazzo Vecchio and the Florentine Baptistery from two different points. His works include the design of the (*)) Hospital of the Innocents, as well as a project that plagued the architect Arnolfo di Cambio for years. A lantern stands atop of his crowning achievement, which was built without the use of flying buttresses because it is supported by an octagonal base. For 10 points, name this Italian architect who successfully inserted a dome on top of Florence Cathedral.

Filippo Brunelleschi

Hungarian artist Istvan Orosz recreated an experiment in perspective by this man in a 2000 installation using a sheet and a mirror. He had a large ship named Badalone built to transport many of his supplies, but the ship sank on its first voyage nearly bankrupting him. Visual representations of him are scarce and include his portrait in Donatello's Beardless Prophet and a presumed appearance in Masaccio's Resurrection of the Son of Theophilus. His own works include his first commission, the so-called Hospital of the Innocents, and his last, the Pazzi Chapel. However, his fame rested on solving a problem that had confounded Arnolfo di Cambio 120 years earlier. For 10 points, name this man who won the right to design the dome of the Florence Cathedral seventeen years after finishing second to Ghiberti in the contest to design the second doors of the Florentine Baptistery.

Filippo Brunelleschi

One building designed by this man features the Bini Capponi chapel, while another of his works contains the Door f the Martyrs and the Door of the Apostles within its Old Sacristy. This subject of Antonio Manetti's The Fat Woodpecker used a mirror to demonstrate his creation of perspective by allowing the viewer to compare between his painting of and the real representation of the Baptistry of St. John. He designed the churches Santa Maria degli Angeli and Santo Spirito, in addition to the Basilica of San Lorenzo. He lost a competition to Lorenzo Ghiberti to design the doors of the Florence Baptistry, and also created an octagonal brick dome for the church of Santa Maria del Fiore. For ten points, name this designer of the dome of the Florence Cathedral.

Filippo Brunelleschi

One unfinished building by this architect had a central octagon with eight niches in the exterior and was called Santa Maria degli Angeli. Another of his buildings has a portico supported by a row of thin, unfluted columns between arches decorated by terra cotta roundels by Andrea della Robbia. He designed an object that contained one spherical vault on top of another and used a herringbone pattern of bricks. That work by this architect of the Ospedale degli Innocenti was meant to go on an (*)) octagonal base. This man invented linear perspective and used it in a failed bid to decorate the door of the Florence Baptistery. For 10 points, name this rival of Lorenzo Ghiberti who designed an innovative dome for Florence's Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore.

Filippo Brunelleschi

This man is no longer attributed the construction, and instead only the plan for the Pazzi Chapel. Antonio Manetti wrote about how this architect of the Santo Spirito and Basilica of San Lorenzo used a mirror and two panels to rediscover linear perspective. Andrea della Robbia planned the terra cotta roundels for this man's design of an orphanage with a long loggia, the (*) Hospital of the Innocents. His rendition of the Sacrifice of Isaac caused this architect to lose a competition to his rival, Ghiberti, over designing the doors to the Florence Baptistry. For ten points, name this Renaissance architect of the octagonal, double-shelled dome to the Florence Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore.

Filippo Brunelleschi

This man once played a prank on a woodworker named Manetto by convincing him that he had traded places with a man named Matteo. He built a boat to carry marble to his building site, but that boat, Il Badalone, sank with all of the cargo. He completed a design by Neri without the use of scaffolding, a practice that he had perfected on the Ridolfi and Barbadori Chapels; however, he also designed the basilica of Santo Spirito. This man (*)) rediscovered the vanishing point, used it in his paintings of the Baptistry of San Giovanni by his main rival, whom he bested in one competition with an octagonal design, however he did not win the competition for the baptistry doors of that building. For 10 points, name this Italian architect and rival of Lorenzo Ghiberti, noted for competing the Dome of Florence's Duomo.

Filippo Brunelleschi

This man used square side aisles half as wide as the nave in two churches with grey-green structural elements against white walls. This man designed iron, stone, and wood chains for a project that adopts a Roman herringbone pattern to avoid the need for any scaffolding. He lost an early sculpture contest to Lorenzo (*) Ghiberti [ghee-"BEAR"-tee], but working from drawn studies of his city's baptistry, this artist was the first to systematize one-point linear perspective. Like Christopher Wren, he used a double-layer design for an octagonal brick structure that sits atop Santa Maria del Fiore [sahn-tah mah-REE-ah dell FYOH-ray]. For 10 points, name this Renaissance architect who built the dome of Florence Cathedral.

Filippo Brunelleschi

Vasari's Lives of the Artists stated that this man's design of a wooden cross made Donatello drop a basket of eggs in awe. This man was commissioned to complete the Sagrestia Vecchia and the Rotonda degli Scoglari by the Medici family. Salvi d'Andrea finished the work he had initiated for his city's Santo Spirito Basilica, and in another project, this man designed a building whose terracotta roundels were designed by Andrea Della Robbia, an orphanage called the (*)) Hospital of the Innocents. His greatest architectural innovation was the creation of an octagonal design for a double-walled dome for a renovation of the cathedral in his hometown of Florence. For 10 points, identify this architect who lost the competition to design the doors of the Florence Baptistery to Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Filippo Brunelleschi

A giant fish sculpture designed by this architect was built in Barcelona at the Port Olimpic for the 1992 Olympics. The Gates Tower and the Dreyfoos Tower are part of this architect's design for the Stata Center at MIT. The Sky Church is located in one building by this architect in Seattle that resembles a "smashed electric (*) guitar". In addition to the Museum of Pop Culture, this architect designed a museum with titanium-clad curves next to the Nervion River in Spain. For 10 points, name this architect of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall.

Frank Gehry

A renovation project led by this architect added a fir-paneled irregular-spiral accessibility ramp in the Walker Court and a new wing with a blue exterior featuring two snakelike cantilevered staircases. A still-unbuilt design by this architect includes an almost 500-foot-long stainless steel "tapestry" depicting images of the Midwest as well as two 80-foot-tall posts suggesting the ruins of a temple. A residential tower designed by this man is located at 8 Spruce Street in Manhattan. He led the 2008 redesign of the Art Gallery of Ontario and designed the planned Dwight D. Eisenhower memorial. Coosje van Bruggen and Claes Oldenburg designed the distinctive parking garage entrance of this man's "Binoculars Building." Another of his projects has a central atrium nicknamed "the flower" and is located on the Nervión River; thatmuseum is clad in his characteristic undulating titanium sheets. For 10 points, name this architect of the Guggenheim Bilbao.

Frank Gehry

A tall residential building designed by this architect is located on 8 Spruce Street. The Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame was added onto another building designed by this architect. With the Croatian architect Vlado Milunić, he designed a building that was originally called "Fred and Ginger." This architect designed a (*)) titanium-clad building on the Nervion River that was designed to look like a ship. For 10 points, name this Canadian-American architect of the Dancing House in Prague and the Experience Music Project in Seattle, whose trademark curved sheets of metal can be found in his Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.

Frank Gehry

According to Business Insider, a school of management building designed by this man was designated the 2nd ugliest building in Ohio, behind the Longaberger basket. This former Los Angeles truck driver tried both chemical engineering and radio announcing before settling on architecture. A design by this man that depicts the plains of Kansas was chosen for the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial in D.C. This man was sued after a water leakage occurred in his (*) Stata Center at MIT. He created a building which evokes imagery of two moving people called Dancing House. For 10 points, name this Canadian-born architect famous for his Experience Music Project in Seattle, Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, and Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.

Frank Gehry

Daniel Buren added colorful panels to one of this artist's buildings to create a giant kaleidoscope known as the Observatory of Light. The Cowles Conservatory in the Walker Art Center contains this artist's glass sculpture Giant Standing Fish. This artist, who designed the Fondation Louis Vuitton, used a "deconstructivst" approach to a building that he designed with Vlado Milunic. The Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame is attached to a building that (*) Microsoft founder Paul Allen commissioned from this man. In Prague, this artist designed a building whose two distinct towers evoke the movement of feet, called the Dancing House. For 10 points, name this modern architect who designed the Experience Music Project in Seattle and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles.

Frank Gehry

One building by this architect originally named the Beekman Tower was modeled off of Chicago's Aqua, and it is located on New York's Spruce Street. An assortment of Cubist shapes made of stainless steel adorn this man's Weisman Museum in Minnesota. The Medusa sits atop a deconstructivist building by Vlado Milunić and this architect, and that building is located in (*) Prague and known as the Dancing House. Stainless steel surrounds a concert hall by this architect that commemorates animator Walt Disney. For 10 points, name this architect of Bilbao's Guggenheim Museum.

Frank Gehry

One of this architect's designs featuring giant tapestries depicting the plains of Kansas was chosen for the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial in Washington D.C. This architect designed an office building which one enters through a giant pair of binoculars, and he also designed a curved glass tower in Prague. A building designed by this architect featuring large curved stainless-steel panels is the home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and another building designed by this architect along the Nervion River resembles a ship. For 10 points, name this architect who designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.

Frank Gehry

One of this architect's works has been compared to a smashed electric guitar while another of this architect's works resembles a dancing couple. Respectively, those buildings are the Experience Music Project and the Dancing House. This architect, who put a giant pair of binoculars outside one building, also designed the(*) Jay Pritzker Pavilion in Chicago. One of this architect's most famous works is in Spain and looks like a ship. For 10 points, name this architect that used reflective metal in many of his designs, such as the Guggenheim in Bilbao and Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles.

Frank Gehry

This architect collaborated with Claes Oldenberg to design the Binoculars Building. Another structure designed by this architect now houses the Grant Park Orchestra. A monorail runs through a building that this architect designed for Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. This architect designed the Experience Music Project in Seattle and the Pritzker Pavilion in Chicago. One of his buildings sits along the Nervion River and, like a live music venue he designed in Los Angeles, is surrounded by curved metallic sheets. For 10 points, name this Canadian-American architect who designed the Guggenheim Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall.

Frank Gehry

This architect designed a building inspired by Chicago's Aqua located on 8 Spruce Street in New York City, his Beekman Tower. Associated with the Santa Monica School, he included a variety of colors such as deep red and a "shimmering purple" in a museum meant to resemble an exploding guitar, his Experience Music Project. This architect of a building meant to evoke imagery of two moving people, the Dancing House in Prague, is famous for the curved reflective sheets of metal that cover his buildings. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect of the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.

Frank Gehry

This architect developed the "organization of the artist" to keep business and political interests at bay. This architect recently completed his first skyscraper, whose lower six levels of plain brick serve as a base for 870 feet of continuously-ridged stainless steel at 8 Spruce Street. Before he was replaced by Ellerbe Becket, this architect included "Miss Brooklyn" and the [*] Barclays Center in his vision for the Atlantic Yards project. With Vlado Milunic, this man designed a building inspired by the forms of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rodgers. Designer of Prague's Dancing House, for 10 points, name this Canadian architect who was inspired by fish scales to use burnished titanium panels on the Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao.

Frank Gehry

This architect feuded with Donald Trump after his Beekman Tower was constructed one foot taller than the Trump World Tower. Another of this man's buildings was inspired by the shape of a smashed guitar and has a monorail running through it; that building is the Museum of Pop Culture. With Vlado Milunić, this man designed a building whose warped outline evokes the image of a (*) dancing couple, while an outdoor music venue in Millenium Park is this man's Pritzker Pavilion. The titanium metal sheets of another of his buildings, which the The New Yorker called a "fantastic dream ship", sits on the Nervion River. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect of the Walt Disney Concert Hall and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.

Frank Gehry

This architect incorporated a series of gallery pods into his design for the campus of the Ohr-O'Keefe Museum of Art, which was overhauled after it was damaged by Hurricane Katrina. In 1992, this architect released a series of bentwood furniture, each piece of which was named after a different term from hockey. This man was sued following the buildup of moisture and water leakage in his Stata Center at MIT. He designed a work that used large criss-crossing pipes covered in speakers as a trellis. That work was classified as a work of art to prevent its removal from Grant Park. Jeff Koons' Puppy sits outside of a building created by this man, which is noted for its use of titanium sheets designed to resemble fish scales. For 10 points, name this architect responsible for designing the Pritzker Pavilion and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.

Frank Gehry

This man designed a curving building known as the Dancing House, and he was sued by MITafter flaws were discovered in his Ray and Maria Stata Center. He designed Chicago's Pritzker Pavilion, and this architect used wildly (*)) curved metal sheets in the designs for the Guggenheim Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect.

Frank Gehry

"Sprite" sculptures were included in one of this architect's since-demolished projects, the Midway Gardens. The entrance to one building designed by this architect features a reflecting pool and staggered blocks that resembled Mayan pyramids. In 2017, a (*) MoMA exhibit displayed a collection of this architect's designs, including one for a cantilevered house for Edgar Kaufman that has a stream running through the living room. A museum by this architect on 5th Avenue features a spiraling ramp. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum was designed by, for 10 points, what American Prairie School architect of Fallingwater?

Frank Lloyd Wright

After the 14 July Revolution, this architect adapted plans for a Baghdad Opera House into Arizona State University's Gammage Auditorium. A hypothetical skyscraper planned by this architect would have used atomic elevators and been called "The Illinois". This architect coined the term "carport" while designing the L-shaped Jacobs House, one of his (*) "Usonian Homes." Costs for the Jacobs House were limited by using bricks from another one of this architect's projects, a building with columns topped by lily pads that serves as the headquarters for the Johnson Wax Company. For 10 points, name this architect of a building cantilevered over the Bear Run, Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

One of this architect's creations consists of two long, narrow rectangular buildings, which from the street appear as one horizontal structure. This architect designed a building in the "Maya Revival Style" that had a shallow, mud-based foundation, which allowed it to survive a 1923 (*) earthquake. This designer of the Robie House built a Pennsylvania home commissioned by Edgar Kaufmann that uses cantilevered floors to extend over a running creek. For 10 points, name this Prairie Style architect, the designer of the Imperial Hotel and Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

One of this architect's structures is composed of concrete cubes with relief ornamentation reminiscent of Puuc architecture. That work is the largest of four textile block buildings and is called the Ennis House. This architect's Mayan Revival style is exemplified in a pyramid-like structure that survived the Great Kantō (*) earthquake, his Imperial Hotel in Tokyo. Although his studio was in Wisconsin, he spent many winters in Scottsdale, Arizona, where he built a residence called Taliesin West. His most famous commission, a weekend house for Edgar Kaufman, uses cantilevered floors to stretch across Bear Run Creek. For 10 points, name this American architect of Falling water.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This architect put circular sections of ceiling above white tapered columns in the "Great Workroom" of a building to which he later added the Research Tower. He used the Maya revival style for a now-demolished building whose lobby remains in the Meiji-Mura museum, though it survived a 1923 earthquake. This designer of the Johnson Wax headquarters and the Imperial Hotel Tokyo worked at two studios called Taliesin. He designed a walkable white concrete spiral for New York's Guggenheim Museum, and a cantilevered house for the Kauffman family which hangs over a running stream. For 10 points, name this Prairie School architect of Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This architect's "inverted ziggurat" is a feature of his design for a building with a spiraling interior walkway, the Guggenheim Museum in New York. This man extended (*)) cantilevered floors over Bear Run, a stream in Pennsylvania, in creating a house for the Kaufmann family. For ten points, name this Prairie School architect of Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This artist claimed that the "gasoline service station" was the beginning of "decentralization" in a book proposing his "Broadacre City" design to change life. This author's book The Disappearing City suggests that buildings should be centrally heated and have cantilevered overhangs in their designs. The press called one of this artist's own homes a "love castle" after his mistress Mamah Borthwick was murdered in it. This man's philosophy of "organic (*) architecture" led him to place a boulder in the hearth of a building that he designed for the businessman Edgar Kaufmann; that home in Western Pennsylvania by this architect is partly built over the edge of a river. For 10 points, name this mid-20th-century architect whose designs include Taliesin and Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This man argued that the death of the national landscape led the general public to under-appreciate the creative powers of Louis Sullivan in his book Genius and the Mobocracy. This architect used a sky-blue roof, scallop-shaped balconies, and a 172-foot triangular tower of gold in his posthumously-built Marin County Civic Center. Much controversy surrounds this architect's elopement to Florence with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, who later died when Juan Carlton set fire to their residence. A building by this architect features floors that are cantilevered to a "taproot core." That building consists of six "square levels" sandwiched between circular mezzanine levels. Another of this architect's commissions from his late phase features a single, continuous, spiral ramp and was inspired by the design of a snail shell. For 10 points, name this architect who created the S.C. Johnson Research Tower, as well as the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This man designed a "Solar Hemicycle" for journalist Herbert Jacobs. This architect's affair with Mamah Borthwick eventually forced him to leave Oak Park and design a new studio in Wisconsin. A building designed by this resident of Taliesin mostly withstood the Great Kanto Earthquake and is the Imperial Hotel. This architect used a spiral design for a museum of "Non-Objective Painting" in Manhattan. This man returned to prominence by designing a Pennsylvania residence that cantilevers over a creek. For 10 points, name this architect who designed New York's Guggenheim Museum and Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This man made models for a garden city called Broadacre City. This architect designed a hypostyle hall for a building whose core was designed in a "tap root" style. One of this designer's buildings is inspired by Mayan architecture and is called Hollyhock House. This architect of the SC Johnson Research Tower designed a building that consists of a single spiraling ramp and serves as an art museum. Due to its "floating" foundation, one of this man's building survived a major earthquake in Tokyo. A building this architect designed for Edgar Kaufmann used a cantilevered design to stand over a Pennsylvanian waterfall. For 10 points, name the Prairie School architect of the Imperial Hotel and Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This man originally wanted to cover a certain house in gold leaf to resemble the dead leaves of a rhododendron. A building designed by this man includes "dendriform" columns topped with huge "lily pads." In addition to the Johnson Wax Headquarters, this man designed a building out of oya stone that had a foundation intended to float structurally, which allowed that hotel to survive a devastating 1923 earthquake. This man, who designed the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, also designed a museum that resembles an upside-down ziggurat and features a spiral ramp inside the gallery. For 10 points, name this architect who designed Fallingwater and the Guggenheim in New York.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This man urged other architects to abandon prepackaged styles that imitate past architecture and embrace science and industry in his address "The Art and Crane of the Machine." William Storrer catalogued the works of this architect, which include a personal home featuring a hexagonal "cabaret theater" room built from concrete and stone to enhance its acoustics. He worked with his students Kaneji Domoto and Aaron Resnick on a planned community, known as a "historic district," in Westchester County, New York. He mistakenly attributed to Samuel Butler a term that he used to describe a building built for Herbert and Katherine Jacobs in Madison, Wisconsin. The Usonian style was championed by, for 10 points, what American architect who designed houses called Taliesin (tall-ee-AY-sin) and Fallingwater?

Frank Lloyd Wright

This man's Jacob House, which was designed on a bet that he couldn't create a house with five thousand dollars, was an example of his "Usonian" theory of architecture. This man incorporated a hypostyle hall into his Johnson Wax Headquarters Building. This man, whose summer and winter houses were known as Taliesin and Taliesin West, designed a cantilevered Pennsylvania house for Edgar Kaufmann and advocated the Prairie School of architecture. For 10 points, name this American architect of Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

This person designed an opera house in Baghdad for King Feisal [FIE-sahl] the Second, but after Feisal was assassinated he used those plans for Gammage Auditorium at Arizona State University. This person's fame increased when he designed the Johnson Wax Headquarters in Racine [ray-SEEN], Wisconsin, and a house on the Bear Run mountain stream in southwest Pennsylvania. Name this Prairie School architect who named his studios Taliesin [ta-lee-EH-sen] and who designed Fallingwater.

Frank Lloyd Wright

A piano sonata by this composer begins with a series of descending octave tritones symbolizing a descent into hell. A piano piece by this composer opens in 3/8 time in the second bar of a 4-bar hyper measure with the left hand repeating fast low E eighth notes, then stacking perfect fifths on them to imitate a man tuning a violin. Marc-André Hamelin (om-LAN) and Sergei Rachmaninoff both composed difficult cadenzas for a piano piece by this composer consisting of a somber lassan (LAW-shawn) followed by a playful friska (FREESH-kah). He coined the term "recital," and was the first musician to play onstage alone. This composer included his Dante Sonata in a series of suites inspired by his travels in Switzerland and Italy, Years of Pilgrimage. For 10 points, name this composer of the Mephisto Waltzes and many Hungarian Rhapsodies.

Franz Liszt

A piece by this composer is traditionally played at the conclusion of Interlochen's Summer Music Festival; that work opens with two pizzicato C's and makes heavy use of the C B E motif. Another piece by this composer was edited by Ferruccio Busoni from manuscripts into its "De Profundis" version and uses col legno strings to imitate the (*) clacking of bones. A piano piece by this composer in 3/8 time uses stacked fifths to imitate a character tuning a fiddle and depicts the Dance in the Village Inn. That piece by this composer of Totentanz is the first of a set of pieces typically grouped together with the Bagatelle sans tonalité, the four Mephisto Waltzes. This composer is generally considered the inventor of the genre of the "symphonic poem" with his work Les Préludes. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of 12 Transcendental Études.

Franz Liszt

During Richard Wagner's exile from Germany, this musician conducted the premiere of Lohengrin. One of this composer's piano works, nicknamed "La chasse," draws from Paganini's ninth caprice, and Paganini's second violin concerto inspired this composer's étude "La campanella." This composer wrote a set of three piano pieces called Liebesträume (lee-bis-TROY-muh) not long after he invented the symphonic poem, an example of which is his Les Preludes. This composer's other works for piano include the Mephisto Waltzes and the Transcendental Etudes. For 10 points, name this virtuoso pianist and composer of the Hungarian Rhapsodies.

Franz Liszt

Frederick Ashton's ballet Marguerite and Armand is danced to this piece. The fact that its Grandioso theme resembles the plainchant Crux fidelis was used by Paul Merrick to support his theory that this piece's slow movement is about "the redemption of Man after the Fall," though Alan Walker dismisses theories that this piece is programmatic. Three themes, marked Lento assai, Allegro energico, and marcato, are introduced in the first 17 bars of this piece. The original loud ending on this piece's manuscript was crossed out in (*)) red and replaced with a quiet ending. Like Schubert's Wanderer Fantasy, this piece has a four-movement structure but with no pauses between the movements, and it is considered an exemplar of double-function form. For 10 points, name this solo piano piece by Franz Liszt.

Franz Liszt

In a D-flat major etude, this composer has the left hand cross over in the middle of each arpeggio to play every other note of the melody. Another of his pieces features a recurring high D-sharp that has to be reached by huge, fast jumps. He included "Au lac de Wallenstadt" in a collection divided into "Switzerland," "Italy," and "Third Year." This composer of "Un sospiro" included a (*) Dante Sonata in his Années de Pèlerinage and borrowed from fellow virtuoso Paganini in pieces like "La Campanella." This composer of "Liebestraum No. 3" inspired a namesake "mania." For 10 points, name this pianist who wrote the Transcendental Etudes and Hungarian Rhapsodies.

Franz Liszt

One of this composer's pieces begins with a descending G Phrygian scale marked sotto voce (soh-toh VO-chay), which is followed by a marcato theme played in the le hand that is revisited in the F-sharp-major Adagio sostenuto movement. In another of this composer's pieces, which was prepared in a De Profundis version by Ferruccio Busoni, a col legno ("coal" LANE-yo) in the strings represents the clattering of bones. Johannes Brahms supposedly slept through a performance of this composer's poorly received piano sonata. This man used repeated thirds to imitate a galloping horse in his Mazeppa, which can be found alongside his piece Feux Follets (foo foh-LAY) in a work of twelve compositions for solo piano. For 10 points, what 19th-century composer wrote Totentanz, the Piano Sonata in B Minor, and the Transcendental Études?

Franz Liszt

This composer adapted Rossini's song "Nessun maggior dolore" as the "Canzone" (kant-SOH-nay) sandwiched by a "Gondoliera" and "Tarantella" in a supplemental triptych (TRIP-tick). This composer re-transcribed for sostenuto pedal the "Lento placido" D-flat major third of his Consolations. The three-part "Venice and Naples" joins a pair of threnodies "to the cypresses of the Villa d'Este" (DESS-tay) and the virtuoso piece Au bord d'une source (oh BORE dune SOORCE), among many other pieces, in this composer's three travel-themed suites. This student of (*)Carl Czerny (CHAIR-nee) progressively stacked fifths in 3/8 time to imitate a fiddle being tuned in the opening of the first of four pieces inspired by Nikolaus Lenau's Faust. For 10 points, name this composer of Years of Pilgrimage and the Mephisto Waltzes, a virtuoso pianist from Hungary.

Franz Liszt

This composer is considered the inventor of the symphonic poem, which he pioneered with compositions like Prometheus and Orpheus. Like Beethoven, this composer was invited by Anton Diabelli to create several variations on one of his waltzes, which he did, possibly at the suggestion of his teacher Carl Czerny. This composer inspired (*) mania in crowds with his carefully staged recitals and difficult piano music, such as his Transcendental Etudes and Hungarian Rhapsodies. For 10 points, name this renowned Hungarian-born piano virtuoso.

Franz Liszt

This composer's organ works include the huge Fantasy and Fugue on "Ad nos, ad salutarem undam." His works are usually numbered using Humphrey Searle's catalogue. He revised an étude in thirds into "Mazeppa." This composer of "Waldesrauschen" and "Feux Follets" invented the symphonic poem, and his works in that genre include Les (*)) Préludes. Études by this composer of six "Consolations" include "Gnomenreigen," "Un Sospiro," and "La Campanella," which was based on a piece by Paganini. His gentler pieces include "Liebestraum No. 3." For 10 points, name this virtuoso pianist and composer of Transcendental Etudes and Hungarian Rhapsodies.

Franz Liszt

This composer's travels to Switzerland and Italy inspired his piano pieces Album of a Traveler and Years of Pilgrimage, whose title refers to Goethe's ["GER-tuhs"] Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. A poem by Alfonse-Marie de Lamartine inspired a work by this composer that a portrayed a subject by varying a descending half-step, ascending perfect fourth motive in his symphonic poem Les (*)) Préludes ["LAY PRAY-loods"]. This composer wrote a highly chromatic work that barely uses traditional harmony in his Bagatelle Without Tonality, which may have been intended to replace this composer's fourth and unfinished Mephisto Waltz. For 10 points, name this virtuoso pianist and composer of Transcendental Etudes and 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies.

Franz Liszt

While this composer performed a work of his dedicated to Schumann, Johannes Brahms fell asleep. In works like "What one hears on the mountain," this composer pioneered a new orchestral form intended to make the listener imagine dramatic scenes. The third of this composer's Dreams of Love was modeled in the style of Chopin. Another work by this inventor of the(*) symphonic poem is a Paganini-inspired work called La Campanella. For 10 points, name this composer of the Hungarian Rhapsodies, whose piano playing created a namesake "mania."

Franz Liszt

A C minor piano sonata by this composer begins with fermata on both hands playing octave Gs before the right hand plays B, C, D, D, D. A piano four hands work by this composer begins with the secondo playing unison D, A, A, G sharp, A twice. A work by this composer, which begins with repeated C major chords, is so hard that this composer said that "the devil may play it." A symphony by this composer was described as having a (*) "heavenly length" by another composer. This composer's Six Moments Musicaux are often paired with his two sets of impromptus. This composer's two C-major symphonies were given the titles "Little" and "Great," and he opted for the use of a double bass instead of a second violin in his Trout Quintet. For 10 points, which composer left his B-minor 8th symphony unfinished?

Franz Schubert

A piano piece in C minor by this composer, the first in a set of four, begins with long, loud octave Gs in both hands, and its march-like second theme has 5-bar phrases over triplets in A-flat major. This composer crossed out the second of two trios, one in B major and one in A-flat major, for the first of his posthumously published Three Piano Pieces. This composer expanded upon a freeform style invented by his friend Jan Václav Voříšek ("yahn VOT-slav VOR-ih-shek") by writing six short piano pieces called (*) moments musicaux ("moh-MAWN myoo-zee-KOH") and two sets of four Impromptus. He wrote an F minor fantasy for piano duet. His compositions for piano often re-use his other works, such as his lied ("leed") "The Wanderer," his incidental music to Rosamunde ("roh-zah-MOON-duh"), and another of his lieder titled "Die Forelle" ("dee foh-RELL-uh"). For 10 points, name this composer of the "Trout" Quintet.

Franz Schubert

A piece by this composer begins with the motif "B C D D D C D E-flat," and this composer dedicated his Fantasia in F minor for piano four hands to Karoline Esterházy. This composer's Opus 52 is based on Walter Scott's The Lady of the Lake. This composer wrote two C major symphonies called "Little" and "Great" as well as the (*) Rosamunde Quartet. Die Forelle is the German name of this composer's Piano Quintet in A major, often referred to as the Trout Quintet. For 10 points, name this composer of many lieder, such as "Erlkonig," as well as a unfinished 8th symphony.

Franz Schubert

An F-sharp is repeated over 500 times in part of a piece by this composer whose title refers to green, a woman's favorite color. That piece by this composer uses a cycling figure based on a broken first-inversion triad to represent a brook and ends with a lullaby. The thirteenth section of another piece by this composer depicts a man's heart fluttering as he hears a posthorn. The last section of that piece by him asks "Will you play your (*) hurdy-gurdy to accompany my songs?" This composer set poems by Wilhelm Müller in two collections: one about love for a miller's daughter, and another about a journey in cold weather. For 10 points, name this composer of many lieder ("leader"), including the cycles Die schöne Müllerin ("dee SHOO-nuh MUE-luh-rin") and Winterreise ("VIN-tuh-RYE-zuh").

Franz Schubert

Brahms's Piano Quintet pays homage to the end of a chamber piece by this composer, in which a unison D-flat grace note is slurred to a C. Another chamber work by this composer begins with a unison D followed by a descending eighth-note triplet; that work's final movement is a breakneck D minor rondo-sonata form tarantella. Among this composer's more oddly instrumented works are an octet for clarinet, bassoon, horn, and five strings and an arpeggione sonata. This composer of a Cello Quintet and the (*) Rosamunde Quartet wrote a pair of C major symphonies dubbed "Little" and "Great". This man's String Quartet No. 14 includes a set of variations on his song "Death and the Maiden". For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of such lieder as Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel, whose eighth symphony is famously unfinished.

Franz Schubert

He's not Mahler, but the first movement of this man's symphony No. 4 in C minor is marked Allegro Vivace and the entire work is referred to as the Tragic. The slow movement in this work, along with a majority of slow movements in his other works follow the pattern of (*) ABABA, as seen in his Notturno. This composer's Winterreise is an example of his prolific vocal works and he included the double bass in his Trout Quintet. For ten points, name this Romantic Austrian composer who composed an "Unfinished" symphony and many lieder.

Franz Schubert

In this composer's late Mass in E-flat major, the first eight bars of the Sanctus shift to B minor to G minor to E-flat minor. His longest symphony uses the three-key exposition "C major, E minor, G major," and two unison horns open it with the motto (read slowly) "long C, D, E, long A, short B, C." The 3/4-time first movement of a B minor symphony by this composer opens with an 8-bar introduction in the (*) basses and cellos. Schumann praised the "heavenly length" of this composer's last symphony after Felix Mendelssohn premiered it after his death. An entr'acte (ON-tract) from this composer's incidental music to Rosamunde (ro-zuh-MOON-duh) may have been intended as the finale of that two-movement symphony. For 10 points, name this composer of the "Great" C major and "Unfinished" symphonies.

Franz Schubert

The slow first movement from a collection by this composer opens with the piano playing the following descending eighth-note figure over pulsating D minor eighth-note chords: upbeat F, E, D, A. This composer reused music from his opera Fierrabras for a work that closes with "The Brook's Lullaby." One string quartet by this composer was partially based on music this man wrote based a poem that opens "Vorüber! Ach, vorüber!"; that poem is by (*) Matthias Claudius. The song "Gute Nacht" opens a set of pieces by this composer, who also wrote a set of pieces about a wandering miller who sings to a brook about his love for a maiden. This composer wrote both a vocal piece and a string quartet based on "Death and the Maiden." This composer wrote a song based on a Goethe poem titled "Der Erlkönig" ["AIRL-ker-nig"]. For 10 points, name this composer of many lieder, some of which are in the song cycle Winterreise ["VIN-tuh-RIZE-uh"].

Franz Schubert

This composer began a work with the piano playing forte octave triplets in the right hand. His last piano sonata in B-flat major contains a low F-G-flat trill, and Liszt transcribed his C-major Wanderer Fantasy. This composer's fourteenth string quartet in D minor includes variations on his song "Death and the (*) Maiden," and he composed a lied ["leed"] about the demonic "Erlking." This composer set poems by Wilhelm Müller describing a man falling in love with a miller's daughter to music in one of his many song cycles. For 10 points, name this Romantic composer who failed to finish his eighth symphony in B minor.

Franz Schubert

This composer's first piano trio begins (read slowly) long B-flat, followed by triplet eighths: A, B-flat, D, (pause) long F, and was published posthumously along with his last three piano sonatas. This composer's final chamber work was his String Quintet in C major which is scored for two violins, a viola, and two cellos. This composer's Piano Quintet in A major uses a (*) double bass instead of a second violin and contains variations on this composer's lied "Die Forelle" (dee fo-RELL-uh). An entr'acte from his incidental music to Rosamunde has been theorized to have been originally composed for his Eighth Symphony. For 10 points, name this composer of the Trout Quintet and a famous Unfinished B-minor symphony.

Franz Schubert

Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake provided the text for this man's Opus 52, the most popular section of which is titled "Ellens dritter Gesang" (guh-ZONG) and begins with the name of a Latin prayer. One of this man's works opens with the piano playing repeated octave triplets to represent a horse galloping. Another of his works has the pianist use one hand to represent a foot pushing a treadle while the other depicts the rotating title object, while the title character reminisces about (*) Faust. This composer of Ave Maria included "Der Lindenbaum" and "The Hurdy-Gurdy Man" in the second of his song cycles based on Wilhelm Müller poems, Winterreise (VIN-ter-RYE-zuh) . For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of "Der Erlkönig" (AIRL-ker-nig) and "Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel", two of his six hundred-plus lieder.

Franz Schubert

Paintings from this movement include Funeral of the Anarchist Galli by Carlo Carra and The City Rises. It his movement was temporarily endorsed by Fascists, and its manifesto was written by Filippo Marinetti, who expressed a hatred for political and artistic traditions from the past and love for speed, technology, and violence. Paintings in this style sometimes portrayed people in progressive stages of motion, and used Cubist methods of division of space. One painting in this style shows a street lamp emitting light in the shape of V's. (*)) Dog on a Leash shows a scurrying dog whose legs are blurred into circles by motion, and Unique Forms of Continuity in Space shows the dynamism of a walking man. FTP, name this movement whose artists include Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, and Gino Severini.

Futurism

This movement often depicted urban scenes, as in Leaving the Theatre or the more violent Funeral of the Anarchist Galli, both by Carlo Carra. One painting in this style depicts a gun filled with explosions in Armored Train, a work of Gino Severini. Founded by Filippo Marinetti, this style was represented in sculpture by Development of a Bottle in Space and a work that depicts dynamic motion, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. Umberto Boccioni was a member of, FTP, what Italian artistic movement that glorified violence and speed?

Futurism

Clara sings that "Fish are jumpin' and the cotton is high" in this composer's song "Summertime." He included bongos and maracas in his Cuban Overture, and he wrote songs like "Embraceable You" with his brother (*)) Ira. He improvised the piano part at the 1924 premiere of his most famous work, a fusion of classical music and jazz. For 10 points, name this American composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

In the middle movement of a concerto by this composer, two B-flat clarinets and a B-flat bass clarinet back a solo trumpet. This composer's Short Story was originally meant to be part of a set of pieces later arranged for violin and piano in 1942 by Jascha Heifetz, his Three Preludes. His last concert work was a set of variations for piano and orchestra based on a melody from Girl Crazy. A four note tympani motif opens this man's only piano concerto. Another piece of his was orchestrated by Ferde Grofe from a score originally written for Paul Whiteman's jazz ensemble. For 10 points, name this composer of the Concerto in F who wrote "I Got Rhythm" with his lyricist brother Ira, as well as Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

This composer's symphonic tone poems include one originally named Rumba and another that featured taxi cab horns in its premiere at Carnegie Hall. This composer of Cuban Overture and An American in Paris also wrote an opera set in Catfish Row that features the songs "It Ain't Necessarily So"and "Bess, You Is My Woman Now." For 10 points, name this American composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

This musician's first published instrumental song was a novelty rag called "Rialto Ripples." A song composed by this musician is the origin of a 32-bar chord progression whose B section consists of seventh chords on scale degrees 3, 6, 2, and 5; that progression is the basis of many songs by other musicians, including "Anthropology" and "Cotton Tail." This musician wrote a standard that was originally included in, but later removed from, several musicals that he collaborated on, including Rosalie, Strike Up the Band, and Lady, Be Good; that song is "The Man I Love." A jazz chord progression known as "rhythm changes" derives from this composer's song "I Got Rhythm." One of this composer's songs describes how "the livin' is easy, the fish are jumpin'" on Catfish Row. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote the song "Summertime" for his opera Porgy and Bess.

George Gershwin

Vi asks if anyone knows where Joe is in this man's one-act opera, Blue Monday. One of this man's songs has the refrain, "Who could ask for anything more?" Along with "I Got Rhythm," one work by this composer expresses a feeling of homesickness by introducing the (*) blues. The first movement of this composer's Concerto in F features blasts from the timpani. Another work by this composer premiered at "An Experiment in Modern Music" and opens with a clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this composer of An American in Paris and Rhapsody in Blue.

George Gershwin

A work by this man that was designed to provide water for horses features three bees perched on a seashell. He's not Michelangelo, but this man created a work depicting David standing on a harp as he prepares his sling. Besides designing the tomb of Pope Alexander VII , this artist showed Cerberus looking on as his master kidnaps the title woman in (*) The Rape of Proserpina, and a group of river gods sit around an obelisk in a work located in the Piazza Navona, his Fountain of the Four Rivers. In his most famous work, bronze rays of light shine down on an angel holding an arrow, who stands over the title nun lost in a trance. For 10 points, name this Italian sculptor of The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

A young woman rests her foot on a globe in an unfinished allegorical work by this artist titled Truth Unveiled by Time. In another work by this artist, a dog is nearly kicked by the title figure's elevated feet as she presses one arm onto a man's face. This artist designed a gilt bronze reliquary for an large wooden chair now located in the (*) Vatican. This artist placed the Pamphili symbol, a dove, atop an obelisk in one work in the Piazza Navona. This artist of The Rape of Proserpina was commissioned by Cardinal Cornaro for a sculpture of Cupid angling an arrow toward the heart of an enraptured nun. For 10 points, name this Renaissance artist of Rome's The Ecstasy of St. Teresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

An unconventional work by this artist depicts the slightly turned head of one of his loves, with lips parted and her chemise somewhat undone, unlike more formal commissioned works. In addition to Bust of Constanza Bonarelli, this artist portrayed the moment of the sling in motion in a version of (*) David. Another sculpture shows one figure at the moment she transforms into a laurel tree to evade a pursuing god. He also created a work in which the title nun lies upon a cloud, as an angel raises a golden arrow above her. For 10 points, name this Italian sculptor of Apollo and Daphne and The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

In front of one church designed by this man, semicircular steps are enclosed by two arm-like concave walls topped by scallop designs. Above those steps designed by this man is the carved crest of the Pamphili family. This man designed honeycomb coffering that shrinks as it nears the cupola to create an illusion of extra height in the elliptical church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale. This man lost to [*] Claude Perrault in Louis XIV's contest to design the east fascade of the Louvre. This man evoked the encircling arms of Mother Church with his use of a branching Tuscan colonnade to delineate a keyhole-shaped piazza consisting of a trapezoid joined to an oval; that piazza is centered on Rome's longest standing obelisk. For 10 points, identify this Baroque architect of St. Peter's Square.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Joshua Reynolds called this artist a "cheap sorcerer" who "betrayed" his medium by making his work too life-like. This artist sculpted Truth Unveiled by Time after the failure of his two towers at St. Peter's Basilica, where he also designed the Baldacchino (bal-da-KEE-no) and the Chair of St. Peter. The four title characters surround an Egyptian obelisk in a sculpture by this artist located in the Piazza Navona. In another of this sculptor's works housed in the Cornaro Chapel, an angel points a golden spear at the title nun as she reclines on a cloud. For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque sculptor of the Fountain of the Four Rivers and The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

One of this man's artworks features a seashell shape with a Latin inscription on it and three bees along the bottom; another shows an actively-posed man pulling back a sling. This man had a rival who sculpted the monument for the tomb of Pope Leo XI, named Alessandro Algardi. This creator of an action-shot David made four twisted bronze columns for a baldachin in St. Peter's basilica, and his work on the Piazza Barberini includes two fountains. He put rays of gold above his sculpture of an angel holding an arrow by a nun lying rapt. For 10 points, name this Baroque sculptor of Apollo and Daphne and The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

One work by this artist portrays a nude woman pricking her toe on a globe while a curtain is drawn off her body. This creator of Truth Unveiled by Time was patroned by Scipione Borghese, for whom this sculptor crafted one depiction of a woman pushing away a bearded man with a three headed dog at his heels. This sculptor of The Rape of Proserpina designed a fountain depicting the four namesake waterways, and Cardinal Cornaro commissioned him to create a work featuring an angel thrusting a golden arrow into the breast of the title Spanish mystic. For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque sculptor of The Fountain of the Four Rivers and The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

The Borghese Gallery owns a terracotta model of this sculptor's original design for an equestrian statue of a certain French monarch dressed like a sandal-clad Roman general. A crack in the forehead necessitated the replacement with a copy of a bust by him that shows the title figure in a biretta and cardinal's robes. On top of a red marble sarcophagus, he depicted a woman dressed in a nun's habit, lying on a cushioned couch, while clutching her breast. This sculptor of an equestrian statue of (*)) Louis XIV, a bust of Scipione Borghese, and The Blessed Ludovica Albertoni carved a Greek god's translucent flying drapery in one work in which another figure's legs are sheathed in bark and her fingers are turning into branches. Another of his sculptures show an angel pointing a sphere at the title open-mouthed saint. For 10 points, name this sculptor of Apollo and Daphne, whose Cornaro Chapel contains his The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

This artist designed a papal tomb in which sculptures of Charity and Justice flank a bronze sarcophagus that a skeleton pops out of to write the Pope's name in a book. Two bodiless-but-somehow-winged putti look over a dying woman with her hands to her chest in this man's sculpture of Ludovica Albertoni in the Altieri Chapel. Louis XIV commissioned an equestrian sculpture of himself from this artist, but it so displeased the king that he put it in his garden as a statue of Marcus Curtius. This artist left behind many wax and terracotta (*)) bozzetti that he made as miniatures of his work, and he used an oval plan for the Sant'Andrea al Quirinale church. This man sculpted a bearded black man sitting on a bunch of coins next to an armadillo in a large group that also features a man with a cloth over his head; over that group, this designer of the Cornaro Chapel placed a large, dove-topped Egyptian obelisk. For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque sculptor of the Fountain of the Four Rivers.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

This artist designed nine floating heads which appear on either side of a painting of The Holy Family with Saint Anne by Baciccio. Baciccio also painted a portrait of this artist in old age wearing black against a black background with his iconic T-shaped facial hair. This artist placed a sculpture of Ludovica Albertoni beneath those floating putti heads in the Altieri chapel. This artist restored a sculpture from the Circus of Maxentius above which he placed the Pamphili family's symbol of a dove holding an olive twig in an installation for the Piazza Navona. For the Cornaro chapel, this artist sculpted a short angel on the left raising the robe of the title saint while aiming an arrow at her. For 10 points, name this Italian sculptor whose ability to include texture in his marble sculptures is exemplified in works like Fountain of the Four Rivers and Ecstasy of St. Theresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

This artist included the Barberini coat of arms on the plinths underneath the four Solomonic columns supporting one of his works. One of his marble sculptures shows Pluto's fingers digging into Proserpina's thigh during her abduction. Another of his sculptures depicts a reclining god holding a huge oar and another sitting on a pile of coins, both surrounding a massive obelisk. This artist created a bronzebald acchino for St. Peter's as well as the square outside of it. In one of his sculptures, an angel directs a spear at the title saint, highlighted by bronze "rays" in the background. For 10 points, name this sculptor of the Fountain of the Four Rivers and The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

This artist slashed his lover's face after discovering her affair with his brother, although he may be better known for depicting her in his Bust of Costanza Bonarelli. Anthony van Dyck's triple portrait of Charles I was intended as a model for this other artist, who also made portraits of his patron Scipione Borghese. This artist showed Pluto's (*) fingers pressing into the title woman's thigh in The Rape of Proserpina. This artist used dynamic, twisted compositions in sculptures like Apollo and Daphne. For St. Peter's Basilica, this artist designed both the plaza and a Baldacchino. For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque sculptor of The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

This man sculpted busts of an angelic woman and a screaming man entitled Blessed Soul and Damned Soul. This man, who sculpted David in the process of throwing a stone, also depicted Pluto digging his fingers into the flesh of a girl in (*) The Rape of Proserpina. This artist depicted the Nile, the Danube, the Rio de La Plata and the Ganges in his Fountain of the Four Rivers, while his most famous sculpture depicts a saint on her knees with an angel pointing a spear at her. For 10 points, name this baroque Italian sculptor of The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

A late piece by this composer uses the unusual scale [read slowly] "C, D-flat, E, F-sharp, G-sharp, A-sharp, B, C." This composer unusually used a "Scherzo Fuga" as the last movement of his string quartet in E minor. This composer alternated slashing G minor chords with bass drum thwacks in a choral movement that returns in the seventh and final movement. This composer's last major piece was a set of Four (*) Sacred Pieces. This composer imitated Berlioz by using four offstage trumpets to build up the opening fanfare of the "Tuba Mirum" of an 1874 piece. That piece by this composer includes mezzo-soprano and soprano solos in its "Lux Aeterna" and "Libera Me" sections. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of a Requiem in memory of Alessandro Manzoni, who also wrote operas like Otello and Rigoletto.

Giuseppe Verdi

In an opera by this composer, cellos accompany a character's prayer in the aria "Vieni, O Levita!... Tu Sol Labbro." The overture to an opera by this composer opens with the brass repeatedly playing a motif of three unison E's followed by the strings playing the repeated ascending sixteenth-note figures A-B-C-E. An opera by this composer includes a mad scene in which a man declares "Non son più re, son dio" after being struck by lightning; that opera by this composer features the chorus (*) "Va, pensiero," also known as the "Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves." This composer wrote the operas La Forza del Destino and Nabucco, as well as an opera in which the title character has gambling winnings thrown at her feet by Alfredo. For 10 points, name this composer of an opera about Violetta, La Traviata.

Giuseppe Verdi

In one of this man's operas, the daughter of the Marquis of Calatrava, Leonora, loves Don Alvaro; that opera's overture opens with 3 brass unison E's. The protagonist of one of his operas sings "Ritorna vincitor." In another opera by this composer, the "Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves" is sung before the Babylonian king prays to God. This composer of La Forza Del Destino and Nabucco also wrote the aria "Libiamo ne lieti calici," a drinking song, in an opera in about Violetta, a "fallen woman." This composer is best-known for a work that ends when an Ethiopian princess is buried alive with her love Radamès. For 10 points, name this composer of La Traviata and Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

In one of this man's works, the former Emperor, thought to be dead, drags his grandson into his tomb; in that same work, Don Carlos sings a duet that would be reworked into the Lacrimosa of a piece composed by this man for Alessandro Manzoni. In another of his operas, Abigaille seizes the Babylonian crown from Nabucco, who had taken the Israelites captive. Falstaff and Otello were two of his Shakespeare-inspired operas, and he wrote about the jester of the cruel Duke of Mantua in Rigoletto, but his most famous is one in which Radamès bids farewell to the world with an Egyptian princess. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of operas like Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

In one opera by this composer set in Stockholm, the fortune-teller Ulrica prophesizes that Riccardo will be killed by the next man who shakes his hand. This composer of A Masked Ball included "Va, pensiero," or the Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves, in an opera which details the exile of the Jews from Babylon, Nabucco. In addition to the drinking song "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" in an opera about Alfredo and Violetta, this composer wrote an opera which sees the Duke of Mantua sing "La donna è mobile" and another opera about an Egyptian princess. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Rigoletto, La traviata, and Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

In one opera by this composer, a character overhears the title character's plot to kill him while he is near the tomb of Charlemagne to be crowned the next Holy Roman Emperor. In one of this composer's operas, Abigaile tells Ismaele that her father, the title character of the opera, will forgive Ismaele if he does not protect Fenena. The title character of that opera by this composer is a (*)) Babylonian king. In another of his operas, Alfredo sings a drinking song at Violetta Valéry's house. One opera by this composer of Ernani and Nabucco features a princess' unrequited love for Radames, who wins a battle in Ethiopia, which is the home country of the title character, who is a captive in Egypt. For 10 points, name this composer of La Traviata and Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

In one opera by this composer, the title character sings the aria "Pari siamo!" to describe how his own stabbing words are like the sword used by the assassin Sparafucile. In another opera by this man, the Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves sings "Va, pensiero." This man wrote an opera in which "O, patria mia" is sung by a princess who dies when she is buried alive with her lover, Radames. The Duke of Mantua sings "La donna e mobile" in this man's opera about a hunchbacked court jester. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Nabucco, Rigoletto, and Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

In one work by this composer, a woman swallows poison from her ring rather than allow herself to be raped by a villain, and the main character of that opera desperately tries to rescue his mother from being burned at the stake, but fails. Another opera by this man ends as the main character cries, "The curse!" after his daughter's murder by (*) Sparafucile. In another opera, this man depicted the love triangle between two African princesses and a military commander that ends with the two main characters getting buried alive inside the Temple of Vulcan. For ten points, name this Italian composer of operas such as Il Trovatore, Rigoletto, and Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

In the libretto to an opera by this composer, an asterisk marks where a pair of lovers kiss. A villain in another opera of this composer dismisses heaven as an "old wives' tale" while singing that he "believes in an evil God." He closed his final opera with a fugue proclaiming "Everything in the world is a jest." Though not Cesar Cui, one of this composer's characters sings the Ave Maria after recalling a family servant's "Willow Song." A storm opens that opera by this composer, which is titled for a governor of Cyprus. The last two libretti written by Arrigo Boito were for operas by this composer, one of which was based on scenes from Henry IV and The Merry Wives of Windsor. For 10 points, name this composer of Otello and Falstaff, also known for Rigoletto.

Giuseppe Verdi

One of this composer's operas is often performed without its "Fontainebleau" first act, and is based on a Schiller play. The title character swears friendship to Rodrigo in this composer's duet "Dio, che nell'alma infodere". A cabaletta by this composer is twice interrupted by reprises of his aria "Un di, felice, eterea". This composer of Don Carlos also wrote the drinking song (*) "Libiamo ne'lieti calici". "Sempre libera" is sung by a courtesan wooed by Alfredo in this man's opera about the dying courtesan Violetta. He also wrote an opera about the Egyptian commander Radamès's love for an Ethiopian princess. For 10 points, name this Italian opera composer of La Traviata and Aïda.

Giuseppe Verdi

Recent scholarship regarding a myth about one of this man's works has decided that it was actually the chorus "Immenso Jehova" that audiences demanded an encore of, despite the Austrian ban on them. In an opera composed by this man, a main character describes the "love that's the pulse of the universe" in "Un di, felice eterea", a duet with a character who later joins him for the drinking song (*) "Libiamo ne' lieti calici". His name was adopted as an acronymic slogan during the Risorgimento, during which the aria "Va', pensiero" from his Nabucco gained popularity. For another opera he wrote the aria "Vedi! Le fosche", in which Gypsies encourage each other to lift their hammers. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of La Traviata, whose Il Trovatore contains the "Anvil Chorus".

Giuseppe Verdi

The Spanish drama Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino served as the basis for this composer's opera "The Force of Destiny." One of this man's operas contains a chorus calling thought to fly "on wings of gold" and is titled in Italian as "Va, pensiero." This composer's (*) "Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves" appears in his opera Nabucco, and in another opera by this man the title character exclaims "La maledizione!" after hearing another character whistle an aria about "fickle women." The Duke of Mantua sings "La Donna e Mobile" in an opera by this composer whose title character fears a curse. For 10 points, name this Italian who penned an opera about a jester in Rigoletto.

Giuseppe Verdi

This composer was forced to move the setting of an opera about the assassination of Gustav III to Boston. The death of Alessandro Manzoni inspired this composer of Un ballo in maschera to write his Requiem mass. Manrico discovers he is not the child of Azucena after hearing her sing "Stride la vampa" in an opera by this composer's opera that includes a chorus of gypsies using hammers to rhythmically strike a series of anvils. An opera by this composer of Il Trovatore closes with the Temple of Vulcan being used to bury alive the lover of the title Ethiopian princess. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Aida.

Giuseppe Verdi

A tapestry copy of this painting in the New York UN building was temporarily covered with a blue curtain, and this work was exhibited with a poem by Paul Eluard. A soldier holding a broken sword lies at the bottom of this painting with a flower in his hand while a ghostly woman reaches in from a window holding a (*) candle. It depicts a market day and a light bulb in the form of an eye along with a woman grieving over her child. A bull with smoke for a tail and a screaming horse being pierced with a spear appear at the left of this painting. For 10 points, Pablo Picasso painted what mural in response to the bombing of a Basque town?

Guernica

Henry Moore sculpted Large Figure in a Shelter for a memorial at this location, which also contains an Eduardo Chillida concrete sculpture with a hole in its center known as Our Father's House. In reaction to an event at this place, French sculptor Rene Iche used his six year old daughter to sculpt a work depicting a girl with the head of a skull. Rene Magritte's painting Le Drapeau Noir is often seen by critics as a response to that event at this location, which caused F. E. McWilliam to sculpt a mask of Neville Chamberlain in protest. A work depicting this location was accompanied by a poem by Paul Eluard at the Paris International Exhibition, and was vandalized by Tony Shafrazi, who spray-painted it with the worlds KILL LIES ALL. That painting contains a ghostly arm holding a candle and a blazing light bulb above a screaming horse's head. For 10 points, name this location bombed by the Condor Legion, an action protested in a black and white painting by Pablo Picasso.

Guernica

In this painting, a black and white bird sits on a shelf, and many of the central figures' tongues have been replaced by daggers. On the left of this painting, a woman grieves over the dead child in her arms, and another woman peers at the scene from a window while her elongated arm holds a [*] candle. A dead man in this work bears the stigmata and his severed arm sprouts a flower and is holding a sword. A bull emits smoke as its tail in this work that also shows a horse pierced by a spear beneath a light bulb. Inspired by the Condor Legion's bombing of the titular Basque town, for 10 points, name this mural by Pablo Picasso.

Guernica

Photographer David Seymour showed this work's creator underneath its depiction of a woman who raises her hands in agony. An arm holds a lamp at its center next to a light bulb in the shape of an eye. A bull stands over a woman holding her dead child on its left side. A reproduction of this work located at the U.N. headquarters was covered by a curtain in 2003 in order to hide such images as a man with a broken sword being trampled by a Cubist horse. Commissioned for the 1937 World's Fair, this work shows the horrors of the Nazi-bombing of a certain Basque city. For 10 points, name this painting by Pablo Picasso.

Guernica

The inspiration for this painting came after the poet Juan Larrea visited its artist to urge him not to make the subject the artist's studio. In the upper left of this painting, a dove is inscribed on the wall where a crack reveals a bright light, and on the right side of this painting, a woman raises her hands in the shape of airplanes. A (*) screaming head floats in the mid-right of this painting. On the top, a bare light bulb in the shape of a human eye hangs over a horse with a knife as a tongue, under which lies a flower and a dead man holding a broken sword. For 10 points, name this black, white, and gray mural painting by Pablo Picasso in response to the 1937 bombing of the titular Basque village during the Spanish Civil War.

Guernica

This artwork is central to, and shares its name with, a short 1950 film by Alain Resnais in which an actress reads a poem by Paul Eluard over images of it and other works. In a film scene, this artwork faces a row of windows looking out on a floating inflatable pig above the Battersea Power Station, in front of which a government minister played by Danny Huston says that what keeps him going is that "I just don't think about it." In the Vampire Weekend song "Oxford Comma," the lyric "show your paintings at the (*) United Nations" likely refers to a 2003 scandal in which a tapestry copy of this artwork was covered with a blue sheet so that it would not provide the backdrop for a Colin Powell press conference in the lead-up to the Iraq War. Clive Owen's character sees this artwork displayed behind a long white dining table in a scene from Children of Men. For 10 points, name this Pablo Picasso mural that depicts the bombing of a Basque town.

Guernica

This painting was created in a large Paris studio found by Dora Maar, who photographed its creation. Nelson Rockefeller commissioned a tapestry version of this painting for the United Nations Building. This painting was initially exhibited alongside a mercury fountain created by Alexander Calder, and it reused a number of symbols from its artist's Minotauro machia. T.J. Clark argues that the pose from its artist's Nude on Black Armchair was reused in this painting's image of a (*))screaming head. The people are represented in this painting by a flower growing from a broken sword and a horse, which appears to the right of a bull representing fascism. For 10 points, name this Pablo Picasso painting depicting the bombing of a Spanish town.

Guernica

While on tour in Great Britain, this painting was exhibited in a car showroom to raise money for a Manchester-based food relief group. Paul Eluard's poem about the "victory of" this painting's title locale accompanied its inaugural display in a pavilion designed by Josep Lluis Sert at the Paris International Exhibition. 45 studies of this painting were photographed by the artist's wife, Dora Maar. This painting was (*) defaced while on long-term loan to MoMA with the anti-Vietnam War message "KILL LIES ALL." Almost all sketches for this grayscale painting included the Nationalist horse and bull. Many civilians are depicted screaming in horror in, for 10 points, what 1937 painting of the aftermath of a bombing of a Spanish city by Pablo Picasso?

Guernica

Hans Haacke created a series of panels depicting the business connections of this museum's Board of Trustees after it canceled his solo exhibit about slumlord Harry Shapolsky. In 2016, phrases like "EVERY DAY IS MAY DAY" and "1%" were projected onto this museum's fascade by the Global Ultra Luxury Faction activist group. Also in 2016, Maurizio Cattelan installed a fully functional 18-karat gold toilet entitled America in this museum. The controversial and wildly popular 1990s exhibits at this museum included one about fashion designer Giorgio Armani and The Art of the Motorcycle. This museum was founded under director (*)) Hilla von Rebay as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting. Protests at this American museum have centered on the human rights abuses against workers constructing its new branch in Abu Dhabi. For 10 points, name this New York City museum that features a spiraling ramp design by Frank Lloyd Wright.

Guggenheim

One of this man's works shows a group of forty-two soldiers and two horses, and is located in the same city as a work which shows two men with their backs towards opposite sides of a pillar inscribed with "1666". This man sculpted a series of gargoyles for Princeton University, and those aforemented works are Wars of America and Indian and Puritan. Another one of his works shows a man with butterfly-like wings leaping off of a rock, and another one shows seven ravenous horses galloping over a hill. This artist of The Aviator and (*)) Mares of Diomedes won a competition against John Quincy Adams Ward to design a memorial to Phillip Sheridan, and another of his works is a relief depicting Jefferson Davis, Robert E Lee, and Stonewall Jackson; that work is Stone Mountain. For 10 points, name this sculptor most famous for putting representations of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln on Mount Rushmore.

Gutzon Borglum

One work by this person shows John Ruskin seated with a book in his right hand, and his bronze bust of Lincoln is at the Smithsonian Museum of American Art. Chicago displays this person's statues of John Altgeld and General Sheridan. Augustus Lukeman completed a work that this person abandoned showing Stonewall Jackson, Jefferson Davis, and Robert E. Lee. An assistant to this person, Korczak Ziolkowski, began work on the Crazy Horse Memorial. Name this sculptor whose most famous work, located in the Black Hills of South Dakota and showing four presidents, is Mount Rushmore.

Gutzon Borglum

This artist got into a public debate about the gender of angels after a clergyman stated that one of his sculptures of angels for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine did not have a stern and masculine face. One of this artist's subjects is a nude man who has a sheathed dagger and can be found at the University of Virginia; that sculpture honors James McConnell, a pilot killed during World War I. This man's son, named Lincoln, finished his largest sculpture after he died; the climax of (*) North by Northwest features that sculpture by this artist. This artist of The Aviator rejected the "Needles" as a potential site for a sculpture honoring four men who "preserved the Republic." For 10 points, name this sculptor who created the sculptures at Mt. Rushmore.

Gutzon Borglum

This sculptor created a winged figure standing on a globe as a memorial for the Aviator James R. McConnell. This man's first major work was the bronze Mares of Diomedes, which he followed up with an equestrian statue of Philip Sheridan. This sculptor created a marble bust of Abraham Lincoln for the Capitol Rotunda and abandoned a project in which Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, and Stonewall Jackson were carved into Stone Mountain. His best known work was finished by his son Lincoln and contains an enterable Hall of Records above a massive pile of granite remains. For 10 points, name this sculptor who designed Mount Rushmore.

Gutzon Borglum

One song in this musical, which was replaced by "Pet Me, Poppa" in a film adaptation, is sung by a woman who says that she's "talkin' in my sleep / about you!" Marlon Brando made his only musical appearance in this production, whose original cast included Robert Alda, Sam Levene, and Vivian Blaine. One song from this musical is titled for a phenomenon that "might give me the brush" and has a "very (*) un-lady-like way / of running out." This musical, which is based on the stories "Blood Pressure" and "The Idyll of Miss Sarah Brown," features the songs "A Bushel and a Peck," "Sit Down, You're Rocking the Boat," and "Luck Be a Lady." For 10 points, name this Frank Loesser musical based on Damon Runyan stories, which stars the craps-game-runner Nathan Detroit and the gambler Sky Masterson.

Guys and Dolls

At the beginning of this opera, a woman boards a ship anchored at Portsmouth and offers "snuff and tobacc-y" to its sailors. Later, the captain avers that he "hardly ever" swears, and that character, Corcoran, is revealed to have been switched with another character at birth. He intends to marry his daughter Josephine to the First Lord of the Admiralty, although she is in love with Ralph Rackstraw, while Little Buttercup ends up marrying the captain. For 10 points, name this Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera set aboard the title ship.

H.M.S. Pinafore

One character in this work sings "I always voted at my party's call, And I never thought of thinking for myself at all" in a song explaining how he achieved his high position, "When I was a lad." This work lampoons the idea that "love levels all ranks" by revealing that two of its characters, including Captain Corcoran, were switched at birth. This operetta begins with the arrival of Sir Joseph Porter to the title (*)) location, and ends with Sir Joseph consenting to the marriage of Josephine and Ralph Rackstraw. Including such songs as "I'm called Little Buttercup" and "A British tar," it is subtitled "The Lass That Loved a Sailor." For 10 points, name this Gilbert and Sullivan operetta set on the title boat.

H.M.S. Pinafore

This opera uses the melody of a traditional hornpipe in several of its vocal lines, including one in which a man sings about his promotion from an office boy at a law firm to his current position. In a song from this opera quoting "Der Erlkonig" and parodying Il trovatore, a woman confesses to a "long-concealed crime." A character in this opera changes his answer from "No, never" to "Well, hardly ever," as he is repeatedly asked "What, never?" A character in this opera decides to elope with her lover when her suitor pleads that "love levels all ranks," prompting her father to yell "Why, (*)) damme, it's too bad!," breaking his oath never to swear. Several lines of dialogue for Cousin Hebe were cut from this opera, in which Josephine's marriage to Joseph is stopped in its tracks after Little Buttercup reveals that she had switched the high-born Ralph at birth with the low-born Captain. For 10 points, name this Gilbert and Sullivan operetta set aboard the title ship.

H.M.S. Pinafore

In one of this composer's pieces, the orchestra uses a fugal style to weave around voices which constantly repeat the three note phrase A, B-flat, A, in the seventh movement, after which trombones, flutes, and male voices dominate the "Hostias" movement. He made a choral arrangement of an organ piece, then tricked critics by passing it off as the work of the imaginary17th century composer Ducre, before finally incorporating that piece, "The Shepherd's Farewell," into the "Flight into Egypt" section of an oratorio. This composer instructed timpanis to play sextuplets in thirds at the start of a movement with a single fortissimo G major chord, in a composition in which four bassoons and two tubas join to play a parody of the Dies irae. Acor anglais and an offstage oboe trade melodies, imitating shepherds, in that piece by him, in which a solo clarinet theme in the fourth movement represents a man's last conscious thought before the drop of a guillotine. For 10 points, name this composerof L'enfance du Christ, who used four offstage brass bands in his Requiem, and included a "March to the Scaffold" in his Symphonie Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

In one piece by this composer, four different brass bands are to be positioned in each cardinal direction and play offstage. In addition to that section labeled "Offertorium," that same piece by this composer features a "Lacrimosa" in 9/8 ("nine-eight") time. This man featured a viola in his second symphony to represent the title man(*) "in Italy", and in his most famous piece he used a clarinet motif called the "idee fixe" ("EE-day fix") to represent Harriet Smithson. For 10 points, name this composer of Symphonie Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

In the first part of this composer's only song cycle, each verse is followed by a progressively higher bassoon solo, while the fourth part, 'Absence', was orchestrated for their second wife, Marie Recio. This composer set six Théophile Gautier poems in Les nuits d'été [leh nwee DEH-tay], and won the Prix de Rome on their fourth attempt. Paganini rejected a work by this composer whose theme begins with the notes D, B, C, E in the solo viola for not being virtuosic enough. As well as that Byron-inspired work, this composer depicted two shepherds with a cor anglais and an offstage oboe. That work by this composer develops the idée fixe to its climax in a 'Witches' Sabbath'. For 10 points, name this composer of Harold in Italy and the Symphonie Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

The title character of one work by this composer asks Nature to cure him of his ennui in "Natureimmense, impenetrable et fière". In that work by him, a song about a rat in a kitchen that is poisonedis sung in a tavern by Brander. Instrumental excerpts from that work by this composer include "TheBallet of the Sylphes" and the (*)) "Rakoczy March". The finale of one orchestral work by him includesthe juxtaposition of the Dies irae with a "round dance" theme depicting a witches' sabbath. An idée fixe["EE-day feex"] represents the composer's love for Harriet Smithson in that symphony, which includes a"March to the Scaffold". For 10 points, name this French Romantic composer of The Damnation of Faustand Symphonie Fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

This composer borrowed music from his unfinished mass Messe solennelle for one piece dedicated to an Irish actress. "Serenade" titles the third movement of this composer's second symphony, in which a solo viola depicts the title character. This composer used an offstage oboe and English horn to depict two (*) shepherds in a "ranz des vaches" in a piece he composed under the influence of opium. In addition to using the dies irae motif to depict a witches sabbath, this composer used an idée fixe for a piece that includes the movement "March to the Scaffold". For 10 points, name this French composer of Symphonie fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

This composer claimed to have burned his juvenile Messe solennelle (MESS so-len-NELL), but it was found in 1991. This composer reused music from his abandoned Rob-Roy Overture for the title character's theme in his second symphony. In a large piece by this composer, four brass groups enter one at a time to evoke the four corners of the world. Eleven years after it was first serially published, this composer added a chapter on conducting to his Treatise on Instrumentation. In a symphony by this composer, English horns and oboes depict cowherds in the third movement, tubas and bassoons play the Dies Irae (DEE-ess EE-ray) in the fifth movement, and the Artist takes opium in the fourth movement, "March to the Scaffold." For 10 points, name this composer of Harold in Italy and Symphonie fantastique.

Hector Berlioz

A rhomboid, dome, and tilted cone clad in aluminum constitute this architect's design for the Macao Science Center. This architect was inspired by the Ibn Tulun Mosque to design a Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, while a research center designed by this architect in Colorado was inspired by Anasazi cliff dwellings. This architect of (*) Mesa Laboratory received heavy criticism for a project whose main structure resembles the entrance to this architect's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. That design by this man includes a glass-covered entrance to the Parisian art museum it sits in front of. For 10 points, name this architect of the Louvre Pyramid, who died in 2019.

I.M. Pei

He used reinforced concrete and glass to achieve a tent-like structure on a hexagonal base for the Luce Memorial Chapel, while a spiraling complex leads to a wedge-like structure connected to an elliptical glass room where a large American flag hangs from the ceiling in his John F. Kennedy Library. A tilted rectangular building that is seemingly held off the ground by large stone pillars comprises his design for the Dallas City Hall, while he claimed that he designed one building to look as though it were "carved out of the mountain". This designer of the National Center for Atmospheric Research also designed a building which had early problems when the wind blew out many of the glass panes. For 10 points-name this designer of the John Hancock Tower, who also designed an infamous Glass Pyramid outside the Louvre.

I.M. Pei

This architect used then-unusual all-glass mullions for the facade of his now-demolished Sundrome at JFK. Walter Roberts used the phrase "just a bunch of towers" to criticize this architect's initial design for the Pueblo-inspired NCAR Mesa Laboratory. The Myriad Botanical Gardens and Convention Center were constructed as part of this man's namesake design plan for Oklahoma City. He designed a building in which a "glass tent" made up of two triangles leans against a white rectangular tower on the coast of Lake Erie. His most famous design is for a structure located between the Sully, Denon, and Richelieu Wings of an art museum and, despite popular myth, does not actually have 666 panes. For 10 points, name this architect of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Louvre Pyramid.

I.M. Pei

An andantino dolente section of a ballet by this composer features string tremolos and metrically ambiguous oboe and clarinet solos that obscure the beat for the thirteen women in nightgowns in the "Intercession of the Princesses" dance. One choreographer of a ballet by this man said that the Moor should be danced all turned out, but the introverted title (*)) puppet should be all turned in. One ballet by this composer begins a group of five dancers in primitive costumes jumping and stomping rhythmically to the beat in that ballet's Dance of the Adolescent Girls, one of whom is eventually sacrificed as part of "The Adoration of the Earth." That work was commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev and choreographed by Vaslav Nijinski. For 10 points, name this composer for ballets like Petrushka, The Firebird, and The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

Every movement of this composer's Violin Concerto starts with the triple-stop, two-octave-spanning "Passport" chord. In a ballet by this composer, the accents in the strings' harsh repeated staccato F-flat and E-flat seventh polychords are mimicked by the young girls stomping on stage. This composer portrayed the title character of another ballet using two simultaneous major triads a tritone apart. This composer of (*) Petrushka began another ballet with a very high bassoon solo, and that ballet by this composer led to riots at its premiere. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

In a ballet by this composer, Furbo disguises himself as a magician and performs a fake resurrection of the title character. That ballet by this composer was named after a character common to commedia dell'arte and Neapolitan puppetry who usually wears a mask with a beaklike nose. In another ballet by this composer, the title character is in love with a Ballerina who is instead attracted to a Moor. That ballet by this composer was choreographed by Michel Fokine with set designs by Alexandre Benois and utilizes a chord consisting of (*) superimposed C major and F-sharp major triads. This composer of a ballet that takes place at the Shrovetide Fair also wrote a ballet that was choreographed by Vaslav Nijinsky and ends with an adolescent girl's "Sacrificial Dance." For 10 points, name this composer of the ballets Pulcinella, Petruschka, and The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

In a symphony by this composer, the second movement is a 4/8 time double fugue whose subject is introduced by an unaccompanied solo oboe. One of his ballets is scored for four vocal soloists, chorus, four pianos, and percussion. This composer created an operatic soprano who resolves to travel to London to find her fiancé in an aria titled "No word from" the title character. In one of his symphonies, a chorus enters for the first time on the words "exaudi orationem meam." He wrote an opera whose protagonist marries Baba the Turk instead of Anne Trulove after being deceived by (*)) Nick Shadow. This composer wrote the ballet Les noces, the opera The Rake's Progress, and the Symphony of Psalms during his Neoclassical period. Flute trills dominate the "Spring Rounds" section of "The Adoration of the Earth" in another of his ballets. A "Sacrificial Dance" depicts a young woman dancing herself to death in that riot-inducing 1913 ballet by this composer. For 10 points, name this composer of The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

In the second movement of this composer's violin concerto, the soloist opens with a held rolled chord, followed by three loud, dissonant pizzicato chords also played by the cellos and basses. This composer almost completely eschewed dynamics from the "Rondoletto" third movement of a misleadingly-titled Serenade in A. The third and final movement of one of this composer's symphonies uses triplets in the horns and piano to evoke a chariot and opens with a slow setting of the phrase (*) "Alleluia. Laudate Dominum." An Andantino theme and variations follows the Sinfonia first movement of this composer's 1923 Octet for wind instruments. Each movement of this composer's violin concerto opens with the two-octave-spanning "passport" chord. For the fiftieth anniversary of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Serge Koussevitzky commissioned this composer to write a three-movement Latin choral symphony. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote a Symphony of Psalms during his neoclassical period, which followed his Russian-period ballets Petrushka and The Firebird.

Igor Stravinsky

One of this composer's symphonies begins with the strings plucking an E minor chord with extra "G"s, followed by an octatonic ostinato in the oboe and bassoon. He used a septet of violin, bass, clarinet, bassoon, cornet, trombone, and percussion to accompany the Devil and a narrator in a collaboration with C.F. Ramuz. During his (*) "neoclassical" period, this composer wrote The Soldier's Tale and Symphony of Psalms. He used an extremely high bassoon solo to open a ballet in which a virgin dances herself to death as part of a pagan ritual. For 10 points, name this Russian composer whose music sparked a riot at the 1913 première of his ballet The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

This composer incorporated three branles, a sarabande, and a galliard in a ballet that marked his transition to serialism. In one work by this composer, a drumroll links the Shrovetide Fair to a section in which two clarinets introduce a stacked C and F-sharp major chord representing the title character. In another work by this composer of Agon (*), a series of games are interrupted by the "Procession of the Wise Elder". This man wrote a ballet whose last movement erratically changes meter almost every measure and depicts a virgin ritually dancing herself to death. That ballet opens with a high bassoon solo and caused a riot at its 1913 Paris premiere. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

This composer overlaid C and F-sharp major triads in a ballet in which the title character is trapped in the Moor's Room and escapes to the Shrovetide Fair. Princesses in one of this composer's ballets dance a Khorovod and play a game with golden apples after having been enchanted by Koschei the Immortal. Serge (*) Diaghilev's Ballets Russes first performed a ballet by this composer in which the title character catalyzes an Infernal Dance, and he wrote Petrushka and The Firebird. For 10 points, name this composer of a ballet that caused a riot at its 1913 Paris premiere, The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

This composer wrote a ballet whose finale begins with a lyrical horn solo in 3/2 time. The title character is captured while plucking some golden apples in this composer's ballet featuring a sorcerer who is put to sleep by a solo bassoon-introduced lullaby shortly after he and his subjects are lulled into a frenzied "Infernal Dance." In another of his ballets, Part I, titled "The Adoration of the Earth," begins with an unusually high-pitched unaccompanied bassoon solo. A young girl is sacrificed at the end of that ballet, which sparked a riot at its 1913 premiere. For 10 points, name this composer of The Firebird and The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

This composer wrote a piece for only wind players that has a finale based on the khovorod dance. This composer wrote showpieces for himself like a Concerto For Piano and Wind Instruments and a Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra at the commission of Sergei Koussevitzky, who also commissioned a choral piece by him to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. This non-Beethoven composer of a notable wind octet also wrote a piece for the 30th wedding anniversary of (*) Robert and Mildred Bliss. This composer tried to reduce massive orchestras and return to the sonata form of Mozart's era by shifting to a "neoclassical" style, producing pieces like the Symphony of Psalms and the Dumbarton Oaks Concerto. For 10 points, name this composer who used a bassoon solo to open his ballet The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

This composer's five-tone row E E-flat C C-sharp D is transformed antiphonally by trombone and string quartets in the two Dirge-Canons flanking a Thomas poem. A symphony by this composer opens with a harsh spaced E minor chord, doubling G, and a block of gyrating double-reed 16th notes, before the chorus chants "Exaudi" on E and F. The princess just dances in his Faustian parable for narrator, percussionist, and three pairs of instruments, (*)) The Soldier's Tale. Robert Craft premiered his Requiem Canticles and Agon, late works in the twelve-tone technique. He used Rimsky-Korsakov's khorovod and octatonic scale for an "Infernal Dance." This composer arranged Suite italienne out of a ballet based on music believed to be by Pergolesi. He wrote Pulcinella in his neoclassical period and Firebird in his Russian period. For 10 points, name this composer of The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

This composer's second chamber concerto in E-flat is named for the estate of Robert and Mildred Bliss. A ballet by this man also contains a superposition of C and F# [f-sharp] triads. This composer of the Dumbarton Oaks Concerto omitted both violins and violas in his Symphony of Psalms. This composer of The Soldier's Tale and (*) Petrushka also wrote a ballet that opens with an infamously high-pitched bassoon solo. That piece, which includes The Ritual of Abduction and The Sacrificial Dance, caused a riot at its Paris premiere in 1913. For 10 points, name this composer of The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

This man's use of folk traditions from his home country was the subject of a 1996 book by Richard Taruskin. This composer may have borrowed from his teacher a system of pitch organization that led Arthur Berger (burger) to coin the term "octatonic"; he used that system for a ballet that includes the tableaus "The Bridegroom's House" and "The Wedding Feast" and is titled Les noces. He combined clashing C major and F-sharp major (*) triads in a chord from one ballet. He used a Lithuanian folk melody as the basis for the high-pitched opening bassoon solo from "The Adoration of the Earth" in another ballet. He wrote Petrushka for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Rite of Spring.

Igor Stravinsky

The fourth movement of this composer's second symphony is marked sotto voce ["SO-toe VO-chay"] and borrows a four-note "do-ti-do-mi" motive from the first movement of that symphony. The last movement of this composer's fourth symphony begins with a chaconne on an ascending E minor scale; that chaconne may have been inspired by Bach's cantata For Thee, O Lord, I Long. This composer's third symphony opens with an (*)) F-A flat-F motive, a minor variant of this composer's "Frei, aber froh" ["FRAY AH-ber FROH"] motive. This composer took 20 years to complete his first symphony, and he said that "any ass could see" that the main theme in that symphony's finale was reminiscent of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. For 10 points, name this German composer of Academic Festival Overture and German Requiem.

Johannes Brahms

This composer used a theme from Handel's Harpsichord Suite No. 1 in a set of twenty-five variations for solo piano. His late works include a series of clarinet pieces for Richard Mühlfeld and a set of eleven chorale preludes for organ. His violin concerto is the last major piece of its kind to have the soloist improvise a cadenza, though most performances use the one by its dedicatee, Joseph Joachim. This composer quoted (*) drinking songs such as "What comes there from on high?" and "Gaudeamus igitur" in a companion piece to the Tragic Overture titled the Academic Festival Overture. Selections from the Luther Bible, rather than Latin texts, form the basis for his German Requiem. For 10 points, name this German Romantic composer of a namesake lullaby.

Johannes Brahms

This man composed two sonatas for Richard Mühlfield, and he helped Antonin Dvorak gain fame. An extreme perfectionist, this man destroyed many of his early works, and labored over his first symphony for 15 years. This man's last major work was the Four Serious Songs, and the St. Anthony Chorale is the basis for this man's Variations on a Theme of (*) Haydn. A companion piece to the Tragic Overture was composed by this man after receiving an honorary degree from the University of Breslau, which inspired another work. This composer of the Academic Festival Overture wrote a famous lullaby, and his first symphony was nicknamed "Beethoven's Tenth." For ten points, name this Romantic German composer of A German Requiem and a set of 21 Hungarian Dances.

Johannes Brahms

This man's second symphony begins in "3-4" time with the cellos and basses playing quarter notes "D, C-sharp, D" then a long "A" as the horns enter. He published several sets of short piano pieces as his Opuses 116 through 119. This friend of Joseph Joachim [YAW-khim] waited until he was 43 to write his C-minor first symphony, which he followed with three more. Early on, he lived with Robert (*) Schumann and probably fell in love with Schumann's wife, Clara. This composer's fans liked to contrast him with Richard Wagner [VAHG-nur]. His first symphony was dubbed "Beethoven's Tenth." For 10 points, name this composer of A German Requiem and Hungarian Dances.

Johannes Brahms

This piece was described at its premiere as 45 minutes of "tugging and pulling" and "patching up and tearing apart of phrases and clichés" in an infamous review by Eduard Bernsdorf. In the recapitulation of this piece's first movement, the soloist re-enters on an E 4/2 ["four-two"] chord over a timpani roll on D. Both the first and second movements of this concerto begin in 6/4 time. The composer wrote the words Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini over its Adagio second movement. Joseph Joachim claimed that the trills in the opening theme of the piece represent the composer's reaction to hearing of (*)) Robert Schumann's attempted suicide. This was the piece played during the infamous concert of 1962 in which Leonard Bernstein disavowed the "remarkably broad tempi" that were about to be taken by Glenn Gould. For 10 points, name this early work for keyboard and orchestra, written 9 years before its composer's A German Requiem.

Johannes Brahms

His String Quartet in Four Parts is based on Indian philosophical views of the seasons, while his Apartment House 1776 was composed for the American bicentennial. He based another work on Satie's Socraté, while he used text by James Joyce for a work subtitled "an Irish circus on Finnegan's Wake." In addition to Cheap Imitation and (*)) Roaratorio, his Etudes Australes made prominent use of star charts. This man is more famous for works created using a "prepared piano," as well as a four-part series that uses phonographs and radios as instruments. For 10 points, identify this American composer of the Imaginary Landscape series and a work in which no notes are played for 273 seconds.

John Cage

In a followup piece to one of this composer's works, the only directions ask for the musician to "perform a disciplined action". Merce Cunningham choreographed a ballet by this man that implemented the "gamut technique", and this composer used the I Ching as inspiration for his Music of Changes. Objects such as (*) screws, bolts, and clothespins are placed on a keyboard in this man's invention of the "prepared piano", and one of his pieces begins with the performer closing the lid of a piano. For ten points, name this American minimalist composer, whose most famous piece consists of four minutes and thirty three seconds of silence.

John Cage

This artist turned the Philadelphia Museum of Art into a "circus" of simultaneous video screenings, readings, and performances, whose locations were in constant flux as determined randomly by computer. This curator of the Rolywholyover project arranged drawings of seeds, animal tracks, and nests from the journal of Henry David Thoreau into an etching structured as haiku poetry. While an alphabetically later artist applied paint to the wheel, this man drove a Ford Model A over a 22-foot scroll of paper to form the title Automobile Tire Print, which imitated Far Eastern scroll painting. This man was influenced by (*)) Robert Rauschenberg's White Paintings, a set of completely white canvases, to create what he described as "my silent piece." That work was also influenced by a visit to Harvard's anechoic chamber, and reflects the influence of Zen Buddhism and chance on this artist's works. For 10 points, name this American artist who is best known as the avante-garde composer of 4'33".

John Cage

This composer did not allow a company to stage his Europera 4 without staging his Europera 3. He used text from Finnegans Wake in his works Nowth upon Nacht, The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs, and Roaratorio. This composer also created a series of five pieces called Imaginary Landscape, the fourth of which uses twelve radios. One of his pieces was first performed by David Tudor, who sat at a piano without playing it. Name this avant-garde composer of Four Minutes, Thirty-Three Seconds.

John Cage

This composer drew rhythmic inspiration from Erik Satie's Socrate for his indeterminate piece Cheap Imitation. This composer of the incredibly virtuosic Freeman Etudes for violin used Finnegans Wake as the basis for his Roaratorio. He wrote a work for David Tudor titled Music of Changes based off of the I Ching, in addition to a piece in which twelve radios are tuned to twelve different stations, his "Imaginary Landscape Number 4." In this man's best known piece, a pianist is instructed to sit at his bench and flip pages of a score without playing any notes. For 10 points, name this American who explored composition relying on ambient noise in his 4'33".

John Cage

This composer used star maps of the Southern Hemisphere to compose his piano collection Etudes Australes. The structure of many of this composer's works, including Music of Changes, is largely based on random charts generated from the I Ching. This composer's Sonatas and Interludes features an instrument altered with screws, rubber, plastic and an eraser. This creator of the prepared piano also composed the Imaginary Landscape series, which includes a work featuring twelve radios as instruments. For 10 points, name this avant-garde American composer of a work showcasing four minutes and thirty-three seconds of unique silence.

John Cage

This composer's String Quartet in Four Parts drew on the Indian association of the seasons to different creative forces. His collection Sonatas and Interludes requires placing screws, bolts, and pieces of rubber inside the piano, a technique he developed called the "prepared piano." He created a piece played by twelve radios tuned to random stations, the fourth of his Imaginary Landscapes. One of his works for piano was inspired by his visit to Harvard's anechoic chamber, and consists of a performer sitting at a piano and not (*)) playing for the title length of time. For 10 points, name this avant-garde American composer of 4'33'' (four minutes and thirty-three seconds).

John Cage

A piano piece by this composer begins in the Lydian mode of A and oscillates between two modes as it repeatedly modulates around the circle of fifths. "Hymning Slews" and "Loops and Verses" are the inner movements of a piece by this composer said to remind him of the energetic dancing of the title sect. This composer called for tape recordings of city traffic, footsteps, and a siren at the start of a piece played against the backdrop of voices reciting of a long (*)) list of names. A boy's voice repeats the word "missing" in the rhythm of a heartbeat at the start of a "memory space" by this composer that sets text from the New York Times's "Portraits of Grief" and was commissioned after the September 11 attacks. For 10 points, name this composer of Phrygian Gates, Shaker Loops, On the Transmigration of Souls, and the opera Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

In one of this composer's operas, one of the antagonists questions whether birds that land on a ship's railing are the true custodians of the earth. The second act of that opera by this man opens with a description of Hagar meeting the Angel; the same opera ends with Marilyn singing "They should have (*) killed me, I wanted to die". In another of this composer's operas, the title character views a performance of The Red Detachment of Women, after arriving by aeroplane and being greeted by Zhou Enlai. For 10 points, name this American composer of The Death of Klinghoffer and Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

Leila Josefowicz premiered this man's dramatic symphony for violin and orchestra, Scheherazade.2. Two offstage trumpets call back and forth in his Tromba Lontana, a work he included in Two Fanfares for Orchestra along with Short Ride in a Fast Machine. This composer rose to prominence in recent years for a work commemorating the victims of 9/11 and for a revival of an opera which explores the hijacking of the Achille Lauro. This composer of The Death of Klinghoffer also arranged an opera "outtake" which depicts Madame Mao dancing with the Chairman. For 10 points, name this American composer of Doctor Atomic and Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

Mahmoud keeps watch following the "Ocean Chorus" in one of this man's operas, while another work by this man was commissioned by the Great Woods Festival and features a woodblock ostinato. A character in one of this man's operas is gifted a glass elephant after traveling on the Spirit of '76, and later watches the (*) Red Detachment of Women. A 1985 PLO hijacking inspired this man's The Death of Klinghoffer, and he was commissioned to write On the Transmigration of Souls following the September 11 attacks. For 10 points, name this modern American composer of Short Ride in a Fast Machine and Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

One of this composer's symphonies extracts the "panic" and "military matters" music from one of his operas. His self-described "opus one" is a piano piece which shifts through various keys, alternating between the Lydian and namesake modes. A commission from the Great Woods Festival resulted in a fanfare by this man which opens with a pulsing (*)) woodblock ostinato that is soon joined by four trumpets. Another of his works is a "memory space" featuring a children's chorus and recorded readings of victims' names. This composer of Phrygian Gates and Short Ride in a Fast Machine also created the 9/11 memorial On The Transmigration of Souls. For 10 points, name this American minimalist composer of Doctor Atomic.

John Coolidge Adams

One of this composer's works has a major theme with two main components: slurred dotted quarter notes of pitches B-A and four slurred quarters of pitches C#, D, up to B, A. That work ends with sandpaper blocks playing sixteenth notes over a hi-hat and woodblock beat. The first movement of another of this composer's works opens and closes with the brass and percussion playing repeated E minor chords. The third movement of that work was inspired by this composer's dream about his daughter Emily, while the second was based on the legend of the (*)) Fisher King. Those movements are "Meister Eckhardt and Quackie" and "The Anfortas Wound." This composer of Harmonielehre wrote a "foxtrot for orchestra" that was an "out-take" on one of his operas. That work, The Chairman Dances, is a companion to an opera with choruses like "The Eight Points of Attention" and "The Three Main Rules of Discipline." For 10 points, name this American composer of Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

This composer included the tracks "Cerulean," "Disappointment Lake," and "Tourist Song" on his album Hoodoo Zephyr. Jorja Fleezanis premiered this composer's violin concerto, which climaxes with a furious "Toccare." A piano piece by this composer begins with a long A Lydian section followed by a short A Phrygian section and then continues to alternate Lydian and Phrygian modes around the circle of fifths. Another work by this composer opens with a pre-recorded tape of a cityscape before a young boy repeats the word "missing." His Two Fanfares for Orchestra include a piece driven by a constant woodblock ostinato, as well as Tromba Lontana. This composer of Phrygian Gates and Short Ride in a Fast Machine paid tribute to the victims of 9/11 in On the Transmigration of Souls. For 10 points, name this minimalist American composer of the operas Doctor Atomic and Nixon in China.

John Coolidge Adams

One character in this opera sings to the overcoat he is about to sell in the aria "Vecchia zimarra." Another character in this opera sings farewell to her lover in "Addio senza rancor" in a scene in Act III, set by a tollhouse. Earlier, a character in this opera had won back a former lover by singing "Quando m'en vo" to incite his jealousy, before instructing a waiter to put all of her friends' charges on Alcindoro's bill. Musetta sells her earrings for medicine, but even Rodolfo's remembrance of a pink bonnet cannot save the tubercular Mimi in this opera. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera about a group of poor artists living in Paris.

La Boheme

One character in this opera tells her life story in an aria beginning "Mi chiamano," followed by her name. In this opera, the elderly Alcindoro becomes the escort of Musetta, who attempts to make her lover Marcello jealous. This opera, which also contains the aria "Che gelida manina," ends in a garret where Rodolfo cares for a bedridden Mimi, who is dying of tuberculosis. The basis for the musical Rent, this is, for 10 points, what opera about poor Parisians living in the Latin Quarter, written by Giacomo Puccini?

La Boheme

The last name of one character in this work is jokingly said to be "Temptation"; she sings the waltz "Quando me'n vo soletta per la via" after the appearance of a toy vendor named Parpignol (PAR-pihn-yohl). This opera opens with a painter working on The Passage of the Red Sea and a poet deciding to burn the manuscript of one of his plays. The poet soon assists and falls in love with a seamstress. Other important characters are a philosopher named Colline and a mu- sician named Schaunard. The love between Rodolfo and Mimi turns tragic when Mimi gets sick, probably with tuber- culosis. Name this Giacomo Puccini opera set in the Latin Quarter of Paris that inspired the Jonathan Larson musical Rent.

La Boheme

The protagonists of this work flee a tavern and make Alicandro foot their bill, and Benoit drunkenly admits to have had an affair with a sketchy woman in this work's first act. One protagonist of this opera pockets a key which was lost after two candles are blown out by the wind in one scene, and one character sings the aria " Quando me 'n vo" to a former lover in this opera. A poet buys his lover a bonnet in this opera, which opens with the central characters using a manuscript as fuel for a stove. Colline sadly pawns his coat to get money for medicine towards this opera's ending. For 10 points, name this opera set in the Latin Quarter which ends with Mimi dying in the arms of Rodolfo, written by Giacomo Puccini.

La Boheme

In 2015, one of this man's tapestries, titled Les Dés Sont Jetés, was hung for public display in the Western Foyers of the Sydney Opera House. This man designed a chaise longue that he called a "relaxing machine". This man's architecture was inspired by the human form, which became a motif in his (*) Modulor system. In order to form a free façade, this man used a grid of pilotis, which is one of his "five points of architecture" outlined in his treatise Towards a New Architecture. For 10 points, name this Swiss International Style architect who designed Chandigarh's city plans, the Chapelle Notre Dame du Haut, and the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier

This architect designed a 51-unit housing complex intended for workers in Pessac. This architect proposed a building design that was originally cruciform-shaped and later changed to a "chicken-claw." That design, the "Cartesian skyscraper," was part of this architect's ideal "Radiant City," which influenced this architect's design of a city where he placed many "open hand" sculptures. This architect outlined his philosophy towards the design of modern buildings in his Five Points of Architecture, and he designed the Indian city Chandigarh. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who wrote the manifesto Towards a New Architecture and designed the Villa Savoye (sa-VWAH).

Le Corbusier

This architect developed a plan for a house which eliminated ceiling support beams in order to facilitate mass construction, known punningly as the Dom-Ino House. With Amédée Ozenfant, this architect co-founded Purism, a movement which strove to eliminate detail and was an offshoot of Cubism. This architect used a central ramp in one of the homes he designed in Poissy ("PWA-sea"), and he built upon plans by Maciej Nowicki ("MA-chey NOVE-its-ki")and Albert Mayer to design a (*) planned city featuring an "open hand" motif and partially based on his "Radiant City." This designer of Chandigarh outlined five points in his Toward an Architecture. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect behind the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier

This architect modeled the east and west facades of the Mill Owners' Association Building after sun breakers. This architect applied his Modulor system to proportions of his various works. The Open Hand symbolizes peace and reconciliation for this architect, and can be seen in (*) Chandigarh, India. One of his most famous buildings is representative of his "five points," which was detailed in his book, Towards a New Architecture. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who designed the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier

This architect used metal sheets to create a weathervane-like structure for his Open Hand Monument. He used the height of a man with his arm raised as the basis for a system of proportions called Modulor. This man invented a cube-shaped armchair called the "Grand Confort", developed a Y-shaped "hen's foot" floor plan for his proposed "Cartesian skyscraper", and used some of the principles of his (*)) "Radiant City" in his design for Chandigarh. Horizontal windows, roof gardens, and the replacement of support walls with stilts called pilot is were among the "five points" described in a manifesto by this architect, who put them into practice with his Villa Savoye. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who wrote Towards a New Architecture.

Le Corbusier

This architect's plan for a "contemporary city" features cruciform skyscrapers surrounded by parks. This architect wrote that "regulating lines" are an "inevitable element of Architecture." This architect built the Palace of Assembly in a city he designed, which is the site of the largest of his Open Hand sculptures. The entryway of a house by this architect curves to match the turn radius of a car. Many of this architect's buildings are made of concrete and raised on pilotis, which comprise one of his Five Points of Architecture. This planner of the city of Chandigarh ("CHUN-dig-arr") wrote the book Towards a New Architecture. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French Modernist architect of the Villa Savoye ("vee-lah sav-WAH").

Le Corbusier

This man argued that architecture has historically been dominated by the influence of "regulating lines." The Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard is one of this man's two buildings in the Americas. He connected one of his buildings with the wings of a dove and included irregularly spaced rectangular openings within its two-feet thick walls. This man based his designs on the Modulor system, based on the figure of a human male. This city planner of Chandigarh, India used columns called pilotis to raise many of his buildings above the ground. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who designed Notre Dame du Haut and the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier

This man designed the Assembly Building and the Palace of Justice, the latter of which contains three distinct walls colored green, yellow, and red. His many Open-Hand sculptures resemble the silhouettes of doves, and a replica of another one of his buildings in Canberra, Australia is colored completely black. That work is supported by ground-level pilotis and utilizes this architect's "Five Points." This planner of the city of Chandigarh designed a white building that features a roof doubling as a garden and a terrace. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect of the Villa Savoye and author of Towards a New Architecture.

Le Corbusier

This person created the design of nine hyperbolic paraboloids that greeted visitors with the composition Concret PH ("con-CRET pay-ahsh"). This person, who is not a composer, collaborated with Iannis Xenakis ("YAH-niss zeh-NOCK-iss") to create music for the opening of the Philips Pavilion, and also worked with Xenakis on the convent of Sainte Marie de La Tourette. This person devised a system of measurement based on the proportions of a six-foot-tall man. The Athens Charter was based off this person's syndicalist-inspired concept of the (*) "Radiant City," which inspired his design of a city with open-hand sculptures. He described the house as a "machine for living in" and suggested the use of pilotis and roof gardens in his treatise Towards a New Architecture. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who incorporated his five points of architecture into the Villa Savoye ("vee-lah sav-WAH").

Le Corbusier

His lectures on music at Harvard are collected under the name of a Charles Ives work, "The Unanswered Question", and this composer of the Jeremiah and Kaddish Symphonies is famous for a series of televised Young People's Concerts. One musical by this man includes "New York, New York;" in addition to (*)) On the Town, he is most famous for a musical featuring the songs "Cool" and "Something's Coming" that sees Riff stab Bernardo in a fight between the Jets and the Sharks. Name this American composer of Candide and West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

In one of this composer's symphonies all the instruments except the percussion and the piano drop out during a scherzo part called "the Masque" found in the second movement, which begins with a section called "The Dirge." He included movements titled "Agathon," "Phaedrus: Pausanias," and "Socrates" in a work written for solo violin, strings, harp, and percussion titled Serenade after Plato's Symposium. His second symphony's first movement features fourteen variations divided into two parts called "The Seven Ages" and "The Seven Stages," while his first symphony begins with the "Amidah" theme in the first movement titled "Prophecy" followed by sections called "Profanation" and "Lamentation." This composer's third symphony features a speaker who wakes up a sleeping God from his naive dream of human happiness, and that symphony is dedicated to the memory of John F. Kennedy. For 10 points, name this American composer who wrote the Jeremiah Symphony and the Kaddish Symphony in addition to writing the music for West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

In one work by this composer, a flute solo addresses various members of the choir before a previously unseen member sings, "Sing God a Secret Song." In that piece by this composer, the Celebrant angrily hurls the communion but is later calmed with an Agnus Dei called "Things Get Broken." In one of his symphonies, a solo piano opens a section called "The Dirge," before which a clarinet duet opens "The Seven (*)) Ages" and "The Seven Stages." Besides his second symphony, The Age of Anxiety, this man used a boys' choir that sings in Aramaic for his work commemorating the death of John F. Kennedy, Kaddish. For 10 points, name this longtime music director of the New York Philharmonic, known for composing the music to West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

One of this man's choral pieces features a boy soprano singing the Psalm of David. This composer of Chichester Psalms wrote the songs "Glitter and Be Gay" and "Make Our Garden Grow" for one operetta and the songs (*)) "America," "Somewhere," and "Maria" for a 1957 musical about the Jets and Sharks. For 10 points, name this longtime conductor of the New York Philharmonic, the composer of Candide and West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

This composer got his big break as the assistant to Artur Rodzinsky, when he caused a sensation while filling in for the sick conductor Bruno Walter. The first act of a work by this composer ends with a gong striking while two bodies lie dead onstage as the lighting fades to black, following a siren that disrupts a deadly fight. This composer hosted a series of televised "Young People's Concerts" as the music director of the (*) New York Philharmonic. He composed the music for the songs "Glitter and Be Gay" and "Make Our Garden Grow" for his operetta Candide, and wrote a musical which includes the songs "A Boy Like That" and "I Feel Pretty." For 10 points, name this American conductor and composer of West Side Story

Leonard Bernstein

This composer parodied Gounod's Air des Bijoux in a coloratura aria that requires the soprano to laugh hysterically while declaring, "If I'm not pure, at least my jewels are!" That aria, "Glitter and Be Gay," is sung by Cunegonde in this man's opera Candide. In another of his compositions, a girl feels "pretty and witty and gay" in a bridal shop after being serenaded by Tony, who is delighted that he has "just met a girl named Maria." For 10 points, identify this composer who depicted a conflict between the Jets and the Sharks in his musical West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

This composer wrote an operetta which includes the songs "It Must Be So" and "Glitter and Be Gay" based off a novella written by Voltaire. That work's overture was performed in Pyongyang on February of 2008 and is Candide. This composer is most famous for collaborating with (*) Stephen Sondheim to produce a musical about the rivalry between the Sharks and the Jets. For 10 points, name this director of the New York Philharmonic who composed West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

This composer wrote the music to a song that contains three G eighth notes followed by three higher C eighth notes followed by descending A F C quarter notes. A so-called "Theatre Piece for Singers, Players, and Dancers" by this composer that centers on a Celebrant is MASS, whose title is all capitalized. This man, who succeeded Dimitri Mitropoulous as music director of the New York Philharmonic, hosted many Young People's Concerts, which were notably televised. This man composed the Kaddish Symphony, which was premiered shortly after JFK's assassination. For 10 points, name this conductor who also composed the music to West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

This man composed a ballet centering around Khonnon and Leah, titled Dybbuk. He composed the music to the operetta Candide, and dedicated his Kaddish Symphony to John F. Kennedy. This composer follows the Book of Lamentations in his Symphony No. 1, "Jeremiah," but he is best known for songs like "Cool," "A Boy Like That," and "Somewhere," about the conflict between the Jets and the Sharks. For 10 points, name this conductor and composer of the music to West Side Story.

Leonard Bernstein

Some experts state that this painting was produced as its artist's reaction to Matisse's Bonheur de Vivre while other early sketches indicate that the artist intended to include two men, one of whom was holding a skull. The bottom of this painting includes a small table on which a watermelon, some grapes, and other fruits are placed. One figure is partially covered in a pink robe, and a different figure holds a white sheet to cover her genitals. Yet another figure's breast is rendered as a quadrilateral, and that woman and the figure underneath her are wearing African masks. For ten points, identify this cubist work depicting five prostitutes on the title street, a work by Pablo Picasso.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

The artist of this work referred to it as his "first exorcism painting" and an attempt to "give spirits a form." The leftmost figure of this painting appears in profile facing right and raises a hand behind her to hold up a curtain of deep red, which appears to cast reddish light on her body. Studies for this painting depict a sailor and a skull-holding medical student interacting with its figures in a reception room, which was later simplified to a background of (*)) blue drapery. In the foreground of this painting, an apple, a pear, a bunch of grapes and a watermelon rind rest on a bundle of grey curtain. The three figures on the left of this painting were influenced by Iberian sculptures, while the two on the right wear African masks and display greater abstraction. For 10 points, name this major Cubist painting depicting five nude prostitutes, a work by Pablo Picasso.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

A character in this work goes undercover as Monsieur Madeleine after stealing silver from Bishop Myriel. That character rescues a sailor caught in the rigging of a ship and uses the resulting chaos to escape. Gavroche is killed while collecting ammunition, and another character in this novel is fired from the protagonist's factory. The protagonist settles down at Gorbeau House after confronting Thenardiers and retrieving Cosette, who promptly falls in love with a revolutionary named Marius. For 10 points, name this novel in which Javert attempts to apprehend Jean Valjean, by Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

In this novel, the Petit-Picpus is a convent of refuge, and the Friends of the ABC is a student group. One of the principle characters is saved from the Thernadiers, whose son Gavroche was shot after making fun of soldiers while standing on a barricade. Marius Pontmercy falls in love with Fantine's daughter Cosette in this work. For 10 points, name this novel in which Inspector Javert pursued Jean Valean, a work of Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

In this novel, the protagonist's daughter falls in love with Marius, who is rescued by the protagonist in an escape through the sewers. That man gives himself up to save an innocent man and is imprisoned in Toulon, from which he escapes and adopts the illegitimate child of Fantine. After committing a minor crime, he is followed by Inspector (*)Javert. Imprisoned for nineteen years for stealing a loaf of bread, Jean Valjean is the main character, along with his daughter Cosette in FTP What 1862 novel by Victor Hugo that was turned in to a successful musical?

Les Miserables

In this work, two young brothers stay a night in a hollow elephant statue, and punching a window in Gorbeau leads Azelma to gash her hand. This work's protagonist throws a coin into a fireplace eight years after robbing it from a Savoyard boy, Petit Gervais. In this novel, a boy sent by the Friends of the ABC to collect [*] rifle cartridges, Gavroche, is fatally shot; his parents, the Thenardiers, sneak into the wedding of Marius and Cosette after Eponine is the first to die at a June 5th revolt on the barricades. For 10 points, name this massive French novel centering on Inspector Javert and the escaped conflict Jean Valjean, by Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

One character in this novel accidentally saves a man's life while looting corpses at Waterloo .In this novel, the protagonist pays 30 francs for Thenardier [teh-NAR-dee-AY] to open a gate, and Marius marries (*)) Fantine's orphaned daughter, Cosette, whose guardian is pursued by Javert [jhah-VAYR]. For 10 points, name this novel about Jean Valjean a work by Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

One character in this novel must choose to defend the father of a woman he loves or the protagonist of this work; another of its characters, Little Gavroche, is killed during a political riot. The protagonist of this work is required to carry a yellow passport to note that he is a (*)) felon. The Bishop of Digne saves the main character's life by claiming he has given a candlestick as a gift. This novel's protagonist gives away Cosette when she marries Marius. For 10 points, name this Victor Hugo novel in which a loaf of bread is stolen by Jean Valjean.

Les Miserables

One character in this work receives two silver candlesticks from a bishop shortly before stealing a coin from a child named Petit Gervais. A woman in this novel sells her hair and front teeth to earn money for her daughter, who works for a pair of innkeepers, the Thenardiers. In this novel, Marius courts Fantine's daughter Cosette, who is adopted by a man pursued by a police inspector named Javert. For 10 points, identify this novel featuring Jean Valjean, written by Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

Petit Gervais runs away after the protagonist of this novel does not give back his coin. Enjolras leads a group in this novel called The Friends of the ABC and leads the June 5 revolt with a man who is saved from death by Eponine Thenardier. That man, Marius, loves Cosette, the daughter of Fantine and adopted child of the protagonist, who is constantly pursued by Inspector Javert. For 10 points, name this novel about Jean Valjean, written by Victor Hugo.

Les Miserables

This book declares that "pigritia" is a terrible word because it engenders the concepts of both theft and hunger, in a section that then notes that we live in a land of slang, going on to dissect the use of argots as a literary and social phenomenon. A so-called "Parenthesis" in this book criticizes convents for isolating its residents from the rest of the world. The narrator of this book recalls seeing a well in Hougoumont that was crammed with dead bodies while relating a lengthy recap of the Battle of (*) Waterloo. At the end of that section, this book describes how a thief who is looting dead bodies inadvertently saves the life of a colonel, whose life would be saved again years later by a seventeen-year old girl dressed as a boy throwing herself in front of a musket. Before launching into the main plot, this novel presents a novella-length analysis of the history and habits of the Bishop Myriel. For 10 points, name this novel that includes sizable digressions on topics like the Parisian sewer system, which appears in the final volume entitled "Jean Valjean."

Les Miserables

Hippolyte Bayard melodramatically protested the government's positive treatment of this other artist by depicting himself lying dead in a morgue in Self Portrait as a Drowned Man. An early work by this artist depicts three shelves of neatly piled Shells and Fossils. A still life by this artist depicts a framed print of an embracing couple and a cast of a ram's head on the wall behind two casts of putti on a table and a hanging wicker flask. In another of his photographs, a shadowy man having his shoe polished stands in front of a row of trees receding up an empty avenue. This man began a rivalry with Henry Fox Talbot years after the end of his coded correspondence with Joseph Nicéphore (*)) Niépce. This photographer of Still Life in Studio and Paris Boulevard developed a process in which a silver-plated sheet of copper is treated with fumes of iodine and mercury. For 10 points, name this French artist whose namesake "-otype" was the first method for creating photographs.

Louis Daguerre

Working with Pierre Ciceri, this man made the decorations for Aladdin and his Wonderful Lamp, the first play performed with gaslights at the Paris Opera. Furniture maker Alphonse Giroux was contracted to mass produce this man's greatest invention. He wowed viewers with The Inauguration of the Temple of Solomon which changed from a night-scene to a fully-lit temple. With Charles-Marie Bouton, this man operated the Diorama in Paris. This inventor entered into a partnership with Joseph Nicephore (*)) Niepce, who had independently devised the technique of heliography. This man came up with the idea for a key component of his best known invention when he accidentally left a spoon sitting on an iodized plate and then examined the spoon. He'd later claim that he "captured the light and arrested its flight" with that invention. For 10 points, identify this man who lends his name to an early type of photography.

Louis Daguerre

An example of this person's ornamented bases can be seen in the Bayard-Condict Building in New York City. This person and Daniel Burnham got into a dispute during the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition because this person's design for the Transportation Building did not fit in with the other buildings. He spent the last part of his career designing banks and the first part of his career working with Dankmar Adler. This architect designed the Chicago Stock Exchange building, whose entrance was reconstructed at the Art Institute of Chicago, and also helped design the Wainwright Building. Name this architect who mentored Frank Lloyd Wright.

Louis Sullivan

In one book, he suggests that architects should employ their childlike reactions when designing buildings and targets the architect of the Fisher Building. This man protested the classical architectural style of the Columbian Exposition by designing a building with a massive foil-covered "Golden Door." In addition to the Transportation Building, he designed a red-brick building with two arches that is inlaid with terracotta in Owatonna. That building, the National Farmer's (*)) Bank, is one of his namesake "Jewel Boxes." A frieze with bulls-eye windows is found below the cornice of his most famous building, a ten-story collaboration with Dankmar Adler. That building, found in St. Louis, is considered one of the first skyscrapers. For 10 points, name this architect of the Wainwright Building who said, "form follows function."

Louis Sullivan

One building by this architect was designed as a hotel and office block wrapped around an opera theater and had a 17-story tower. Another of his buildings is similar to an earlier edifice, except that its facade has ornamental terra cotta instead of bare brick rectangular columns. This architect and his partner designed the Auditorium Building in Chicago and Buffalo's (*)) Guaranty Building. He also made a building with a two-story sandstone base below a brick facade topped with an overhanging terra cotta cornice. That building has a frame made entirely of steel. For 10 points, name this collaborator of Dankmar Adler who designed early skyscrapers like St. Louis's Wainwright Building.

Louis Sullivan

One of his final works was a grey terra cotta fascade for the Krause Music Store, and he created three visibly different zones in his design for the Guaranty Building in Buffalo. After his career took a turn for the worse, he designed several banks, one found in Cedar Rapids. He had a noted dispute with Daniel Burnham over the White City at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago, which is also home to his Auditorium Building for Roosevelt University and the Carson Pirie Scott department store. For 10 points, name this long-time partner of Dankmar Adler who designed one of the first skyscrapers in St. Louis, the Wainwright Building, and who said "form follows function."

Louis Sullivan

This architect used gold leaf and arcade window walls for his Golden Door, part of the Transportation Building in Chicago. This architect's National Farmer's Bank, which uses terra cotta in its window outlines, is similar to one work that was commissioned by Hascal Taylor. This designer of the Buffalo Guaranty Building used floating ties for one work for which he collaborated with Dankmar Adler, the Auditorium Building, and drew on the exterior ornaments of Reims Catheral for another work largely constructed of red brick. The Wainwright Building was designed by, for 10 points, what architect, whose mantra was "form follows function?"

Louis Sullivan

This man designed a circular stained glass window inscribed in a carved diamond shape for a "keyhole" entrance, flanked by winged lions, to the Merchants' National Bank, one of a series of Midwestern banks termed his "jewel boxes." This man devised a tripartite structure inspired by the Classical [*] column for a building whose frieze consists of celery leaf carvings punctuated by circular windows. This man's Guarantee Building is sometimes called the "twin" of his red brick office building in St. Louis, the Wainwright Building. For 10 points, name this mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright and collaborator with Dankmar Adler, known as the "father of the skyscraper," who claimed that "form ever follows function."

Louis Sullivan

This man worked with George Elmslie to design the Harold C. Bradley House, and Elmslie designed the electroliers for a one-story building by this man that has two large arched windows and green terracotta bands in Owatonna, Minnesota. He wrote a series of fifty-two dialogues known as his Kindergarten Chats and proposed a natural three-part division of the title structures in another article. This designer of several small-town "jewel box" banks and author of "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered" included celery leaf ornamentation in the cornice of a ten-story red brick skyscraper in St. Louis. For 10 points, name this partner of Dankmar Adler who designed the Wainwright Building and said "form follows function."

Louis Sullivan

Alexander Calder's Ordinary is displayed outside one of this architect's buildings. This architect of the Lake Shore Drive Towers and also designed the Brno and Tugendhat chairs. He designed a house in Illinois with a core fireplace instead of interior walls and white horizontal slabs with floor-to-ceiling windows, his Farnsworth House. He collaborated with Philip Johnson on a building that only allows three window blind positions and is located on Park Avenue. Known for his maxim "less is more," for 10 points, name this last director of the Bauhaus and architect of the Seagram Building.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

He designed a Expressionism-inspired triangular skyscraper with a radical curtain wall for a 1921 competition, but it was never completed. In addition to his Friedrichstrasse proposal, this contributor to the magazine G and artistic director of the Weissenhof project had a certain Chicago project financed by developer Herbert Greenwald. This architect of the Lake Shore Drive Apartments created a 1951 dwelling similar to the residence of his sometime collaborator, the all-glass Farnsworth house. This proponent of "skin and bones" architecture worked with Philip Johnson on his most famous project on Park Avenue, and is known for the quote "Less is more". For 10 points, name this German architect of the Barcelona Pavillion and the Seagram Building, director of the Bauhaus.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

His design of the Brick Country House was compared to Theo Von Doesburg's Russian Dance. This architect of the Wolf House in Poland also worked on the Frederichstrasse Skyscraper project in Berlin. One building designed by this architect consists of horizontal slabs which sandwich a single room made of white-painted steel and floor-to-ceiling glass, while another of his major works features blinds with only three positions and contains the Four Seasons restaurant. For 10 points, name this last director of the Bauhaus, who designed the Farnsworth House, collaborated with Philip Johnson on the Seagram building, and was known for his maxim "less is more."

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

One of this man's works featured a Georg Kolbe statue called Alba placed in a small water basin. One of this architect's first major works had a back facade that could be completely opened and a translucent onyx wall on the interior. This man created a house for the Tugendhat family that contained his Brno chairs. In order to maintain a uniform facade, the window blinds (*) in a building designed by this architect only have three settings. That building uses exterior bronze I-beams to display structure and was a collaboration with Philip Johnson, who designed its Four Seasons Restaurant. The Seagram Building was designed by, for 10 points, what International Style architect who adopted the maxim "less is more?"

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

This architect listed among his favorite designs a 720 foot by 720 foot exposition hall that would have held 50,000 thousand people. This designer of the unrealized Chicago Convention Hall had a lengthy collaboration with the interior decorator Lilly Reich. He placed a glass facade around the rectangular frame of a building he taught in, IIT's Crown Hall. The brightness of Alexander Calder's Flamingo contrasts with the dark glass he used for the (*)) Chicago Federal Center, and other Chicago structures designed by this architect include the Lakeshore Drive apartments and the stilted Farnsworth House. He collaborated with Phillip Johnson on International Style Seagram Building in New York. For 10 points, name this German architect who adopted the motto "less is more."

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

This architect's final building, completed after his death, is the Martin Luther King Jr. Library in D.C. Cullinan Hall is one of two additions this architect made to the Caroline Weiss Law Building in Houston. He designed both the building and sculpture gardens for the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin. His German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition contained the first of his Barcelona chairs. Another of his works was purposely built in the floodplain of the Fox River, the Farnsworth House. For 10 points, "less is more" was the maxim of this International Style architect and final director of the Bauhaus.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

This architect's first art museum includes Brown pavilion and Cullinan Hall, both of which branched off the Caroline Weiss Law Building. In addition to that museum in Houston, this architect designed Crown Hall for the Illinois Institute of Technology. This architect is not Johnson, but he called for an abode that contained glass walls and had several flooding issues due to its proximity to the Fox River. This last director of the Bauhaus designed the Farnsworth House and apartments on 860-880 Lake Shore Drive. Collaboration between Philip Johnson and this architect resulted in the Seagram building. For 10 points, name this architect credited with saying "Less is more."

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

This man designed the first building in Germany's "Kulturforum" project, an art museum that features a heavy steel roof on glass walls and is called the New National Gallery. He oversaw the design of Canada's largest office complex, the five tower T-D Centre. This architect worked with Felix Candela to design buildings in Mexico City for Bacardi. He created a folding chair named after the site of the 1929 exposition; for that Barcelona-based event, he also designed the German pavilion. He designed an elevated house located in Plano, Illinois and named for Dr. Farnsworth. With Philip Johnson, this man designed the Seagram Building. For 10 points, name this architect, the last director of the Bauhaus.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

This man directed an exhibition whose posters showed Victorian living rooms crossed out by big red X's. This man designed an all-glass skyscraper consisting of three spearhead-plan towers arranged in a triangular plan. A house he designed features linear, stand-alone walls that jut out into the surrounding landscape in three directions. This man rocketed to international prominence with a quartet of never-built projects: the Concrete Office Building, the Concrete Country House, the Brick Country House, and the [*] Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper. This man was the first to design an all steel-frame apartment building, which he included at the Weissenhofsiedlung exhibition he directed. Upon moving to America, he designed the IIT campus and the Lake Shore Drive apartments. For 10 points, name this German architect of the International Style who proclaimed "less is more."

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

This man's Brno chair sits in a house of his design with a translucent onyx wall, the Villa Tugendhat. He designed a pair of high-rise apartment buildings in Chicago, the Lake Shore Drive towers. With a style characterized by exposed metal and glass elements, this architect designed the Farnsworth House. He co-designed a skyscraper with window blinds that only have three positions, and non-structural bronze-toned I-beams, and which contains the Four Seasons Restaurant. For 10 points, name this German architect who said "less is more" and co-designed the Seagram building.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

This man's only work in the Czech Republic has a glass window that can slide into the basement like a car's window and is called the Villa Tugendhat. This man oversaw the construction of the Weissenhof Estate for the Deutscher Werkbund. He was hired by the Armour Institute to replace the French-derived curriculum and design buildings such as (*)) Crown Hall. Along with Felix Candela, this man designed the Bacardi corporate headquarters, and he also designed many of the buildings on Lakeshore Drive. This man designed the Barcelona Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition, and he was the last director of the Bauhaus. For 10 points, name this man that designed the Seagram building and coined the term, "Less is more."

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

This man's works include a number of buildings on Nuns' Island in Montreal and a building which features a translucent onyx wall, the Villa Tugendhat. While working at IIT, he designed the Farnsworth House, and his "skin and bones" architecture is exemplified by such works as the Lake Shore Drive Apartments. He and Lilly Reich created the Barcelona Chair for his German Pavilion, while another of his designs features three-position window blinds and the Four Seasons Restaurant, and is located on Park Avenue. For 10 points, identify this last chairman of the Bauhaus, who said "less is more" and collaborated with Phillip Johnson on the Seagram Building.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

William Priestly aided this man in his plans for the Resor house, and this architect also created what was then Canada's tallest building, the Toronto-Dominion Centre. His plans to build a home for a Chicago kidney specialist were preceded by the construction of a pavilion consisting of a raised terrace and eight cruciform columns for the Barcelona Exhibition. In addition to the Farnsworth House in Plano, he co-produced a skyscraper on Park Avenue for a distilling company and was the last director of the Bauhaus. For 10 points, name this German architect whose collaboration with Philip Johnson produced the Seagram building, known for the adage that "less is more."

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

A tenor in this opera compares the title character to a figure from a painted screen in "Amore o grilo." That character in this opera promises to return to the title character "when the robins nest." A motif based on "The Star-Spangled Banner" is heard in this opera during the aria "Dovunque al mondo." The character Sharpless is a consul in this opera, whose title character imagines the return of her husband Pinkerton in the aria "Un bel di." This opera ends with Cio-Cio-San [cho-cho-sahn] committing suicide. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera set in Japan.

Madama Butterfly

At the end of Act 1 of this opera, one character sings Vogliatemi bene or "Love me, please" as part of a long love duet. A child is named Sorrow in this opera in which the Bonze renounces his niece for changing religions. One character in this opera wonders when the robin makes his nest and sings (*) Un bel di or "One Beautiful Day." Goro prepares the marriage of the title character and tries to convince the male lead to be faithful. That male lead of this opera is the American Naval officer Pinkerton. Cio-Cio ["chocho"] San commits suicide at the end of, for 10 points, what opera by Giacomo Puccini about the title Japanese woman?

Madama Butterfly

In the duet "Tutti i fior," this operatic title character wishes to "bring spring inside" upon the re-arrival of the USS Abraham Lincoln. Earlier in the opera, she sings the aria "Un bel di," waiting for "one beautiful day" when Lieutenant (*) Pinkerton will return, but when he returns with an American wife, she commits suicide. For 10 points, name this title character of a Giacomo Puccini opera, whose real name, Cio-Cio, [choh-choh], is Japanese for a certain fluttering insect.

Madama Butterfly

In the duet "Tutti i fior," this operatic title character wishes to "bring spring inside" upon there-arrival of the USS Abraham Lincoln. Earlier in the opera, she sings the aria "Un bel di," waiting for "one beautiful day" when Lieutenant (*)) Pinkerton will return, but when he returns with an American wife, she commits suicide. For 10 points, name this title character of a Giacomo Puccini opera, whose real name is Cio-Cio San [choh-choh san].

Madama Butterfly

In this opera's opening scene, a matchmaker is showing a naval officer the house that he has purchased for 999 years. During the wedding between the two main characters, the bride's uncle, the Bonze, bursts in and orders all the guests to leave. In one second-act aria, the bride sings about how she will notice "a thread of smoke arising on the sea" and "stay upon the brow of the hillock and wait there" as her husband returns to her home country. This opera uses "The Star-Spangled Banner" as a leitmotif for that husband. In the act after her aria "One fine day", the protagonist covers her child's eyes so it will not see her suicide after her attendant, Suzuki, tells her that Pinkerton has a new wife. FTP, name this opera that features the Japanese girl Cio-Cio San who is jilted by an American officer, by Giacomo Puccini.

Madama Butterfly

In this opera, the duet "Viene la sera" is sung after the female lead has an angry confrontation with one of her relatives. Another aria in it tells of a ship appearing on the horizon and declares that the singer will wait for a character represented by the "Star Spangled Banner" motif. That aria, "Un bel di, vedremo," is sung just before the protagonist talks to American consul Sharpless and reveals her baby that she had with her husband. At the end of this opera, a U.S. naval officer named Pinkerton discovers that his wife, whose real name is Cio-Cio San, has killed herself in their home in Nagasaki. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera set in Japan.

Madama Butterfly

One character in this work is a consul named Sharpless, to whom the titular character declares that her child's name is Sorrow. Another character is a marriage broker named Goro, who shows a house to a naval officer. That officer marries the title character and later deserts her to marry an American named, prompting to kill herself with her father's knife. Lieutenant Pinkerton is a character in, for 10 points, what Giacomo Puccini opera about a Japanese woman?

Madama Butterfly

The main character of this opera criticizes a servant for praying to fat and lazy gods. A character asks his wife not to cry in this opera's love duet that closes its first act, and its third act begins with sailors singing "heave-ho!" as the sun rises. The title character of this opera imagines seeing a puff of (*) smoke on the horizon in the aria "Un bel dì vedremo." A character introduced with "The Star-Spangled Banner" returns with his new wife Kate in this opera, prompting the main character to blindfold her infant son and give him an American flag before commiting suicide. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera about the Japanese geisha Cio-Cio San.

Madama Butterfly

The title character in this opera sings the words "Fiso di tua madre la faccia" [FAHT-chah], meaning "fix your eyes on your mother's face", in the aria "Tu, tu piccolo Iddio". That character, who also sings the aria "Un bel dì vedremo", blindfolds her son and gives him a flag. Her husband, who sings "Dovunque al mondo" believing that he has the right to cancel the marriage each month, is sometimes introduced with notes from "The Star Spangled Banner" because he is a U.S. Navy Lieutenant. Name this Puccini opera in which B. F. Pinkerton marries Cio-Cio [CHOH choh] San in Japan.

Madama Butterfly

This opera's second act ends with the offstage "Humming Chorus," which includes a viola d'amore part and leads directly into the third act. Its first act concludes with a long duet that begins "Bimba, Bimba, non piangere" ["pee-AHN-jay-ray"]. This opera's title character resolves to commit suicide after reading an inscription on a knife that declares "Who cannot live with honor must die with honor". Earlier, that character sings the aria "Un bel di" to her maid Suzuki. At the end of this opera, the title character is devastated to find her husband has a new wife named Kate. For 10 points, identify this opera about CioCioSan, the wife that Lieutenant Pinkerton abandons in Japan, a work of Giacomo Puccini.

Madama Butterfly

Two lovers in this opera sing "Oh, quanti occhi fisi" at the end of their duet "Viene la sera." The title character of this opera sings "Un bel di" in anticipation of her husband returning when the robins build their nests, and she struggles to pronounce ornithology. The title character of this opera throws away figurines of her ancestors after which her uncle Bonzo gets angry. At the end of this opera, the title character sings "Piccolo Iddio" to her child named Trouble and then kills herself after the maid Suzuki introduces her to Kate, her husband's new American wife. For 10 points, name this Puccini opera about the Japanese woman Cio-Cio San, who marries Lieutenant Pinkerton.

Madama Butterfly

A nude man and woman help another woman up in front of a dark landscape in this artist's Departure of Summer. Another of his works, which features a building in the background and a plant with a single eye in the foreground, was called The Misunderstood. His works in other media included a metronome with a picture of an eye attached to an arm that was destroyed by the Jarivistes, and a cloth-wrapped sewing machine tied to a wooden base. This creator of Object to be Destroyed and The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse painted f-holes onto a photograph of his companion Kiki de Montparnasse in a work called Le Violon d'Ingres. He also took photos of his cross-dressing friend Marcel Duchamp as the Rrose Selavy. For 10 points, name this American Dada photographer and artist.

Man Ray

A self-portrait by this photographer consists of a handprint on a piece of cardboard above a doorbell. Fashion photography by this artist includes a picture of Denise Poiret standing in front of a Brancusi ["bran-KOOSH"] sculpture. This photographer threw salt and pepper onto a piece of film for one scene of a film he made without a camera, Return to Reason. A frequent model of this photographer lays her head down horizontally next to a vertical African mask in (*) Noir et Blanche. Two hands can be seen inside of kissing heads in a distinctive solarized photogram made by this artist. This photographer's most famous image depicts Kiki de Montparnasse nude with f-holes on her back, titled Le Violon d'Ingres. For 10 points, name this American Dadaist who created namesake "graphs" with photosensitive paper and was born Emmanuel Radnitzky.

Man Ray

In one film by this director, four young people wearing stocking masks jump into a pool repeatedly then eventually disappear; later a man and a woman come to the title location and are turned into statues. A sculpture by this manwas inspired by a certain novel's line about the chance meeting of an umbrella on a dissecting table. With an alphabetically prior artist, this director of The Mysteries of the Chateau of Dice can be seen playing a game of chess, then suddenly disappearing in Rene Clair's Entr'acte. This artist's 1919 gouache called Seguidilla was the first of his "aerographs," which he made using an airbrush. He wrapped a sewing machine in an army blanket and tied it with yellow string to create The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse. He painted f-holes onto the back of a photograph of Kiki Montparnasse to create The Violin of Ingres. Known for photographing Marcel Duchamp as Rrose Selavy, for 10 points, identify this surrealist and Dadaist who was born Emmanuel Radnitzky.

Man Ray

The writings of the Marquis de Sade inspired this artist's depiction of a kneeling woman's feet, hands, and buttocks. In addition to The Prayer, he also depicted Meret Oppenheim standing naked behind a machine in his work Veiled Erotic. This artist's The Gift consists of a clothes iron with thumbtacks attached to it, while another work in the same genre is a metronome with a photograph of an eye attached to its arm. This artist of the (*)) readymade Object to Be Destroyed is better known for such works as Tears and several depictions of his friend dressed in drag as his alter ego Rrose Sélavy. Another work by this friend of Marcel Duchamp is a depiction of Kiki de Montparnasse with f-holes in her back, making her look like the titular instrument. For 10 points, name French photographer who exposed objects on light-sensitive paper directly to light and created Le Violon d'Ingres.

Man Ray

This man put his handprint on a white pentagon in a work titled Autoportrait, and showed a group of primary-colored stick figures riding horses and holding yellow tools in his AD 1914. He showed a flower with several yellow and one long spiky green leaf with an eye in front of a petal in his Misunderstood. He wrapped a sewing machine in wool and string in one work. Meret Oppenheim posed nude for him in a few photographs, and he invented the solarization technique. One work by this artist of The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse shows the back of a nude woman with two f-holes cut into her skin, entitled The Violin of Ingres. For 10 points, identify this artist who took a series of pictures of Rrose Selavy, the female altar-ego of fellow Dada artist Marcel Duchamp.

Man Ray

A commission from the Érard company resulted in this composer's Introduction and Allegro for string quartet, clarinet, flute, and harp. Ricardo Viñes publicly premiered a work by this man that was inspired by Liszt's Fountains of the Villa d'Este. Percy Grainger orchestrated "The Valley of Bells", the final movement in a suite by this man that also includes "Oiseaux tristes". This man called for a sopranino saxophone in F in a work that was popularized in an extremely (*) fast performance by Arturo Toscanini. This composer of Jeux d'eau and Miroirs omitted the fifth "Promenade" in his orchestration of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition. In his most famous work, a melody in C starts in the flutes and is passed from instrument to instrument, constantly crescendoing, over an ostinato snare drum. For 10 points, name this French composer of Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

A contrabassoon solo opens a piece by this composer in which basses play arpeggios on open strings. This composer used a F-E-D-C sharp ostinato throughout the first movement of a piece that ends with a "Feria." A "Pantomime" containing a famous flute solo and a popular "Danse generale" appear in the second suite from one of this composer's ballets, in which the bumbling cowherd Dorcon fails to court a shepherdess. Like Prokofiev, this composer of Rapsodie Espagnole wrote a Piano Concerto for the Left Hand for Paul Wittgenstein, and he composed a piece in which a repetitive melody is played over a snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer of Daphnis et Chloe and Bolero.

Maurice Ravel

One of this composer's orchestral works begins with a high F-E-D-C-sharp motif, and his string quartet has a 5/8 finale and an A-minor second movement that begins pizzicato. This composer used a Michel Fokine scenario for a ballet with a "Sunrise," "Pantomime," and "Bacchanale," his Daphnis et Chloe, and he wrote the movements (*) "Scarbo" and "Ondine" for the piano suite Gaspard de la nuit. This composer of Rapsodie espagnole wrote a pavane dedicated to the Princesse de Polignac as well as a work for Ida Rubinstein alternating two melodies over a two-bar snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer of Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

The last movement of one of this composer's piano works begins with a measure of quickly repeated Es.That work by this composer includes a "Forlane" and a "Rigaudon" as well as that "Toccata." The lastmovement of his Sonatine is also in the style of a toccata. This composer wrote some of the most difficultpiano pieces in the repertoire, including "Alborada del gracioso" from his Miroirs and "Scarbo" from hisGaspard de la Nuit. In one of his orchestral works, a melody first played by the flute just repeats over aconstant snare drum rhythm. For 10 points, name this French composer of Le Tombeau de Couperin,Pavane for a Dead Princess, La Valse, and Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

The theme for the "Passacaille" third movement of this composer's A minor piano trio is based on the first theme of its second movement, "Pantoum." This composer wrote an orchestral "choreographic poem" as an homage to Johann Strauss, Jr. This composer included a "Feria" and a "Prélude à la nuit" in his Rapsodie espagnole. Another of his orchestral works begins with a flute solo over a snare drum ostinato that continues throughout the whole piece, which just repeats the same two tunes while getting louder and louder. For 10 points, name this French composer of La Valse, Daphnis et Chloé and Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

The title magic flute plays a Phrygian melody in the second song of a cycle by this composer that set poems by Tristan Klingsor, which was inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov's suite of the same name. This composer was twice expelled from the Conservatoire de Paris. This composer of Shéhérazade repeated an F E D C-sharp motif to begin his first major orchestral work, whose middle movements are based on the malagueña and habanera dances. After Paul Wittgenstein lost his right hand during World War I, this man dedicated his Piano Concerto for the Left Hand to him. This composer of Rapsodie Espagnole was inspired by Isaac Albéniz's piano suite Iberia to compose a work commissioned by Ida Rubinstein featuring a prominent snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this composer of Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

This composer depicted "The Fairy Garden" in a piano four hands suite whose third movement is based onthe tale of Laideronnette. He included a D minor, 6/8 time fourth movement to be played "dry, the arpeggiosvery taut" in a suite that includes "Sad Birds." He ended another piano suite with a sixth-movement toccata inE minor and 2/4 time. This composer of Mother Goose included "Alborada del gracioso" in his Miroirs andcollected "Ondine," "Le Gibet," and "Scarbo" into another piano piece. For friends who died in World War I, hewrote Le tombeau de Couperin. This composer of Gaspard de la nuit wrote a piece in which the same two melodiesrepeat over a crescendoing snare drum rhythm. For 10 points, name this composer of Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

This composer paid tribute to the waltz in a piece that opens with a section marked "Mouvement de Valse viennoise." He is not Ludwig van Beethoven, but an Adagio assai second movement in the form of a waltz is part of this composer's Piano Concerto in G major. This composer intended to out-do the difficulty of Mily Balakirev's Islamey with the "Scarbo" movement of his Gaspard de la Nuit ["gah-SPAR duh lah NWEE"]. This composer of La Valse was inspired by Spanish music to write pieces such as Pavane for a Dead Princess and one in which two melodies are repeated over a constant two-bar rhythm played by the snare drum. For 10 points, name this French composer of Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

This composer separated vowels with z's in "Three lovely birds from paradise" for chorus. He elided silent e's in setting 5 animal fables in Natural Histories, angering listeners. This composer used a trio in Madagascan Songs. He used an orchestra to set free verse Tristan Klingsor poems in Shéhérazade. He used melismas over a pedal on G in his Kaddisch. Dancers with tambourines said "Ser-gei Dia-ghi-lev" to keep 5/4 time in the final bacchanale or (*)) danse générale in his only Ballets Russes work. Flutes depict a pantomimed myth, and wordless chorus, flute, clarinet, and harp glissandi depict sunrise over shepherds, in that ballet by this composer of La valse. Until the E major climax, two C major themes alternate among instruments over a crescendo snare drum ostinato in a piece by him. For 10 points, name this composer of Daphnis et Chloé and Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

This composer used a B-flat octave ostinato to imitate a tolling bell in a movement depicting a hanged man in a desert. That movement appears in a piece by this composer inspired by three poems by Aloysius Bertrand. This composer based the movements of another suite on different Baroque musical forms, and he dedicated each of them to friends who died in World War I. This composer of Gaspard de la Nuit (NWEE) and Le Tombeau de Couperin (coo-per-AN) composed the ballet Daphnis et Chloé. A work by this composer, commissioned by Ida Rubinstein, includes a repeating snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer of Bolero.

Maurice Ravel

This composer, who entered a competition with his Sonatine, dedicated each of five movements of one work to fellow "Hooligans," such as "Sad Birds" and "A Boat on the Ocean." One work by this composer frequently requotes a melody beginning with a sustained high C followed by "B C D C B A C." Each of six movements of a piano suite by this composer honors a different (*) soldier. He's not Russian, but this composer orchestrated Pictures at an Exhibition. This composer of Miroirs and Pavane for a Dead Princess wrote a piece for Ida Rubinstein which begins with a flute playing over a snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer who wrote Boléro.

Maurice Ravel

This man wrote much of one movement of a suite, marked "covered in pedaling," in a dual 2/4 and 6/8 time signature. That movement, "A Boat on the Ocean," is part of a suite that includes "Noctuelles" and "Alborada del Gracioso." This man uses a B-flat octave ostinato to depict a bell tolling near a hanged man in a piece whose third movement was written to be harder than (*) Balakirev's Islamey. This composer of Miroirs wrote a suite whose six movements, including a "Forlane" and "Toccata," are each dedicated to a friend who died in World War I. This composer of Le Tombeau de Couperin included "Le Gibet" and "Scarbo" in Gaspard de la Nuit. Another piece features a repetitive melody in a crescendo over a snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer of Pavane for a Dead Princess and Bolero.

Maurice Ravel

In a tondo by this sculptor, an infant St. John the Baptist holds a fluttering bird in his hand while the baby Jesus turns back to look at him. Australian geologist Laszlo Toth significantly damaged one sculpture by this artist after hammering away at it while proclaiming himself to be Jesus Christ arisen. Vasari praised this artist as "supreme not in one art alone, but in all three." Statues of Rachel and Leah flank both sides of another sculpture by this man, which features (*) horns atop its head; that depiction of a "horned" Moses is in the middle of this sculptor's tomb for Julius II. This man's most famous sculpture holds a sling across his right shoulder and is depicting the moment before he is to face Goliath. For 10 points, name this Italian sculptor of David.

Michelangelo

In two paintings by this man made six years apart, Cleopas and another disciple eat with a beardless Christ around a darkly-lit table. This artist's works' lighting and emotions are often contrasted with Annibale Carracci's. This artist's early Boy with a (*) Basket of Fruit and Cardsharps show the start of his use of heavy chiaroscuro, termed tenebrism. One work by this artist quotes the hand of Adam in the Sistine Chapel in Christ's hand as he points possibly to a bearded man in a ray of light. For 10 points, name this Baroque artist of The Calling of St. Matthew and a shield of Medusa.

Michelangelo

This artist showed a muscular woman gazing back over her left shoulder in a red chalk sketch of a mythical figure from Libya. Rudolf Wittkower's studies of the evolution of one of this artist's designs focuses on his unconventional plan for a ricetto ("ree-CHET-oh") or vestibule. For that building, this artist created reclining nudes depicting Day, Night, Dusk, and Dawn, as well as an overlapping oval design for a Mannerist (*) staircase. This artist, who included five sibyls among the twelve prophets he painted around a massive ceiling, designed the Laurentian Library. St. Bartholomew holds his own flayed skin in a massive fresco painted by this artist that shows Jesus casting sinners on the right into Hell. For 10 points, name this Florentine artist who painted a massive Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel.

Michelangelo

This artist's style was emulated by a group of Utrecht (YOO-trekt) painters led by Gerrit van Honthorst. The color of the draperies matches that of the spewing blood in this artist's Judith Beheading Holofernes. This artist included the "Inspiration" and "Martyrdom" of a saint in a series of paintings for the (*) Contarelli Chapel. A shaft of light illuminates a group of tax collectors in a painting by this artist in which Jesus extends his finger towards the title saint. For 10 points, name this Italian painter who pioneered the use of chiaroscuro (kee-AR-a-SKOOR-oh) in paintings such as The Calling of Saint Matthew.

Michelangelo

Two Swedish surgeons have speciously argued that this artist gave God a goitre in one work. This artist included a blue-turbaned figure that may be a self-portrait in a fresco in the Cappella Paolina depicting St. Peter's crucifixion. This artist of the Doni (*) Tondo surrounded his Separation of Light and Darkness with four "ignudi," and in another of his works, a cloak vaguely shaped like a human brain enshrouds God as he reaches out to a male nude. For 10 points, name this artist who depicted The Creation of Adam in the Sistine Chapel.

Michelangelo

When Giovanni Bellori repudiated this artist for not painting after sculptors like Phidias and Glykon, this artist supposedly replied "nature has given me an abundance of masters." This artist portrayed a subject shakily holding a glass of wine by the stem with three fingers and a black ribbon in his other hand -- in this artist's portrait of Bacchus. In a painting by this artist in the (*) Cerasi chapel, Paul lies flat on his back with his arms thrown up. This artist used tenebrism for a painting depicting the title moneylender as his quizzical face is lit up by a light source over Christ's head while Christ points to him. For 10 points, name this Italian baroque master whose dramatic use of lighting can be seen in his version of The Calling of St. Matthew.

Michelangelo

A character in this musical named Zoltan Karpathy concludes that another character is a Hungarian princess after dancing with her. In this musical, one character tells another that he can go to "Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire." In this musical, the line "Tell me no dreams, filled with desire" is sung to Freddy in the song "Show Me." Julie (*) Andrews created the protagonist of this musical, who sings "I Could Have Danced All Night" and repeats phrases like "The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain" to suppress her Cockney accent. For 10 points, name this Lerner and Loewe musical about Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolittle, an adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion.

My Fair Lady

An epilogue to this play discusses how Clara begins reading the novels of H.G. Wells. One character in this play angrily throws a pair of slippers at another, and that character's father is jokingly recommended as a moralist to a millionaire. This play begins with a man identifying people's origins in Covent Garden, where (*) Freddy Hill appears as well. Colonel Pickering makes a bet with a phonetics professor in this play that he can correct a flower girl's Cockney accent and pass her off as a duchess. For 10 points, name this play in which Professor Henry Higgins gives Eliza Doolittle elocution lessons, a work by George Bernard Shaw.

My Fair Lady

Freddy expresses his love for the protagonist of this musical in the song "On the Street Where You Live." The protagonist fools Zoltan Karpathy into believing that she was born Hungarian, and the male lead realizes his feelings for the protagonist in "I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face." Its central roles were created by Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews, the latter singing songs like "I Could Have Danced All Night" and "The Rain in Spain." For 10 points, name this musical about Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolittle, written by Lerner and Loewe and based on George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion.

My Fair Lady

One character in this musical dreams of "lots of coal makin' lots of heat," while another sings that "the pavement always stayed beneath [his] feet before" in "On the Street Where You Live." In one scene in this musical, characters repeatedly exclaim, "By George, she's got it!" One character in this musical sings, "I only know when he began to (*) dance with me" in "I Could Have Danced All Night," and in another scene, she declares that "the rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain." At the end of this musical, the lead character regains the Cockney accent she had once had as a flower girl. For 10 points, name this musical based on Pygmalion about the speech training of Eliza Doolittle.

My Fair Lady

When this character is offered chocolates, she responds, "How do I know what might be in them?" A ring which once belonged to this character is hurled into a fireplace. After another character tells her to leave a note about him wanting tea instead of coffee for Mrs. Pearce, this character throws her (*) slippers at him. In Act One of the play in which she appears, this character worries a man is a police officer and takes a taxi secured by Freddy Eynsford-Hill. That scene takes place in Covent Garden and features Colonel Pickering, who bets against Higgins' ability to pass this character for a duchess. For 10 points, name this heavily accented flower girl created by George Bernard Shaw in Pygmalion.

My Fair Lady

A vacant red & black storefront is seen on the left side of this painting, which also contains a sign with a picture of a cigar and the advertisement, "Phillies-only 5¢." Two silver coffee carafes sit behind a man dressed in all white as he reaches under the counter, while looking at a man in a suit sitting next to a woman in a red dress. Another man sitting alone at the bar is the fourth person. For 10 points, name this very lonely painting of a triangular bar by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

George Helnwein parodied this painting in his Boulevard of Broken Dreams by replacing its central figures with Marilyn Monroe and others. A building in this painting has windows with half-drawn blinds, while another building has a yellow door but no evident exit. This painting contains an (*) advertisement for 5-cent Phillie's cigars as well as two coffee canisters and a man in white bending down. This painting by the artist of Automat and Chop Suey features a woman in a red dress sitting with two men in fedoras at a triangular counter. For 10 points, name this painting of lonely patrons at a nighttime diner by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

In this painting, a man holds an unlit cigarette between his fingers, and several windows with green blinds can be seen on a building. A yellow door without a doorknob appears on the right side of this work, and the entrance to the central building cannot be found. A person in white clothing stands behind a triangular counter, and an advertisement for Phillies cigars appears on the top of the central building. A woman wearing a red dress sits next to a man in a suit. For 10 points, names this depiction of an empty street and a bar, a work of Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

In this work, a "brilliant streak of jade" along the bottom highlights the central scene. Inspired by the Flatiron Prow, the only exit out of the central structure seems to be a bright yellow, knobless door, and a row of buildings in this work also appears in its artist's Early Sunday Morning. Only 5 cents is the advertised price of Phillies Cigars in a sign near the top of this painting, and figures in it include a man in a black suit and fedora, a red-clad woman, and a worker who crouches behind a counter. For 10 points, name this Edward Hopper painting depicting a lonely café and the empty street surrounding it.

Nighthawks

Mark Kostabi's parody of this painting features an open book lying outside to the left and is named for the street near Mulry Square. A building in this painting is painted red in its top half and green in its bottom half, and a cash register can be seen through its raised blinds. A yellow door is on the right inside the main building in this work, and stands next to two metal tanks. In front of those tanks is a blonde man in white, who is preparing an order for a woman in red and the man sitting next to her. This painting features an advertisement announcing Phillies cigars that cost five cents. For 10 points, name this painting of four people at a diner by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

Paintings inspired by this work include Roger Brown's Puerto Rican Wedding. At the right of this painting, a narrow yellow door stands shut. A white-clad figure in this painting is bending down as he looks at a woman in a red dress. A sign running along the top of this painting advertises cigars selling for "only 5 cents." In addition to the aforementioned woman, other people in this painting include two dark-suited men in fedoras, each of whom leans on the counter next to cups of coffee. For 10 points, name this painting that depicts a diner in the hours of darkness and was painted by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

The artist of this 1942 work said he unconsciously painted loneliness. A December 2014 JAMA cover redid this work showing training residents standing around a medical station, and Gottfried Helnwein did a parody with Humphrey Bogart and Marilyn Monroe. This painting includes an abandoned water glass, coffee mugs, (*) sugar jars, and napkin holders, and at the center is a soda jerk dressed in white attending to three patrons on counter stools. A Greenwich Village diner inspired—for 10 points—what Edward Hopper work about people awake during dark hours?

Nighthawks

The red-haired woman depicted in this painting also appears in its artist's work Summertime and was modeled on the artist's wife Jo. This painting contains an advertisement for Phillies cigars and depicts seven stools, one of which is occupied by a man in a fedora with his back towards the viewer. Supposedly based on a restaurant in Greenwich Village, it also shows a worker in white looking up at a couple sitting at the bar. For 20 points, name this Edward Hopper painting depicting three customers and a worker at a late-night diner.

Nighthawks

The top left corner of this painting shows partially closed windows, while the right side shows a door with a square window. In the center, a man with a hat sits on a stool with his back facing the viewer. Another man with a hat stares at a man in all white who is leaning down, and a woman with red hair and a red blouse stares at her mug. For 10 points, name this painting showing the Phillies diner, by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

This work was based on a real life location in Greenwich Village. It depicts a red-headed woman and two men in hats seated at a bar while being waited on by a man in a white hat. Above the well lit diner in this painting is a sign saying Phillies Cigars: Only 5 cents. For 10 points, name this iconic American painting by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

A cartoon by J. F. Griswold that appeared in the New York Evening Sun parodies this painting by using trapezoids and squares to represent the heads of people fighting in the underground subway. Currently at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, this painting was rejected from the 1912 Salon des Independants, since Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger felt that its title subject should be shown reclining. This painting was inspired by the photography of Etienne-Jules Marey, who himself inspired (*)) Eadward Muybridge to make a work that depicts this work's title action. American Art News offered a ten dollar reward to the first reader who could actually point out the title figure of this painting. The Armory Show exhibited this painting, which Julian Street said depicted an "explosion in a shingle factory." For 10 points, name this painting of a naked woman by Marcel Duchamp.

Nude Descending a Staircase

The second act of this musical features a picnic basket auction. The song "It's a Scandal! It's an Outrage!" is sung in this show after Will Parker's girlfriend is forcibly married to the Persian peddler Ali Hakim. After a climactic box social, Aunt Eller fires the villain Judd Fry. In it, Laurey and Curly sing such songs as "People Will Say We're In Love," "The Surrey With the Fringe on Top," and "Oh What a Beautiful Mornin'." For 10 points, name this Rogers and Hammerstein musical about a Southern state.

Oklahoma!

Fritz Koenig's sculpture The Sphere was moved back to this location in 2017. An artwork by Spencer Finch featuring 2,983 blue squares can currently be found at this location, which was once home to the Alexander Calder sculpture Bent Propeller. A 1,776-foot building was designed for this site by (*) Daniel Libeskind. Minoru Yamasaki designed a pair of buildings at this location. Text from posters at this location is read aloud in John Adams's piece On the Transmigration of Souls. The photograph The Falling Man depicts—for 10 points—what one-time home of the Twin Towers?

One World Trade Center

The last-minute construction of a loading bay in this building made it impossible to replace the broken fuel cells that would have given it LEED gold certification. Five of its elevators are equipped with panoramic display screens that depict the evolution of the surrounding city. This building's original plan called for its shadow to craft a "wedge of light" which would illuminate Santiago Calatrava's neighboring transportation hub. Its shape is formed from eight isosceles (*)) triangles, which meet in a square at its base and another square at its roof. David Childs of Skidmore Owings and Merrill created the final design for this building, after developer Larry Silver steinnixed Daniel Libeskind's Statue of Liberty-inspired plan. For 10 points, name this 1,776 foot tower which was built on the site of Minoru Yamasaki's Twin Towers.

One World Trade Center

One of this man's works depicts the mortal Miltiades among several gods, and was installed at Delphi. Antiochos was a Roman facsimile-maker of this man's works, and the Otricoli Mask was once thought to be a part of one of his lost works. One of his works depicted a seated god holding a weapon, and he depicted a standing robed goddess in his Athena Parthenos. Patronized by Pericles, for 10 points, name this artist of the massive world wonder Zeus at Olympia, widely regarded as the finest classical Greek sculptor.

Phidias

One of this man's works was probably modeled after Pantarces and was set up at Olympia, Anadumenus. This student of Hegeladas and rival of Hegias created a work in which a bare-headed figure holds a helmet with her extended right hand. One of his sculptures lay between the Propylaea and a building which housed another of his sculptures. That sculpture has the tale of Pandora's birth in relief on its pedestal, holds a small statue of Victory, and has a sphinx on her helmet and Medusa's head on her breastplate. For 10 points, identify this Greek sculptor of numerous Athenas such as Athena Promachos and Athena Parthenos.

Phidias

Polygnotus of Thasos and Hegias are among those thought to be this man's teacher. He supposedly depicted one of his students and eromenoi near the throne in one of his most famous work, a work funded by Delian League money. Another student, Agoracritos, was likely responsible for the statue of Nemesis at Rhamnus; that student also assisted this man on many of the Elgin Marbles. For 10 points, identify this ancient Greek sculptor, the creator of the Athena Parthenos and the Olympian Zeus.

Phidias

This student of Hegias and Hageladas was first commissioned to sculpt statues of a group of militaryfigures, including the general Miltiades the Younger, and would later be tasked by Pericles to create further celebratory works following the Battle of Marathon. Among his most famous sculptures are two statues of the same divine (*)) daughter in the Acropolis, one that stands between the Propylaea and the Parthenon, and another one that Pausanius described as bearing several different mythical creatures on parts of her armor. Another grand work, a statue of the Olympian father figure, is draped in gold and ivory and was presumed to have been destroyed by a fire. For 10 points, identify this ancient Greek sculptor who used the Golden Ratio and sculpted the Athena Promachos, Athena Parthenos, and the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

Phidias

A piano piece by this composer was originally created for the Dalai Lama's first address in North America. That piece, "Mad Rush," is found alongside five pieces titled "Metamorphosis" in this composer's album titled Solo Piano. A scene of a housing project being demolished is accompanied by this composer's piece "Pruit Igoe" in a documentary that takes its title from the Hopi word for "life out of balance." He wrote a four hour-long opera interspersed with five "knee plays," as well as the soundtrack to the films Koyaanisqatsi, The Truman Show, and The Hours. For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

A six-movement work of chamber music by this composer includes movements entitled "Floe," "Rubric," and "Façades." His first cello concerto, written for Julian Lloyd Webber, is one of the eight concertos collected in his Concerto Project. This composer's album Solo Piano ends with the tracks "Mad Rush" and "Wichita Sutra Vortex," which follow five tracks named "Metamorphosis." This composer wrote Music in Twelve Parts for his namesake ensemble. He scored a work whose name is Hopi for "life out of balance," Koyaanisqatsi. This composer's "Portrait Trilogy" includes operas about Gandhi and Akhenaten, as well as an opera with five intermezzos called "knee plays." For 10 points, name this minimalist composer known for his film scores and his opera Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

An opera by this composer ends with an aria by the tenor lead, consisting entirely of thirty repetitions of an ascending Phrygian scale. In another opera by this composer, the countertenor lead sings a second-act hymn beginning "Thou dost appear beautiful," and an offstage chorus quotes Psalm 104. At the start of another of his operas, a white square in the lower-right corner of the stage highlights two people seated at desks. That opera has a solo violinist dressed as the (*)) title character and includes a chorus that counts beats and sings solfège syllables. This composer's collaboration with Robert Wilson has scenes like "Train," "Trial," and "Spaceship" spaced between five knee plays. For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Akhnaten, Satyagraha, and Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

As an outlet for his work, this composer founded a namesake ensemble comprised of three keyboards, some winds, and a soprano who generally only sings solfege. This composer wrote the score to a film in which the liftoff of a Saturn V rocket is followed by footage of an Atlas rocket exploding; an earlier section of that score contains the song "Pruitt Igoe." (*)) Time-lapse images comprise much of that film titled after the Hopi word for "life out of balance." This composer wrote a "Portrait Trilogy" of operas and, along with Steve Reich, John Adams, and Terry Riley, is one of the major American minimalists. For 10 points, name this composer of the score for Koyaanisqatsi and the opera Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

At the end of one opera by this composer, the ghost of Queen Tiye is among the figures singing wordlessly over a bass line from the beginning of another of this man's operas. In that latter opera by this man, characters sing "I Feel the Earth Move" during a scene depicting a trial. Another of his operas opens "On the Kuru Field of Justice" and has three acts titled for Tolstoy, Tagore, and King. In addition to using Sanskrit in (*) Satyagraha, the first opera in this man's Portrait Trilogy contains sections like "Prematurely Air-Conditioned Supermarket" and "Mr. Bojangles". That opera divided into five parts by "Knee Plays". For 10 points, name this American composer of Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

Doeg the Storyteller features in this man's The Making of the Representative for Planet 8. This man used the antiquated oboe d'amore for a "love theme" in one opera, where a hymn sung before Psalm 104 is the only part in his audience's native language. This man subtitled his Symphony No. 1 "Low," after an album by David (*) Bowie. A bass line from the start of this man's most famous opera is repeated in a scene with the ghost of Queen Nefertiti, thus completing his Portrait Trilogy. For 10 points, name this American minimalist composer of Koyaanisqatsi ("koy-an-niss-KAT-see") and Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

In one opera by this man, Miss Schlesen and Kallenbach sing a duet in which they describe "how the saints attained success"; that work's third act contains the "Newcastle March". One opera by this musician is largely a monologue by a man named "M" on a holographic set, detailing how no one believes that he's met aliens; that collaboration with David Henry Hwang is entitled 1000 Airplanes on the Roof. A section of another one of his operas contains text by (*)) Lucinda Childs read from a bed and is called "Prematurely Air-conditioned Supermarket". That work by this composer is interspersed with Christopher Knowles' "Knee Plays," is divided into the sections "Train", "Trial", and "Field/Spaceship", and has a solo violinist dress as the title figure. For 10 points, name this composer whose "Portrait Trilogy" includes Akhenaten, Satyagraha (SAT-yuh-GRAH-hah), and Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

One of this composer's friends mistook the term "parts" to mean number of movements when he actually meant number of musical lines, leading to his three-hour work Music in Twelve Parts, composed several years after his Music in Similar Motion. This man's fourth symphony derives some material from a song which states "I wish you could swim/ like the dolphins." In addition to his David Bowie-influenced "Heroes" and "Low" symphonies, this man wrote a string quartet based on his music for a film about Yukio Mishima. This man also composed the score for a film by Godfrey Reggio which consists of time-lapse and slow-motion footage of traffic patterns and clouds among others. For 10 points, identify this contemporary composer who wrote the music for the film Koyaanisqatsi and the opera Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

One opera by this composer features cameos from Moses, Salome, Medea, and Oedipus in its second act, and features characters repeatedly asking in German "Where are We?" A play by Peter Handke inspired that opera by this composer, The Lost. In another of his operas, bells in A minor play as the title countertenor honors men who "came forth from" a certain figure's "two eyes" while at the "Window of Appearances"; that opera by him ends with a scene depicting ruins, and the narrator intoning "There is nothing left of this (*) glorious city" to a group of tourists. A woman repeatedly utters "Mr. Bojangles" during a trial in another opera by this composer. Voices utter solfege nonsensically during the "knee plays" of that opera by this composer. For 10 points, name this composer whose "Portrait Trilogy" includes Akhenaten and Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

Sound engineer Kurt Munkacsi was an integral part of this composer's namesake ensemble, processing Farfisa organ lines through a mixer in this composers early 1970s work Music in Twelve Parts. The "Hymn to the Sun" in the third of this composer's "Portrait Trilogy" of operas is directed to always be sung in the language of the audience attending. That opera, Akhnaten, followed Satyagraha by this composer and a previous opera including a third part called "Field/Spaceship" and broken up by "Knee Plays." FTP what minimalist composer wrote the opera Einstein on the Beach?

Philip Glass

This composer based his third string quartet on his score for the Paul Schrader film Mishima, while his "Low" and "Heroes" symphonies are based on David Bowie albums. This composer has frequently collaborated with the set designer Robert Wilson. Katsurbai and Mrs. Naidoo praise those who "work not seeking gain" in an opera by this man which partly takes place at the Tolstoy Farm and often utilizes chanting in Sanskrit. "Trial" and "Train" are acts in another of this composer's operas, which contains five knee plays and is named after a German physicist. For 10 points, name this minimalist composer whose Portrait Trilogy includes Satyagraha and Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

This composer included a vocal and instrumental version of "A Gentleman's Honor" in his chamber opera about Eadweard Muybridge, The Photographer. One of his operas includes the title character, his wife, and his mother singing at the Window of Appearances and ends with the narrator reading from a guide book. The first act of one of his operas begins on the Kuru Field of Justice and goes to Tolstoy Farm, chronicling a civil rights leader's time in (*)) South Africa. One work by this composer of Akhnaten, staged by Robert Wilson, begins with a chorus counting repeatedly. That work includes sections on a Night Train and a Spaceship, as well as interludes called Knee Plays. For 10 points, name this composer of Satyagraha and Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

This composer was instrumental in the relocation from Paris of the Mabou Mines theater company, for whom he wrote Music for Voices as well as a string quartet accompanying a performance of Samuel Beckett's Company. This composer attempted to popularize his work with a six-movement chamber composition including movements titled "Floe," "Island," and "Rubric." He wrote for a characteristic ensemble of four saxophones, two flutes, three electric organs, and female voice with his Music in Twelve Parts. This composer scored Martin Scorsese's Kundun as well as a film directed by Godfrey Reggio whose title is a Hopi word meaning "life out of balance." For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Koyaanisqatsi also known for such operas as Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

This composer's Violin Concerto No. 2 is titled "The American Four Seasons," and another work of his is based on Orphee and other works by Jean Cocteau. This composer of a "Cocteau Trilogy" incorporated Hopi chants in the soundtrack to Koyaanisqatsi ("koh-yah-nis-kat-see"). A composition sung in Akkadian, Biblical Hebrew, and Ancient Egyptian was part of his "Portrait Trilogy," as well as another work based on the life of Gandhi. In addition to the operas Akhenaten and Satyagraha, his most famous work includes several Trials and Knee Plays. For 10 points, name composer of Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

A famous study of these works was published by Cuthbert Girdlestone, while Arthur Hutchings created a "companion to" them. The final one of these works includes an E-flat major larghetto second movement, and several of them were written for the composer's student Barbara Ployer. An F-sharp minor slow movement, which is part of the 23rd of these pieces, is the only time their composer used that key. The penultimate one of these works has large parts of the (*) left hand missing and is known as "Coronation". Some of these pieces are nicknamed "Lützow," "Jeunehomme," and "Elvira Madigan." For 10 points, name these works for a keyboard instrument and orchestra by the composer of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.

Piano Concertos

A piece in this genre surprisingly begins with a soft, eight-note, solo G-major chord, most of which is then repeated four times as part of the main theme. In Mozart's works in this genre it's common practice for one member of the ensemble to play unwritten basso continuo. Edvard Grieg wrote his only work in this genre in imitation of Robert Schumann's A (*) minor work in it. Mozart wrote 27 numbered pieces in this genre and, like cello sonatas, Beethoven wrote five pieces in this genre. In Mozart's "Jeunehomme" and Beethoven's "Emperor" works in this genre, the soloist enters shockingly early. For 10 points, name this orchestral genre with a keyboard soloist.

Piano Concertos

Henry Litolff's best-known compositions are five works in this genre, the third of which incorporates Dutchfolk-tunes. The penultimate movement of a piece in this genre is a tarantella marked "All' Italiana." That piece in this genre ends with a chorus singing lines from Adam Oehlenschläger's Aladdin and was written by Ferruccio Busoni. Weber's Konzerstück in F minor is sometimes unofficially considered his third one of these pieces. The hypnotherapist Nikolai Dahl was the dedicatee of a piece in this genre that opens with eight chords representing the tolling of bells. That piece is the second of four pieces composed in this genre by Sergei Rachmaninoff. For 10points, name this sort of musical piece written for orchestra and a keyboard instrument

Piano Concertos

In the Allegro ma non tanto movement of a work in this genre, two possible cadenzas precede the entrance of the woodwinds. A trumpet plays a waltz over string orchestra in another work in this genre, which quotes the composer's ballet The Golden Age. One work in this genre beginning with four B-flat minor chords was initially hated by Nikolai Rubinstein, and another opens with whole notes meant to imitate (*) bells. Sergei Prokofiev wrote one of these works for veteran Paul Wittgenstein after he lost a hand. Four of these orchestral works are by Sergei Rachmaninoff. For 10 points, name this genre of music written for a certain keyboard instrument and orchestra.

Piano Concertos

In the fifth movement of a long, unusual piece in this genre, a male choir sings text from Adam Oehlenschläger's ("AY-dum UH-len-SHLAY-ur's") Aladdin. Ferdinand Hiller conducted the premiere of a piece in this genre with a cryptogrammic C B A A motif after a pregnant Clara urged Robert Schumann to expand his Phantasie in A minor by two movements. Before Leonard Bernstein ("BURN-styne") conducted a piece in this genre, he controversially stated that the exceptionally (*) slow tempi were not suggested by him. Brahms joked that the dark second movement of his second piece in this genre was "a tiny little wisp of a scherzo." The composer who wrote a heavier ossia cadenza for one piece in this genre and dedicated another to his hypnotherapist Nikolai Dahl was Sergei Rachmaninoff. For 10 points, name this type of piece that Lang Lang might play alongside an orchestra.

Piano Concertos

Prokofiev's C-major third work in this genre begins with an elegiac clarinet solo. Bartok's first work in this genre begins with ominous repeated notes in the timpani. Shostakovich's first one of these works uses an orchestra of only strings and trumpet. Gershwin's only work in this genre also begins with a timpanisolo and is in F Major. Rachmaninoff's second work in this genre was his first piece after a period of writer's block. Paul Wittgenstein commissioned Prokofiev's fourth and Ravel's D-minor works in this genre, both of which only use the soloist's left hand. For 10 points, name these works for a keyboard instrument and orchestra.

Piano Concertos

The 3/4 time first movement of a classical-era C minor piece in this genre oddly uses double-exposition form to introduce two different melodic ideas, before it develops several themes in E-flat major. A piece in this genre that opens with one tutti high E eighth note has its first motif introduced by the oboe. Like the composer's String Quartet No. 1 in G minor, another piece in this genre imitates folk instruments using a falling minor second motif; that piece in this genre has a 2/4 time third movement inspired by the (*) halling dance and opens with a dramatic timpani roll. Robert Schumann's A minor composition in this genre directly inspired Edvard Grieg's. Mozart's pieces in this genre, which number twenty-seven in total, include "Jeunehomme" and "Elvira Madigan." For 10 points, name this genre of orchestral piece with a keyboard soloist.

Piano Concertos

The final movement of one composition of this type features a male chorus singing passages from Adam Oehlenschläger's Aladdin, and was composed by Ferruccio Busoni. Another work of this type begins with a single chord from the orchestra before a descending flourish from the solo instrument, followed by the main theme introduced by the oboe. That piece by Schumann inspired another composer to create a work of this type in A minor which opens with a timpani roll. The second movement of Mozart's twenty-first one was featured prominently in the film Elvira Madigan. Johann Baptist Cramer nicknamed Beethoven's E-flat-major fifth one the "Emperor." For 10 points, name this type of composition for orchestra and a solo keyboard instrument.

Piano Concertos

The second movement of one of these pieces by this composer begins with the muted first violins playing the following notes alternately lower and higher: F (pause) C-A (pause) F-C. The E-flat major "Larghetto" second movement of one of these pieces in C minor is in cut common time, and omits the trumpets and timpani. The E-flat major ninth of these pieces begins with the soloist interrupting the orchestra almost right away. The score of the D major penultimate one has huge chunks of the (*)) left hand of the solo part missing. A turbulent theme is sandwiched by a serene B-flat major one in the "Romanze" second movement of the twentieth of these pieces, one of only two in a minor key. They includes pieces nicknamed Jeunhomme, Coronation, and Elvira Madigan. For 10 points, name these twenty-seven pieces by Mozart, for a solo keyboard instrument and orchestra.

Piano Concertos

These pieces are said to employ the ";principle of open ends,"; or the ";principle of jig-saw,"; in the influential 1948 ";companion to"; them written by Arthur Hutchings. Two of them end not with the usual rondo but with a theme and variations—the latter of those two features the soloist interrupting the tutti in the last movement with a series of sixteenth notes and is in C minor. The only movement their composer ever wrote in F sharpminor appears in the 6/8 Adagio second movement in one of these pieces. The penultimate one of them, in D major, originally lacked tempo markings in its final two movements and featured many stretches where nothing at all was written for the soloist's left hand. The F major Andante second movement of the 21st of these pieces featured prominently in the Swedish film Elvira Madigan. The ";Coronation"; and ";Jeunehomme"; are examples of, for 10 points, what works for keyboard soloist and orchestra by the composer of the Jupiter Symphony?

Piano Concertos

A 1995 article examining these musical works proposed an expected value based on the constraints m over 4 is less than or equal to a is less than or equal to m over 2. That article by John Putz cited outliers—such as a value of nearly 0.8 for a movement of one of these works that begins with a half-note open octave C, followed by ascending open-octave quarter notes E-flat, G, C, E-flat—as causing an r-squared value of 0.938 for one part of a claim made about these works. Putz thus dismissed that claim about these works, though he did note that the first of them, in C major, begins with a movement that has an exposition of 38 bars and a development and recapitulation of 62 bars. The eighth of these works, in A minor, may have been inspired by the death of the composer's mother. These pieces are the most-commonly cited examples of sonata-allegro forms supposedly divided at the golden mean. For 10 points, name these 18 works, the 16th of which is a C major "Simple" one.

Piano Sonatas

A Mozart piece in this genre begins in 6-8 with fanfare-like ascending D major arpeggios and is infamous for its difficult two-voice canonic passages in sixteenth notes. A piece in this genre is often paired with a Fantasy in the same key of C minor. An A-major Mozart piece in this genre begins with an Andante set of (*) variations in 6-8. Muzio Clementi pioneered this genre. Mozart's last piece in this genre is often nicknamed "Hunt" or "Trumpet," and his K. 545 is a C-major piece in this genre "for beginners." Mozart used a "Rondo alla Turca" to end a piece in—for 10 points—what genre of keyboard music?

Piano Sonatas

Charles Ives wrote a work of this kind that included movements named after transcendentalists like Emerson and Thoreau. Dominico Scarlatti wrote 555 of them for the harpsichord. Another work of this kind, which contains exposition and recapitulation segments, opens with fortissimo B-flat major chords. In addition to ones named (*) "Concord" and "Hammerklavier," another work of this type was written in C-sharp minor and was subtitled "quasi una fantasia" in another musical piece. Ludwig Rellstab coined that work's name, which was inspired by a reflection on Lake Lucerne. For ten points, identify this kind of musical composition, a "Moonlight" one of which was composed by Beethoven.

Piano Sonatas

They're not concertos or Schubert pieces, but Mitsuko Uchida made a famous recording of these pieces for the Phillips Label along with a Fantasia in C minor that is typically paired with these pieces. Several early examples of these works, including one containing a notable rondeau en polonaise, were published during their creator's time in Munich. They're not string quartets, but the final one of these works in D major is nicknamed "The Hunt," and one of these works in (*) C major opens with arpeggiated tonic triads in the right hand and an Alberti bass in the left; that 16th of these works was nicknamed "facile" ("fah-CHEE-lay") and is marked "for beginners." The sounds of Ottoman janissaries are imitated in the "rondo alla turca" of one of these works written in A major. For 10 points, name this group of eighteen pieces written for a solo keyboard instrument by the composer of Eine kleine Nachtmusik.

Piano Sonatas

Mily Balakirev convinced this composer to re-work the "love theme" of one of his Shakespearean tone poems, an "Overture-Fantasy" on Romeo and Juliet. He used La Marseillaise to represent Napoleon's army as its invasion of (*) Russia failed under cannonfire, represented by bass drum or an actual cannon. For 10 points, name this Romantic Russian composer of six symphonies, including the Pathetique Symphony, and the 1812 Overture.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

One of this composer's symphonies begins with a "tempo di marcia funebre" in the parallel minor, before returning to Allegro Briliante in D major, the tonic. Another of this composer's symphonies quotes the folk song "The Crane" in its C Major finale which begins Moderato Assai, and a solo horn plays "Down By Mother (*) Volga". The second movement of this man's sixth symphony contains a limping 5/4 waltz, and Lord Byron inspired this man's Manfred Symphony in B minor. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of symphonies nicknamed "Polish" and "Pathetique" as well as The Nutcracker.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

One of this man's symphonies uses the folk song 'The Crane' in its finale, and opens with a solo horn playing "Down by Mother Volga," a folk song in Ukraine. This man's final symphony includes a movement in 5/4 time that is reminiscent of a waltz, and he may have killed himself 9 days after that work's premiere. In addition to the "Little Russian" and (*) "Pathetique" symphonies, he composed a piece that quotes "La Marseillaise" and "God Save the Czar" to commemorate the Battle of Borodino. For 10 points, name this composer who included several cannon shots in his 1812 Overture.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

The Moderato e risoluto first movement of a G major sonata by this composer introduces the "Grand Motif." A piece by this composer quotes the chansonette Il faut s'amuser, danser, et rire and includes a three-note phrase referencing the name of the soprano Desiree Artot. Hans von Bulow premiered that piece by this composer in Boston when its original dedicatee rejected it. This composer included a barcarolle inspired by June in a set of twelve character pieces, entitled The Seasons. Van Cliburn's version of this composer's B-flat minor concerto, which opens with three descending horn figures, helped him win the piano section of the inaugural 1958 iteration of an international competition that is named for this composer and held every four years in Moscow. For 10 points, name this composer who also wrote the 1812 Overture.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

The finale of this composer's third symphony was marked Tempo di polacca [poe-LAH-kah]. One opera by this composer is based on Pushkin's poem about the Battle of Poltava, and another is based on Friedrich Schiller's poem about Joan of Arc. In addition to Mazeppa and The Maid of Orleans, this composer wrote a work in which the protagonist confuses the daughter of the sorcerer Von Rothbart with the princess Odette. Name this composer of the ballets Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

The melancholy motto that opens this composer's Symphony No. 5, which begins (read slowly) "long G, then two short Gs, then long A," is restated triumphantly in major to open the finale, marked Andante maestoso. In this composer's Symphony No. 4, a high A played by the oboe begins the trio of a scherzo ("SKAIRT-zoh") in which the strings play pizzicato ("pit-sih-KAH-toh") throughout. That fourth symphony by this composer opens with a brass fanfare introducing a Beethoven-inspired (*) "fate" motif. This man used the odd time signature of 5/4 ("five-four") for a dance in his last symphony, called the "limping waltz." That sixth symphony by this composer of the Manfred Symphony premiered nine days before his death. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the "Pathetique" symphony and 1812 Overture.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

This composer used a folk song in 2/4 time that shifts into 3/4 as the theme of the muted B-flat major Andante cantabile (on-DON-tay con-TAH-bee-lay) movement of his first string quartet, a common cello encore. In a two-movement chamber piece, this composer wrapped up a set of variations, mostly in E major, by returning to the A minor funereal (fyoo-NEE-ree-ul) theme of the "Pezzo elegiaco" (PET-so el-eh-JAH-ko) first movement. He wrote the string sextet (*) Souvenir de Florence (soov-NEER duh fluh-RAWNCE). Sergei Taneyev (tuh-NAY-yiff) premiered his two-movement Piano Trio dedicated to the memory of Nikolai Rubinstein, who had earlier criticized his Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor. The Allegro con grazia second movement of a symphony by this composer is a 5/4-time "limping" waltz. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Pathétique Symphony.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

One of this composer's works begins with the strings slowly playing "D-E-F-sharp" before the violin soloist plays a very long pentatonic cadenza. He used folksongs as the basis for his three Norfolk Rhapsodies. He contributed the hymn "For All the Saints" or Sine No mine to the 1906 Hymnal. Midway through another of this composer's works, the solo viola introduces a theme that is then developed by the rest of a string quartet, which contrasts with a double string orchestra. This composer based a work for violin and orchestra on the George Meredith poem "The Lark Ascending." For 10 points, identify this English composer who wrote fantasias on "Greensleeves" and on a theme of Thomas Tallis.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

One of this man's symphonies includes quotes from Shelley, Coleridge, and Donne at the beginning of some movements. That symphony, his seventh, was based on a film score about a journey to the Antarctic. A hymnal called "Why fum'th in fight" was the basis for a work by this man scored for a (*) string quartet and two orchestras. Another work of his for violin was inspired by a poem of the same name written by George Meredith. For 10 points, name this composer of Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis, The Lark Ascending, and Fantasia on Greensleeves.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

The "Epilogue" section of this composer's sixth symphony is marked senza espressivo and is played entirely pianissimo. This man wrote a choral Serenade to Music based on a scene from Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. A Robert Louis Stevenson poem led this composer to include "Whither Must I Wander" in his (*) Songs of Travel. One symphony by this composer uses a wind machine to imitate the environment of the title location. This composer of A Sea Symphony was inspired by the writer of Spem in alium to compose his Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis. For 10 points, name this English composer of Sinfonia Antartica and The Lark Ascending.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

The "Lento moderato" second movement of this composer's third symphony opens with a natural horn solo, and culminates in a trumpet cadenza over a pedal point in the strings. This composer specified that the "Landscape: Lento" third movement of another symphony must lead without pause into the fourth movement, which quotes Donne's "The Sun Rising." In that symphony by him, the fifth movement epilogue quotes the line "I do not regret this journey" from an (*)) explorer's journal. This composer had a choir sing several Walt Whitman poems in his first symphony, and based his seventh symphony on music he composed for the film Scott of the Antarctic. A violin represents a bird from a George Meredith poem in this man's best-known piece. For 10 points, name this English composer of A Sea Symphony and The Lark Ascending.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

The second movement of this composer's third symphony features a trumpet cadenza played over string accompaniment. In the score for another of his symphonies, each of the five movements begins with a literary quote, which is sometimes included in performances. That symphony uses a wordless chorus, a soprano soloist and a wind machine to evoke the title location. This composer's first symphony incorporates texts from Whitman's Leaves of Grass and is titled A Sea Symphony. He split a string orchestra into three parts for a fantasia based on a setting of "Why Fum'th in Fight" by Thomas Tallis. For 10 points, name this British composer of Sinfonia Antartica and The Lark Ascending.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This composer quoted his own hymn Sine Nomine and music from the "House Beautiful" scene of one his operas in the Passacaglia finale to his Fifth Symphony. The finale of his Third Symphony opens with a wordless soprano singing over timpani. An Intermezzo based on the tune "My Bonny Boy" joins the march "Seventeen Come Sunday" in his English Folk Song Suite for military band. Excerpts from Captain Scott's journal can be read by a narrator in the Epilogue to his seventh symphony, the Sinfonia Antartica. A pentatonic melody for violin represents the title bird in a work by him inspired by a George Meredith poem. He arranged a tune falsely attributed to Henry VII in his opera Sir John in Love. For 10 points, name this composer of The Lark Ascending and Fantasia on Greensleeves.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This composer used an English horn solo over muted strings to begin the Romanza third movement of his Symphony No. 5. An intermezzo is surrounded by two marches in a suite by this composer that quotes tunes such as "Seventeen Come Sunday." He wrote an overture to Aristophanes's play The Wasps and used a harp to imitate the Westminster chimes in his second symphony. This composer called for a string quartet, a chamber string orchestra, and a full-size string orchestra in a piece based on the (*) Renaissance melody "Why fum'th in fight." A soaring violin solo depicts the upward motion of the title bird in a piece by this man based on George Meredith's poem The Lark Ascending. For 10 points, name this composer of fantasias on "Greensleeves" and a theme of Thomas Tallis.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This composer's eighth symphony begins with a set of "variations without a theme". In one of his pieces, the solo violin enters by playing a rising pentatonic melody beginning "D-E-D-E-A". The first and last movements of this composer's second symphony feature a harp imitating the Westminster Chimes. Several Walt Whitman poems are set in his first symphony, whose second movement is titled "On the (*)) Beach at Night, Alone". This composer wrote a piece based on a George Meredith poem about a singing bird and a piece for four solo strings and double string orchestra which is based on the "Third Mode Melody" of an earlier English composer. For 10 points, name this English composer of The Lark Ascending and Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

In one work of this type, the notes "A / A-F-Bb-C#" introduce the subject of the second movement double fugue. "Anthem for Doomed Youth" is quoted in a composition of this type by Benjamin Britten that premiered at Coventry. Faure's work in this genre substitutes Pie Jesu [PEE-ay YAY-sue] for the traditional (*) Dies [DEE-ays] Irae sequence. A setting of Matthew 5:4 opens a non-liturgical "German" work in this genre by Brahms. Count von Walsegg commissioned a work of this type that was completed by Franz von Sussmayr upon the original composer's death. For 10 points, name this "mass for the dead", including an unfinished D minor one by Mozart.

Requiem

In one work with this title, the chorus, soprano soloist, and boy's choir always sing in Latin, but the tenor and baritone soloists sing in English, including "I am the enemy you killed" in the "Libera Me" movement. One work with this title, written by Giuseppe Verdi, has a Sanctus movement which uses two choruses. These works often contain movements titled (*)) Dies Irae. One composer of a work with this title died after writing eight measures of its "Lacrymosa" movement, which begins with strings playing ascending and descending minor seconds in groups of two. That work was finished by Franz Süssmayr ["SOOS-my-err"]. Benjamin Britten and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart all set, for 10 points, this traditionally Catholic mass for the dead.

Requiem

Luigi Cherubini (care-oo-BEE-nee) controversially included a tam-tam and mixed chorus in his C minor piece in this genre that premiered at the Abbey of Saint-Denis (san-duh-NEE). Four brass brands are placed at four corners of the stage for the second movement of a piece in this genre by Hector Berlioz. Four offstage trumpets play in the "Tuba Mirum" section of a piece in this genre, sometimes named for Alessandro Manzoni, by (*) Giuseppe Verdi. Franz von Walsegg commissioned a piece in this genre so that he could pass it off as his own, and it was completed by Franz Sussmayr after its composer's death. Mozart's draft of a piece in this genre cut off during the "Lacrimosa" section of the "Dies Irae" (DEE-ess EE-ray). For 10 points, name this type of mass written for the dead.

Requiem

The stolen bottom corner of a page from this work had indicated that the "quam olim" fugue from its "Hostias" section was to be repeated. The inverted theme of the "Introit" of this work was later found in a fragment of an "Amen" fugue, suggesting it was meant to be included in this work. A bass soloist echoes an arpeggiated B-flat major trombone solo in the "Tuba Mirum" part of this piece. After Joseph Eybler passed on (*) completing this work, the task was then given to Franz Süssmayr. The composer of this piece died after completing 8 measures of the "Lacrymosa" section. For 10 points, name this mass for the dead by Mozart.

Requiem

This composition's opening quotes Handel's The ways of Zion do mourn, and its second movement uses Handel's chorus "And with his stripes we are healed" for the theme of a double fugue. The second violin and viola play quarters under the first violins' offbeat eighths in a 12/8 Larghetto in this piece. A solo bass echoes the B-flat major melody played by solo trombone to open this work's Tuba mirum. Franz von Walsegg commissioned this D minor sacred work, and probably would have passed it off as his own if not for the composer's widow Constanze Weber ("kon-STAHNT-suh VAY-bur"). Its Sanctus and Agnus Dei were written by Franz Süssmayr, who completed its Lacrimosa. For 10 points, name this funeral mass by Mozart.

Requiem

This piece was recorded with an unusually slow tempo in 1971 by Karl Böhm and the Vienna Philharmonic. This piece borrows thematic material from a section of Handel's Messiah titled "And with his stripes we are healed" for the first subject of its second-movement double fugue. It opens with strings accompanying the notes [read slowly] "D C-sharp D E F" played on the bassoons, which are joined by the basset horns playing a fifth higher. A trombone solo occurs in this piece's Tuba mirum, which is in B-flat like its final three movements; however, like Verdi's piece in the same genre, this piece's tonic key is D minor. At the request of the composer's widow Constanze, this piece was completed by Franz Süssmayr. For 10 points, name this mass for the dead by the composer of Eine kleine nachtmusik ("EYE-nuh KLY-nuh NAKT-moo-zik").

Requiem

This piece's second section is a double fugue whose opening phrase has a very long melisma and opens with the disjunct melody [read slowly] "A, A, F, high B-flat, low C-sharp." Quiet modulations to A-flat minor then F major end an A minor section of this piece that opens with sequences of forceful rapid stepwise ascents and descents of thirds in the strings trading with sotto voce ("VO-chay") pleas. This piece's opening section, whose bassoon melody begins on the second beat, borrows from "Zion do Mourn," part of a piece in the same genre composed "for Queen Caroline" by (*) Handel. In this work, a bass soloist echoes a descending B-flat major triad played by solo trombone. An undulating Larghetto 12/8 movement closes this D minor piece's Sequentia section. Franz Xaver Süssmayr completed that "Lacrimosa" from this work after its composer's 1791 death. For 10 points, name this mass for the dead, the unfinished final work by the composer of The Magic Flute.

Requiem

Alberich forges the title object of one opera by this composer. He's not John Philip Sousa, but he invented a new tuba and built a special theater in Bayreuth [bi-ROYT] for his music. He was inspired by Norse myth to write a set of four operas which ends with the burning of (*) Valhalla. For 10 points, name this German composer of Tannhauser, Lohengrin, and Tristan und Isolde, whose Das Rheingold begins his 16-hour long Ring of the Nibelung cycle of operas.

Richard Wagner

An aphorism states this person's ideas "straightaway become manias" since he is tyrannized by them, and that this man's "violent love" of "repetition" causes him to "bore us with his raptures." This man is attacked as being "thoroughly feminini generis" in a work that bizarrely calls him the "Cagliostro of modernity." This man, who is described as "the most triumphant creature alive," became a "cranky and desperate decadent" when he "suddenly fell helpless and broken on his knees before the Christian cross" according to an essay titled "The Case Of" this thinker. A dithyramb attacking this man called "On the Poverty of the Richest" ends a philosophical tract about him, whose influence on a certain philosopher is repudiated in the section "An Attempt at Self-Criticism." One of the Untimely Meditations discusses, for 10 points, Friedrich Nietzsche's relationship to what German composer?

Richard Wagner

An opening E major horn solo in an opera by this composer forms the basis for many of its later themes. He's not Verdi, but the aforementioned opera features the sounds of anvils as two characters descend into another realm. In another opera by this composer, a town clerk's serenading is repeatedly interrupted by the work of a cobbler. That opera's C major overture suddenly switches to a chorus, during which the knight (*) Walther steals numerous glances at Eva. This composer, a notorious anti-Semite, wrote an essay on Judaism in music. For 10 points, name this German composer of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg and the Ring Cycle.

Richard Wagner

An opera by this composer uses an onstage ensemble of three piccolos, six horns, a tam-tam, and a wind machine to depict an oncoming storm in Act III. In that opera by this composer, the protagonist ignores the nagging of her nurse Mary and sings "Traft ihr das Schiff," her namesake ballad, to a chorus of young girls at their spinning wheels. An opera by this composer ends as a character sings that her lover smiles "softly and gently" and that his dead body "shines ever brighter" in her final aria, the "Liebestod." The prelude to that opera by him introduces a dissonant chord named for the first title character, a knight of the Round Table. For 10points, name this German composer of The Flying Dutchman and Tristan und Isolde.

Richard Wagner

Anton Bruckner's eighth and ninth symphonies call for an instrument invented by this composer with elements of both a French horn and a trombone. He designed a concert hall with a recessed orchestra pit that is invisible to the audience, and one of his most famous themes consists of a quarter note F followed by three B flats in a {dotted eighth-sixteenth-dotted} quarter rhythm. The (*) Bayreuth ["byeROYT"] Festival celebrates this composer, who composed a piece depicting Brünnhilde's sisters as they prepare to take warriors to Valhalla. For 10 points, name this composer of a "Wedding March" from Lohengrin, as well as the "Ride of the Valkyries."

Richard Wagner

Concerning an opera by this man, Anna Russell said that "if you know the chord of E-flat major, you know the overture to it." This composer gave the score of his Symphony in C as a present to Mendelssohn, after which it was lost for 40 years. The opening four note motif to one of this composer's operas is quoted repeatedly and mockingly marked avec une grande émotion in Debussy's(*)"Golliwog's Cakewalk." Anton Bruckner became a massive supporter of this composer after seeing the premiere of his opera about a love-potion-drinking couple. For 10 points, name this composer famous for operas such as Tristan and Isolde and the Ring cycle.

Richard Wagner

Conducting an opera by this composer was the occasion of death for both Joseph Keilberth and Felix Mottl. Wilhelm Furtwangler recorded that opera by this composer in 1952 with Lauritz Melchior and Kirsten Flagstadas leads. Using Schopenhauer's ideas as a basis, this composer believed that opera should be a (*)) "total work of art" and take the form of a "music drama." F, D, G-sharp, and B-sharp comprise a dissonant chord created by this composer that is named for a man whose lover sings the "Liebestod" aria. For 10 points, name this composer of Tristanund Isolde.

Richard Wagner

In a film, this man's music plays as a woman looks through a telescope at lantern balloons with well-wishes written on them as they float over a golf course. This composer's music was used to score an opening scene in which Breugel's Hunters in the Snow burns and dead birds drop from the sky as Kirsten Dunst's character opens her eyes. Two Argentine tangos and this composer's music form the entirety of score used in post-1960 re-prints of Un Chien Andalou. Joseph Carl Briel juxtaposed two themes by this composer to score the scene in which Silas Lynch's militia is defeated by the cavalry of the KKK in The Birth of a Nation. Another of his pieces underscores Adenoid Hynkel dancing with an inflatable globe in The Great Dictator. For 10 points, name this composer whose music underscores a scene in which a village is destroyed by a fleet of American helicopters in Apocalypse Now.

Richard Wagner

One of this thinker's essays begins "As Man stands to Nature, so stands Art to Man" and was inspired by Feuerbach. Adorno claimed that this thinker's works incorporate formal elements of commodity fetishism, despite this thinker's anticapitalist bent, in a book titled In Search of [this thinker]. This thinker wrote a trilogy of essays inspired by the 1848 Revolutions, including "Art and Revolution" and "The Artwork of the Future." George Bernard Shaw wrote a Marxist interpretation of this man's magnum opus, which was titled for the (*)) "Perfect" follower of this thinker. In an 1849 essay, this thinker claimed that Aeschylus wrote the greatest dramas because they embodied the "Apollonian" spirit, a comment that was taken up later by Nietzsche. This author attacked Mendelssohn and Meyerbeer in the rabid Jewishness in Music. For 10 points, name this author, whose Opera and Drama elaborated the ideas of gesamtkunstwerk and leitmotiv that were later used to write his Ring Cycle.

Richard Wagner

The third act of one of this composer's operas celebrates the title character's return in a passage called the Good Friday Music. In another opera by this composer, a maid's warning that daylight approaches falls on deaf ears as Melot reveals the title characters' secret love affair. At the end of that opera, the soprano lead declares that her dead lover's eyes shine "mildly and brightly" in the "Liebestod" ["LEEB-es-tot"]. In another opera by this composer, Siegfried's lover Brünnhilde returns a central object to the Rhinemaidens and incites the title Twilight of the Gods. For 10 points, name this composer of Parsifal and Tristan und Isolde, whose Ring cycle includes the "Ride of the Valkyries.

Richard Wagner

This composer wrote the aria "Einsam in truben Tagen", which is nicknamed "Elsa's Dream." One of his characters, Alberich [ahl-beh-reek], makes a curse which this composer uses as a leitmotif [LIGHT-moe-teef] in some of his operas. One of his operas about the search for the Holy Grail, which at first was only allowed to be performed at a theatre in Bayreuth [bay-rooth], is Parsifal [PAHR-see-fahl]. Name this composer of Lohengrin whose works Das Rheingold, Die Walkure [dee VAHL-kyoo-ree], Siegfried, and Gotterdammerung make up his Ring Cycle.

Richard Wagner

This artist restaged many of George Dureau's images of dwarfs and amputees. In an expensive photograph by this artist, four silk panels surround a platinum print on linen, depicting Andy Warhol. In a departure from his usual subject matter, this photographer shot many close-ups of calla lilies. This photographer's Black Book has been criticized for its exploitative fetishization of black men. Restrictions on National Endowment of the Arts grants were enacted after it had funded a retrospective for this photographer at the Corcoran Gallery, called The Perfect Moment, soon after his 1989 death of complications from AIDS. For 10 points, name this American artist who took extremely sadomasochistic and homoerotic photographs.

Robert Mapplethorpe

A man declares "I bear no grudge, though my heart is breaking" in a song cycle by this composer, whose D-minor violin concerto was not included in the Complete Edition of his works. Songs of Dawn is this composer's last numbered piano work, and another is titled for an E. T. A. Hoffmann character. As the critic (*) Eusebius, this composer exclaimed "Hats off, gentlemen, a genius!" in reference to Chopin. This composer of Kreisleriana wrote a a "Cathedral" fourth movement for his third symphony, which was inspired by a trip to the namesake river with his wife Clara. For 10 points, identify this German composer of the "Rhenish" symphony.

Robert Schumann

A piano imitates hunting-horns well into the postlude in a piece by this composer depicting a man's walk through a forest and encounter with an evil maiden. This composer incorporated the Marseillaise in his depiction of the death of a French grenadier in one of his songs. This composer had the right hand imitate Bach counterpoint while the left hand imitates three bells, in a song about the reflection of a cathedral in water. This composer wrote twenty-six songs, one for each letter of the alphabet, in his collection (*)) Myrtles. In 1840, known as this composer's "year of song," he published a setting of Adalbert de Chamisso's A Woman's Love and Life, and set several poems by Joseph Eichendorff in his op. 39 Liederkreis. This composer's choral masterwork is a collection that ends with the poet declaring that he will put his suffering, love, dreams, and bad poems in a huge coffin and cast it out to sea. For 10 points, name this composer who adapted Heinrich Heine's Lyrical Intermezzo in his collection Dichterliebe, and dedicated Myrtles to his wife Clara Wieck.

Robert Schumann

This composer included a minor-key episode marked "Im Legendenton" (LAY-gun-DENT-in), or "in the style of a legend", in the first movement of a three-movement piano fantasy in C major. He wrote a set of piano etudes in the form of a theme, nine variations, and a finale. Easy pieces such as "Knecht Ruprecht" and "The Merry Farmer" are found in his Album for the Young. This composer used an "A E- flat C B" motif in a piece where the fiery and docile sides of his personality are contrasted in back-to- back movements titled "Florestan" and "Eusebius". The dream of a young child is the subject of the "Träumerei" (TROWM-rye) movement of his Kinderszenen (kin-dust-SANE-in). For 10 points, name this composer whose Carnaval includes a movement depicting his wife Clara.

Robert Schumann

Maud Allan created a famous production of this play titled for the "Vision" of its title character. It opens with a scene in which a Page and a Young Syrian discuss the nature of the moon, shortly after which a voice from a cistern prophesies the coming of Christ. This play was dedicated to Lord Alfred Douglas despite the fact that he'd botched the initial translation from the original (*)) French, and it was illustrated by Aubrey Beardsley. At the climax of this play, its protagonist kisses an item she'd requested as a reward for performing the "dance of the seven veils". For 10 points, name this tragedy in which the stepdaughter of Herod demands the head of Jokanaan, or John the Baptist, on a silver platter, a play by Oscar Wilde.

Salome

A promise to "drink our fill of the milk of the white goat" is made in this composer's setting of a poem beginning, "Come with me, under my coat." His earliest published choral work uses sinuous chromatic lines to set Sigebert of Gembloux's poetry for women's chorus. While directing the Madrigal Chorus at the Curtis Institute, he wrote Gaelic-inspired madrigals titled Reincarnations. Like Morten Lauridsen, this composer of The Virgin Martyrs repeated the title after the line "of shadows on the stars" in his setting of (*)) "Sure on this Shining Night." Eleanor Steber premiered the solo part of his work for soprano and orchestra, which begins with the words "It has become that time of the evening / When people sit on their porches." That work sets a prose poem that later formed the opening of James Agee's A Death in the Family. For 10 points, name this American composer of Knoxville: Summer of 1915.

Samuel Barber

In one work by this composer, a hectic allegro agitato section imitates a "streetcar raising into iron moan." That piece for soprano and orchestra opens by remarking "It has become the time of evening when people sit on their porches," and sets a James Agee poem about childhood to music. This composer's partner Gian Carlo Menotti wrote the libretto for his opera (*) Vanessa. This composer of Knoxville: Summer of 1915 adapted the second movement of his String Quartet into a piece that was played during the radio announcement of Franklin Roosevelt's death. For 10 points, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

One opera by this composer ends with the three main characters, along with the doctor and the Baroness, singing the quintet 'To Leave, To Break'. This composer personally accompanied the premiere of their Hermit Songs and wrote two settings of the poem 'Sure On This Shining Night'. Another work by this composer breaks into an allegro agitato after an opening section in which the solo soprano sings 'It has become that time of evening when people sit on their porches'. That work by this composer of Vanessa sets text by James Agee, while another of their pieces was arranged into a setting of the Agnus Dei and played to mark the deaths of two U.S. presidents. For 10 points, name this composer of Knoxville: Summer of 1915 and Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

The chorus drops to a whisper to utter the words "Father in heaven" in a piece by this composer, which sets the sermon "The Unchangeableness of God" before the title invocations from the Christian Discourses and Journals. A soprano singer representing both a child and adult narrator sings about "my father who is good to me" in a piece this composer dedicated to his own moribund father. The NBC Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Arturo Toscanini, premiered the second movement of his String Quartet on the radio in 1938. This composer of Prayers for Kierkegaard set a prose piece by James Agee for his Knoxville: Summer of 1915 and wrote a work often used in presidential funerals. For 10 points, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

This composer wrote a G major chord for the piano to introduce a melody in the first movement of a Fels-commissioned Violin Concerto. Another work by this composer includes word painting in lines like, "fainting, lifting, lifts, faints forgone: forgotten. Now is the night one blue dew." This composer wrote a work for soprano vocalist with orchestra while another work by this composer begins with a single (*)) B-flat whole note; that piece utilizes an arch form and was inspired by a passage from the Georgics about a stream growing in to a river. This composer used text by James Agee for Knoxville: Summer 1915 while another of his works began as the middle section of his String Quartet in B minor. For 10 points, name this American composer of the notoriously sorrowful piece Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

This composer wrote a piece with a concerto grosso-like structure featuring oboe, flute, and trumpet soloists. This composer of the Capricorn Concerto wrote a violin concerto with a breakneck moto perpetuo third movement. This composer wrote an overture for Richard Sheridan's play The School for Scandal. In one of this composer's operas, a pregnant Erika runs into freezing water to force a miscarriage after Anatol chooses to marry the title character. This composer arranged the second movement of his string quartet as a standalone piece for string orchestra that is often performed at major funerals. For 10 points, name this American composer of Vanessa and Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

This composer's so-called "opera" A Hand of Bridge consists of four characters, who each sing an aria about their inner thoughts while playing the titular game. The first movement of this composer's piano concerto begins with a cadenza for the soloist, while the flute introduces the theme of the second-movement Canzone. The second movement of this composer's Second Symphony was excerpted as the tone poem Night Flight, whereas this composer's First Symphony synthesizes the four movements of a classical symphony into one movement. The second movement of his (*) String Quartet was excerpted as a standalone piece that was played during the announcement of JFK's funeral. For 10 points, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings.

Samuel Barber

In one ballet by this composer, Danilo is shown the title object by the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. In another ballet by him, music for grasshoppers and dragonflies comes between the variations for the Summer Fairy and Autumn Fairy. In one ballet by him, an "Aubade" if followed by the "Dance of the Girls with Lilies". One ballet by this composer of The Stone Flower features the sisters Skinny and Dumpy. Jascha Heifetz arranged for violin and piano a "March" from one of this composer's operas. In that opera by him, the magician Tchelio loses a card game to Fata Morgana, who curses the Prince with the title obsession. In one of his ballets, the "Dance of the Knights" depicts the tension between the Montagues and Capulets. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet and the opera The Love for Three Oranges.

Sergei Prokofiev

In the third movement of one of this composer's symphonies, a funeral march consisting of violins playing jagged dotted rhythms struggles against another funeral march played by winds. In another of his symphonic third movements, a gavotte transitions into a trio, which transitions back to the gavotte in the flutes while strings play pizzicato accompaniment. He quadrupled the length of the first-movement development section in a revision of his fourth symphony, whose third movement depicts a seductive dance performed by the Beautiful Maiden. The glockenspiels and xylophones imitate ticking clocks in his last symphony, to which he added an energetic coda in the vain hope of winning a prize; that piece was originally composed for a children's radio program. This composer's fourth symphony drew heavily from his ballet The Prodigal Son. Hischosen title for his first symphony indicates that he attempted to reconcile 20th century music with the music of Haydn. He was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize in 1957 for his last symphony. For 10 points, name this Soviet-era composer of seven symphonies, such as the Classical.

Sergei Prokofiev

Kenneth MacMillan's 1965 version of a ballet by this composer provided a career renaissance for Margot Fonteyn. The second act of a ballet by this composer ends shortly after a piece in which fifteen straight timpani strikes indicate a character's death. Another of his ballets includes a dance for "Grasshoppers and Dragonflies" in the middle of four dances for seasonal fairies. Yuri Fayer convinced this man to restore the (*) original ending of a ballet that includes a part for tenor saxophone. Robert Helpmann and Frederick Ashton premiered the travesty roles of the stepsisters in the latter's version of a ballet by this composer, who quoted the gavotte from his Classical Symphony in a ballet that also includes the famous "Dance of the Knights". For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet, who also wrote Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

The third movement of this composer's first symphony is a type of French music called a gavotte [gah-VOT]. One of his ballets is The Prodigal Son, and another includes "Dance of the Knights." In one of this composer's operas, Truffaldino [troof-fahl-DEE-noe] knocks over Fata Morgana [FAH-tah mor-GAH-nah], causing the Prince to laugh. That prince, the son of the King of Clubs, becomes obsessed with some fruit. Another work by this composer features an argument between a bird and a duck. In that work, the bird has a theme performed on flute, and the duck has a theme performed on oboe. Name this composer of The Love for Three Oranges and Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

This composer embraced Christian Science in New York, where he ran into clarinetist Simeon Bellison, whose klezmer band Zimro ("ZIM-raw") just toured the Far East and contained a string quartet and piano; Bellison sent this composer a notebook of Hebrew themes that he quickly worked into an Overture for them. Before finishing a ballet with four seasonal fairies, he extracted three piano pieces from it, including a plucky, chromatic gavotte. His Symphony No. 1 in D major, scored entirely in concert pitch, imitates (*) Haydn's style and also includes a brief gavotte with "wrong notes." Galina Ulanova premiered the title roles of his Cinderella and a ballet whose three suites include "Dance of the Knights" and "Death of Tybalt." For 10 points, what composer of the "Classical Symphony" returned from exile to Soviet Russia and wrote Romeo and Juliet and Peter and the Wolf?

Sergei Prokofiev

This composer quoted "The little grey dove is cooing" in a work that ends with the burial of the title imaginary person. A ceremony honoring the sun ends this man's four-movement Scythian Suite. The Larghetto section in this composer's first symphony is followed by a movement that contains a gavotte. This composer of the (*) "Classical Symphony" portrayed a sleigh ride in the "Troika" movement of his Lieutenant Kijé suite. This man composed a "Dance of the Knights" in his opera Romeo and Juliet. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the musical children's story Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

This composer wrote a toccata for piano that begins with the repetition of a D exchanged between the two hands, with the left hand also playing the D the octave below. A solo cornet plays a quiet ascending D-major, second inversion triad, followed by a descending A-major triad, to begin a suite by this composer. This composer's sixth piano concerto is unfinished, while the climax of his second piano concerto is marked (*) "Colossale." This composer's sixth through eighth piano sonatas are his "War Sonatas." This composer intended his first symphony to sound like what Haydn would have written. This composer's fourth piano concerto was written for just the left hand, and he included sleigh bells in the "Troika" section of one of his suites. For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of Peter and the Wolf and the Lieutenant Kije suite.

Sergei Prokofiev

This composer wrote a toccata opening with fast D's played by alternating hands. He used Kabardian themes for his second string quartet in F major, and revised his cello concerto into a virtuosic Sinfonia Concertante. This composer wrote a cantata with movements like "The Crusaders in Pskov ["pss-kawf"]," and his first symphony features a "Gavotte" that imitates the style of (*) Haydn. This composer of the "Classical" Symphony depicted a "Battle on the Ice" in his cantata Alexander Nevsky, as well as a "Dance of the Knights" in his ballet Romeo and Juliet. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Lieutenant Kije suite and Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

This composer's third piano concerto opens with a lyrical solo clarinet melody and is one of the few whose second movement is in explicit theme-and-variation form. This composer's first symphony unusually contains a Gavotte as its third movement, even though that symphony was ostensibly written in the style of Haydn. This composer wrote the score for a film whose title character is (*))"created" by a copy mistake, as well as a suite adapted from that film which depicts a sleigh ride in the "Troika". This composer of the Classical Symphony and the Lieutenant Kije Suite used the timpani to represent hunters and the oboe to represent a duck in another piece. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf.

Sergei Prokofiev

A cadenza layered with ossia highlights the opening Allegro ma non tanto movement of a work by this composer, which he said was written for elephants. A C-minor solo work by this man starts with crescendo-ing chords that resemble a bell tolling. This composer of four piano concerti was inspired by an Arthur Böcklin [BOCK-lin] painting to write The (*) Isle of the Dead. One of his preludes is sometimes referred to as "The Bells of Moscow." This composer premiered many of his piano works himself, including a set of 24 variations on the "24th Caprice" for violin. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

A first movement Barcarolle opens this composer's Suite No. 1 for two pianos, which is also known as his Fantasie-Tableaux. This composer's cousin Alexander Siloti promoted a piece by him that opens with three descending fortissimo chords, is 62 bars long, and introduces a set of five pieces dedicated to Anton Arensky. The last of this composer's Fourteen Songs, Opus 34, is a piece meant to be sung on a single open vowel with piano accompaniment titled (*) Vocalise. This composer based a series of variations for piano and orchestra on an Italian's 24th caprice and used a number of chords often compared to bells to open his Piano Concerto No. 2. For 10 points, name this late Romantic Russian composer whose works include The Isle of the Dead and Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Alexander Warenberg arranged one of this composer's symphonies into a concertante work for piano and orchestra he dubbed this composer's fifth piano concerto. The scherzo [SCARE-tzo] of that symphony by this composer ends with full brass playing a modification of the Dies Irae melody, which is introduced by chimes in the final movement of another of his pieces. That latter piece by this composer has a folk-like saxophone solo in its "Non Allegro" first movement and quotes a theme from his first symphony, whose (*) premiere was screwed up by a possibly-drunk Alexander Glazunov. The hypnotist Nikolai Dahl helped this composer recover from that failure and received the dedication of this man's second piano concerto, which opens with bell-like chords. For 10 points, name this composer of Symphonic Dances and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

In one piece by this composer, the adagio sostenuto second movement opens with a gure borrowed from the composer's earlier Romance. In another piece by this composer, the allegro ma non tanto rst movement offers the soloist the choice between an ossia cadenza and a lighter cadenza. In the first eight bars of another piece by this man, which features prominently in the lm Brief Encounter, the soloist plays bell-like chords over low Fs. David Helfgott's efforts to tackle this composer's notoriously difi cult third piano concerto are depicted in the lm Shine. This man dedicated his second piano concerto to his hypnotherapist, Nikolai Dahl. Four piano concertos were composed by, for 10 points, what Russian composer who also wrote Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini?

Sergei Rachmaninoff

In this composer's Piano Concerto No. 3, a short cadenza links the second-movement Intermezzo to a finale marked Alla breve. An A minor theme is inverted and cast into D-flat major in the eighteenth section of a piece by this composer sometimes considered to be in the same genre as his Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor. This composer's Morceaux ["mor-SOH"] de fantaisie includes a popular Prelude in C-sharp minor filled with big chords. A piano soloist and orchestra play a set of twenty-four variations by this composer based on the Caprice No. 24 of the title Italian virtuoso violinist. For 10 points, name this composer of Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Just after Vladimir Horowitz arrived in the US in 1928, he asked to meet this idol of his. A short piece by this composer uses 4 staves when heavy four-note chords alternate with crashing octaves that accent a motif on beats 3, 4, and 1 using minor scale degrees 6, 5, and 1; that motif is A, G-sharp, C-sharp. In a piece by this composer, the A minor main theme is inverted to D-flat major in its (*) 18th variation. He could play difficult chords spanning a thirteenth with his enormous hands. Throughout his career, this composer was hounded by requests to play his popular Prelude in C-sharp minor. While living in exile in Switzerland, he composed a series of variations on the 24th Caprice of an Italian violin virtuoso. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of four piano concertos, as well as Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Near the end of another piece's second movement, this composer wrote "Alliluya" on the top of a page; at the very end of the score, he wrote "I thank thee, Lord." In a piece by this composer for piano and orchestra, the pianist begins this 16th-note-rhythm melody on beat three of the second-measure: [read slowly] A-flat, down to F, up to G-flat, up to A-flat, down to D-flat. A work by this composer opens with a loud and long F-minor chord in the piano followed by a single very low F. Both that C-minor piano concerto and a C-sharp minor prelude by this composer opens with (*) bell like chords. This composer included a prominent alto saxophone part in his Symphonic Dances. This composer used an Italian composer's 24th caprice for solo violin as the theme in a piece for piano and orchestra with 24 variations. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Isle of the Dead and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Several works by this composer end with a quarter note, two eighth notes, and another quarter note, considered this composer's musical signature. Eight bell-like chords open one of this composer's piano concertos, while the possibly inebriated conducting of Alexander Glazunov contributed to a disastrous premiere of his first (*) symphony. This composer was inspired by an Arthur Bocklin painting when composing Isle of the Dead, and he composed 24 variations on a caprice by another composer. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, who was also a pianist known for his very large hands.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

The fifth movement of this composer's All-Night Vigil was sung at his funeral. In several pieces, this composer used unusually widely spaced chords in order to imitate church bells, including a piece which begins with crescendoing chords alternating with low F half notes. This composer was inspired by an Arnold Bocklin painting to compose (*) The Isle of the Dead. This composer's prelude in C-sharp minor is nicknamed "Bells of Moscow" and has four staves. Another piece by this composer is based on an Italian composer's 24th caprice for violin. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of four virtuosic piano concertos and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

This composer wrote a Polichinelle [po-LEE-chee-nell] in ternary form whose key, though ambiguous, is usually described as F sharp minor. Another piece by this composer has an Agitato middle section of chromatic triplets leading into a four-stave recapitulation and begins with fortissimo octave chords on A, G sharp and C sharp. Both those pieces by this composer were included in a set dedicated to their harmony teacher, Anton Arensky. This composer of Vocalise regretted composing their most famous prelude and needed alcohol before performing the twenty-fourth and final variation on another composer's caprice for violin. For 10 points, name this composer of Prelude in C-sharp Minor and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Vladimir Horowitz recorded the Humoresque and Barcarolle from this composer's Opus 10 "salon pieces." His Opus 21 collection of 12 Romances includes "Lilacs." This composer wrote the chant-like opening theme (read slowly, pausing at commas) D, F E D, C-sharp D E, D for a concerto that ends with his four-note "signature" rhythm: quarter, eighth, eighth, quarter. Cesar Cui (say-ZAR KYOO-ee) compared this man's First Symphony to "a conservatory in Hell, and one of its students were to compose based on the story of the Ten Plagues of Egypt," leading the derisive charge against it. That negative reaction drove this composer into a four-year depression, which he escaped by writing his Piano Concerto No. 2. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of four piano concerti and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

One building this man worked on required the design of a "geometrical flat floor" roof, as it was originally based on the Theatre of Marcellus which lacked a roof. This man designed a fluted Doriccolumn with an interior staircase that allows visitors to reach the urn of fire on top; that sculpture is usually called "the Monument." Though he is definitely the designer of the Sheldonian theater, credit for many of his other works are now given to members of his office like (*)) Nicholas Hawskmoor. He may be most famous for a building with woodwork by Grinling Gibbons, domes inspired by Mansart's Val-de-Grace, and a facade with sets of paired Corinthian columns. For 10 points, name this architect behind the current St Paul's Cathedral.

Sir Christopher Wren

The spire of this man's "warrant" design for one building was superseded by a three-layer dome with a central brick cone. After Westminster Abbey rejected Bertel Thorvaldsen's statue of Byron for Poets' Corner, it ended up in a library designed by this man. Seen from Nevile's Court, that library's floor seems to extend below the arches supporting it. This man's work at Cambridge includes his first-ever commission, [*] Pembroke College's chapel, and Trinity College's library, which bears his name. Seekers of this man's memorial are told to look around themselves. With Robert Hooke, this man designed The Monument, a 202-foot column memorializing the event that cleared the way for much of his work. This man rebuilt a church with a "Whispering Gallery" after the Great Fire of 1666. For 10 points, name this English architect of St. Paul's Cathedral.

Sir Christopher Wren

This architect designed the Greenwich Observatory, and was a founding member of the Royal Society. He worked with William Talman to redesign Hampton Court Palace for William and Mary. He created a "Greek Cross" plan for his most famous work before designing a two-towered west facade and a large dome at (*)) St. Paul's Cathedral. For 10 points, name this British architect, who built 51 churches and much of London after the Great Fire of 1666.

Sir Christopher Wren

This man designed a 202-foot tall Doric column topped with a gilded urn to commemorate an event with Robert Hooke. This man designed the chapel at Pembroke College at Cambridge and the Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford, and his next major project did not follow his preliminary Warrant Design. In the same year, he also designed a library for Trinity College at Cambridge that bears his name. However, he was disappointed when James Thornhill was commissioned to paint eight scenes from the life of the title figure on the dome of the building, which had a similar function to the 53 others that he redesigned in the wake of a man-made disaster. For 10 points, identify this English architect, most famous for recreating St. Paul's Cathedral in the years following the Great Fire of London.

Sir Christopher Wren

A musical by this composer begins with an ominous organ solo that is cut off by the shrill sound of a whistle. In another of this composer's musicals, the protagonist begs "Somebody, hold me too close" and "Somebody, hurt me too deep" after seeing multiple scenes of his friends' dysfunctional married lives on his thirty-fifth birthday party. In one of his songs, Desirée moans "Isn't it (*)) rich? Are we a pair? Me here at last on the ground and you in midair." This composer wrote a musical in which the baker Mrs. Lovett wonders whether priests or poets would taste better in her cannibalistic pies in a conversation with the title serial killing barber. He included "Send in the Clowns" in his musical A Little Night Music. For 10 points, name this composer of Company and Sweeney Todd.

Stephen Sondheim

This composer, who is not Mies van der Rohe, wrote that his three artistic principles are "Less is more," "Content dictates form," and "God is in the details," all in service of "CLARITY". In a failed work by this man, Gussie has an affair with the composer Frank Shepard, whose life since adolescence is shown in reverse chronology. In another of his works, Amy lambasts "a prehistoric ritual where everybody promises fidelity forever" in a rapid patter as she panics on the morning of her (*)) wedding. This composer of Merrily We Roll Along, a frequent collaborator with James Lapine, reflected on his stage adaptation of a Victorian penny-dreadful and a 1970 show about the unmarried 35-year-old Bobby in his first annotated lyrics anthology, Finishing the Hat. For 10 points, name this protégé of Oscar Hammerstein, the lyricist and composer of the musicals Company and Sweeney Todd.

Stephen Sondheim

n one work by this composer, Jules and Yvonne are friends of Dot, the title pointillist's mistress. In another work, Madame Armfeldt hosts a party and Desiree sings "Send in the Clowns." This creator of the Sunday in the Park with George and A Little Night Music also imagined a rendezvous in the title location between Jack, Rapunzel, and Little Red Riding hood, among others. He composed a musical in which Judge Turpin sentences Benjamin Barker to 15 years of transportation after which he returns as the title "Demon Barber." For 10 points, name this composer of Into the Woods and Sweeney Todd.

Stephen Sondheim

A work in this genre is given its nickname from a pattern first seen in the opening half notes: A down to D, up to E, down to A. A work in this genre concludes with a movement titled "The Difficult Decision," in which the slow introduction is marked with the question "Must it be?," and the main theme is marked "It must be." One of these works ends with a B-flat major allegro movement that replaced a much larger section, which Stravinsky called (*) a "contemporary piece of music that will be contemporary forever." Mozart wrote a piece in this genre to mock the techniques of his contemporaries nicknamed "Dissonance." Six of Mozart's works in this genre were dedicated to Haydn, who himself wrote a set dedicated to Count Erdody that includes the "Emperor." For 10 points, name these chamber works scored for two violins, a viola, and a cello.

String Quartets

One of piece in this genre begins with low, slow repeated "C"s, followed by the sustained notes A-flat, E-flat, and A-natural. A Mozart piece in this genre was the direct model for Beethoven's Opus 18 No. 5, which is also in this genre. Mozart's late works in this genre are nicknamed for the publisher Hoffmeister and the King of Prussia. Beethoven's pieces in this genre have nicknames like (*) "Harp" and "Serioso." Mozart included pieces in this genre nicknamed "Hunt" and "Dissonance" in a set of six dedicated to Haydn. Beethoven dedicated three of them to count Razumovsky. For 10 points, name this chamber music genre played by two violins, a viola, and a cello.

String Quartets

Two compositions in this genre by Johann Vanhal and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart are nicknamed for publisher Joseph Hoffmeister. Anton Reicha [RAY-khah] composed eight pieces in this genre in Vienna. Ignaz Schuppanzigh premiered many Classical works written for this ensemble. A piece in this genre had its sixth and final movement replaced by an Allegro in B-flat major due to its original ending's (*) dissonant quality. Collections of them by another composer are named "Erdődy" [AIR-der-dee] and "Sun." The original finale of the 13th one of these compositions by Beethoven is known as the Grosse Fuge. For 10 points, name these non-symphony compositions pioneered by Joseph Haydn, written for two violins, a viola, and a cello.

String Quartets

Several members of this artistic school were lured away from Tramway V, while the move toward cubism by one member seen in The Violin created tension surrounding the 0.10 exhibition. One member of this school, which grew in part out of the Donkey's Tail, advocated a so-called fusion of painting and architecture he dubbed "Proun" and rambled insanely in the Judaism-inspired text Four Billy Goats. The cultural influence of the "beautiful corner" on this movement was discussed by its founder in The Non-Objective World, while another member created the politically-driven Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge. Including Popova and El Lissitzky, its founder worked on the set design for Victory over the Sun and works like a giant black dot and a "self-portrait" of red rectangles. FTP, identify this artistic school responsible for White on White, a blank canvas by Russian founder Kazimir Malevich.

Suprematism

An artist from this movement, who painted herself with her bare back turned to the viewer in Le Passage, was profiled in Whitney Chadwick's influential study analyzing its female artists. A hyena acts as sort of a recurring familiar in several paintings by an artist from this movement, including in a self-portrait in which she sits on a tiny blue chair in front of a white rocking-horse. After being institutionalized in Spain, that artist from this movement took advantage of a marriage of convenience to a diplomat to move to (*)) Mexico City. At this movement's first MoMA exhibition, a female artist exhibited a cup, saucer, and spoon, all covered in fur. An artist from this movement depicted his wife as a seated Madonna in a painting set on the coast of Port Lligat. Two female artists from this movement, Leonora Carrington and Meret Oppenheim, had affairs with a more prominent member who pioneered rubbing and scraping techniques called frottage and grattage. For 10 points, Gala Dali was married to a leader of what art movement?

Surrealism

An author from this movement contrasted phrases like "white napkin" and "daylight" or "the world" and "a purse" in a text that praises the novels of Matthew Lewis. An author from this movement praised his wife in a "Letter to Youki" and was thought to have written "The Last Poem," which never actually existed. Robert Desnos was an important figure in this movement, exemplified by a novel that ends with the line "Beauty will be convulsive or will not be at all," about Andre's obsession with the title woman. That novel, Nadja, was written by a man who advocated "automatic writing." For 10 points, name this movement which had a "manifesto" written by André Breton, and which was exemplified in the visual arts by painters like Salvador Dalí.

Surrealism

How Doth the Little Crocodile was painted by a British artist from this movement who lived most of her life in Mexico named Leonora Carrington. It's not futurism, but an artist from this movement painted in the pittura metafisica style and often depicted mannequins, empty urban spaces, and trains. A man looks at the back of his head in a mirror in Not to Be Reproduced, a work by a member of this movement who also painted a train emerging from a fireplace. In The Treachery of Images, that artist from this movement depicted a pipe above the statement "this is not a pipe." For 10 points, name this movement of Giorgio di Chirico and René Magritte, whose works were inspired by dreams.

Surrealism

One painting from this movement depicts a lute flanked by two halves of a pomegranate. An artist from this movement was photographed nude with a printing press by another member of this movement, but is better known for creating a fur-covered teacup. A more famous painter from this movement showed a woman with open (*) drawers in her legs in front of the titular "Burning Giraffe"; that artist also depicted the crucifixion without blood, nails, and a crown of thorns in his Christ of Saint John of the Cross. This movement included artists like Andre Masson, Meret Oppenheim, and Rene Magritte. For 10 points, name this 20th century movement founded by Andre Breton whose best-known member was Salvador Dali.

Surrealism

One thinker criticized this movement for its "vulgar" assertion that "there can be no picture without an antidote" in an essay structured around a comparison of this movement to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. That author's earlier essay "Towards a Newer Laocöon" prompted Nicolas Calas to accuse Partisan Review of a conspiracy against this movement. The short-lived journal DYN was founded by Wolfgang Paalen, a member of this movement. One document of this movement ends with a section sharing tips on "how to not be bored in company" and "how to write (*)) false novels" as examples of the "secrets" of the "magical art" of this movement. That manifesto claimed that this movement advocated for the "superior reality of certain forms of previously neglected association" in an "encyclopedic" definition of it. For 10 points, name this movement characterized by "pure psychic automatism," according to a manifesto written by one of its founders, André Breton.

Surrealism

One work from this movement illustrates a point by referring to Saint-Pol-Roux's practice of placing a placard on his door reading "The Poet Works." A poet from this movement wrote "the curve of your eyes embraces my heart" in his collection Capital and Pain. This group had fun composing collaborative works by playing exquisite corpse and was encouraged by its leader to engage in "pure psychic automatism," or writing unconsciously. An early work from this movement is a play in which a mythological seeress becomes a man and the title objects turn into balloons and float away. Exemplified by The Breasts of Tiresias, this movement had a name coined by Guillaume Apollinaire, and its manifesto was written by Andre Breton. For 10 points, name this literary movement whose works relied on surprise and non sequitur, much like the paintings of Dali.

Surrealism

Musicians refer to the D, E flat, E, B flat motif as this work's namesake chord. An inversion of the 'Dies Irae" chant is played when a character sees how his friend "smiles in the light." The "Dies Irae" is also heard in the brass in the song "Epiphany" as well as in the vocals for the eponymous "Ballad." A passacaglia plays after Jonas Fogg's (*)) asylum is escaped by the singer of "Green Finch and Linnet Bird" with Anthony Hope's help. Tobias Ragg kills the title character after he kills a beggar woman who was really his wife in his quest for revenge on Jude Turpin. Beginning with "There's No Place Like London," for 10 points, name this Stephen Sondheim operetta in which the title character decides to bake "A Little Priest" into Mrs. Lovett's meats pies by killing customers of his barber shop.

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street

In the fourth movement of this symphony, the loud transition from the development to the recapitulation is interrupted by a quiet reprisal of a theme from the scherzo (SCARE-tsoh). During its first movement's recapitulation, a solo oboe plays a short cadenza. This symphony's definitive recording was made in 1974 by Carlos Kleiber. The attacca transition between this symphony's third and fourth movements marks a dramatic shift from C minor to a triumphant C major. Premiered at the same concert as its composer's next symphony, this piece ends with 29 consecutive bars of C major chords. For 10 points, name this Ludwig van Beethoven symphony whose opening "short, short, short, LONG" motif has been compared to "fate knocking at the door".

Symphony No. 5 in C Minor

Since modern horns no longer require hand-stopping for key changes, it is now rare for the recapitulation of this symphony's first movement to be introduced by the bassoons as indicated in the score. A legend suggests that part of this symphony was inspired by a yellowhammer bird. This symphony borrows from the overture to Eliza, but it is less certain that it references Luigi Cherubini's Hymne au Pantheon. The second theme of the exposition in its opening is played in E-flat, the relative major, by a pair of French horns. This piece's original title, "Destiny," is no longer used. The codetta to the first movement of this symphony references the two fortissimo phrases that open this symphony in C minor, the first of which, played by clarinets and strings, is the phrase (read slowly) "G G G long E flat." For 10 points, name this symphony with a "fate knocking at the door" motif by Ludwig van Beethoven.

Symphony No. 5 in C Minor

The fourth movement of this work marked the first appearance of a contrabassoon in a symphony. An oboe cadenza interrupts the recapitulation of this symphony's first movement, and this symphony ends triumphantly with 29 C fortissimo major chords. In this work's Allegro con brio (*) first movement, the opening rhythm is played fortissimo starting on G, then again starting on F; that beginning to this symphony was later used to represent the "V for Victory" motif and is said to represent fate knocking at the door. For 10 points, name this symphony that opens with a famous "short-short-short-long" motif, written by Ludwig van Beethoven.

Symphony No. 5 in C Minor

The opening of this symphony is thought to be taken from the Hymne du Panthéon by a contemporary the composer admired highly, Luigi Cherubini. This symphony is quoted in all four movements of Charles Ives's Concord Sonata. Its third movement scherzo contains material copied from Mozart's Symphony No. 40, and is linked to the final movement by a timpani roll, which is later joined by a string crescendo. This symphony ends with twenty-nine bars of fortissimo C major chords, whereas its dark C minor opening begins with a "fate knocking at the door" motif. That "short-short-short-long" motif opens, for 10 points, what symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven?

Symphony No. 5 in C Minor

Right outside of this building is Infinite Life, a sculpture made from elevator cables. From 6 to 10pm, this building flashes a different color of the spectrum depending on the weekday. For vertical transportation, this building uses two sky lobbies and multiple double-deck elevators that are the fastest elevators in the world. This building's 89th, 90th and 91st floors make use of the world's largest mass (*) damper to protect it from natural disasters. This blue-green building was the world's tallest building until 2010. Inspired by bamboo's form, C. Y. Lee directed the design of this skyscraper and made eight outwardly pointing tiers to make it resemble a Buddhist pagoda. For 10 points, name this skyscraper found in the capital of Taiwan.

Taipei 101

This building displayed E=mc² in lights along its side for the 50th anniversary of Albert Einstein's death. Curled ornaments representing ceremonial scepters adorn the exterior of this building, which is the tallest LEED certified building in the world. This building is notable for holding the world's largest and heaviest tuned mass (*) damper and was designed by C. Y. Lee. The center of this building features eight segments of eight floors each stacked on top of each other, resembling an inverted pagoda. For 10 points, name this skyscraper named for the number of floors it contains, which is located in the capital of Taiwan.

Taipei 101

In the first scene of this opera's third act, one character signals his lover by singing the ballad "In Mohrenland gefangen war." A bass in this opera revels in the gruesome punishments he's ready to dish out in the aria "Ha, wie will ich triumpheren." In its second act, its female lead tells her English chambermaid Blonde that she's willing to suffer unimaginable torture to avoid sleeping with another of its characters in the aria "Martern aller Arten." This opera incorporates percussion instruments such as the bass drum, the triangle, and cymbals in its overture, and ends with a ruler freeing its main characters even after learning that one of them is the son of his enemy Lostadatos. Throughout this opera, Pedrillo helps Belmonte attempt to reunite with his lover Konstanze, who is held captive by Osmin in the title location. For 10 points, name this comic opera by Mozart, which is set in the Pasha Selim's harem.

The Abduction from the Seraglio

The middle section of this opera's overture presents a minor-mode version of its first aria, "Hier soll ich dich den sehen." Several numbers, including the overture, feature piccolo, triangle, cymbals, and bass drum. At one point, one character sings a romance accompanied only by pizzicato strings, "Im Mohrenland," to signal to the protagonist as they carry out their plot. Toward the end, this opera's main antagonist sings two low D's in "O, wie will ich triumphieren," an aria expressing his desire to send the protagonists to the gallows. Its best-known aria, sung by the lead soprano in response to the threat of torture, is "Martern aller Arten." It also features a famous chorus of Janissaries. For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart in which Belmonte rescues Konstanze from Pasha Selim's harem.

The Abduction from the Seraglio

This opera's third act ends with an aria that symbolically switches from D minor to B-flat major. A servant, while picking figs, lists punishments such as impaling in its aria "Such ragamuffins." In its firstact, another character is introduced as an architect and sings the trio "Marsch! Marsch! Marsch!" Its composer was accused of indulging Caterina Cavalieri by including a purely orchestral two-minute prelude to an aria discussing torture called (*)) "Martern aller Arten." A maid who sings "Welche Wonne, welche Lust" named Blonde is enslaved by the cowardly Osmin in, for 10 points, which opera, in which the lovers Belmonte and Constanze are set free by Pasha Selim, composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?

The Abduction from the Seraglio

The artist of this painting only made one other work in the same genre, in which a snake has been crushed by a stone and a woman with her hand on her heart looks up at a glass sphere. Near the bottom left of this painting, a death mask lies on a table. A chandelier in this painting is topped by a double-headed eagle. A large blue and gold curtain is pulled back to reveal this painting's scene. A woman in this painting may be carrying a book by Thucydides, since she is based on Cesare Ripa's depiction of Clio. That woman also carries a trumpet and wears a blue wreath on her head. A large map of the Netherlands hangs on the back wall of the room in this painting, which shows a painter and a female model. For 10 points, name this allegorical work by Jan Vermeer.

The Art of Painting

The artist of this painting refused to sell it to settle his debts, leaving his widow to bequeath it to her mother Maria Thins to keep the creditors away. A mask can barely be seen on the table in this painting, which is partly covered by a large set of blue and gold drapes. In a canvas by Dali, the subject of this painting balances a bottle of wine on his massively outstretched right leg. The uppermost part of a chandelier hanging from the ceiling in this painting is decorated with a double-headed eagle. A woman in this painting, who carries a trumpet, holds a yellow-colored volume of Thucydides, and wears a blue (*)) laurel and a blue robe, symbolizes Clio, the Muse of History. A crease in the large map in this painting's back wall signifies the political division between the independent northern and Habsburg southern Dutch provinces. Sitting on a chair on a checkered floor in this painting, a man works at his easel. For 10 points, name this painting in which Vermeer depicts someone of his profession, maybe even himself, hard at work.

The Art of Painting

This painting is bookended on each side by maroon chairs with tassles and gold studs. The image on the wall in this painting is, as in many other works by its artist, labeled with the word "Descriptio," its creators being known as "World Describers. The lack of candles in the golden chandelier adorned with a double-headed eagle in this work is likely a reference to the suppression of the painter's faith. A large tapestry serves as a repoussoir, held back by the chair on the left. Black and white tile belies this painting's meager setting and led to its misidentification as a work of Peter de Hooch. One figure, wearing a poofy black and white slashed doublet, has his back to the viewer and rests his right arm on a maulstick, while the other figure wears holds a book and a trumpet in the guise of Clio. For 10 points, name this work that symbolically depicts an artist painting a posing subject, by Jan Vermeer.

The Art of Painting

A bass in this opera sings the patter song "A un dottor della mia sorte" to a woman who had earlier schemed to trick him in the duet "Dunque io son." For many years, prima donnas sang their favorite arias during this opera's "Lesson Scene." Its second scene begins with its lead soprano singing "Una Voce Poco Fa" to express her desire to meet (*)) Lindoro. In this opera's final scene, Count Almaviva succeeds in marrying Doctor Bartolo's ward Rosina, with the help of the title character, Figaro. First premiered in 1816, for 10 points, name this comic opera by Rossini set in the title Spanish city.

The Barber of Seville

A cavatina from this opera often transposed from E major to F major for coloratura sopranos is sung by its female lead just before she writes a letter. This opera's final scene features the failure of three characters to escape a doctor's house after another character had removed their escape ladder. A character in this opera disguises himself as a drunken soldier, a music teacher, and a student named (*) Lindoro in order to be with his lover. Before the doctor Bartolo is able to stop a wedding, Count Almaviva marries Rosina at the end of this opera. In the aria "Largo al factotum", this opera's title character sings his name repeatedly as he makes his first entrance. For 10 points, Figaro is the title character of what opera by Gioachino Rossini?

The Barber of Seville

In one scene in this opera, a housemaid named Berta gets frightened by a drunken soldier. One character in this opera is bribed to pretend he is sick with scarlet fever so that Don Alonso may take his place. The main female protagonist of this opera writes a love letter to a (*) poor student named Lindoro, who is actually another character in disguise, and she later has a singing lesson with the music teacher Basilio. For 10 points, name this opera in which Bartolo and Count Almaviva quarrel over Rosina, an opera by Gioachino Rossini and the prequel to The Marriage of Figaro.

The Barber of Seville

In past performances of this opera, the Romani aria "Manca un foglio" was often used instead of the more difficult aria "A un dottor della mia sorte." The music teacher Basilio agrees that he is suffering from scarlet fever after accepting a bribe during this opera's quintet "Buona sera, mio signore." One character in this opera sings "Lindoro will be mine" in the aria "Una voce poco fa," and this opera's title character sings "Razors and combs / Lancets and scissors / At my command" in another aria. Rosina and Count Almaviva get married in this opera, which includes Figaro's aria "Largo al factotum." For 10 points, name this Rossini opera set in a Spanish city.

The Barber of Seville

In this actual opera, the fictional opera The Vain Precaution is sung in a scene in which the female lead pretends to receive music lessons from a character disguised as Dr. Alonso. The disguised character is actually a supposedly poor student named Lindoro, who gets help from this opera's title character. The celebrated baritone aria "Largo al factotum" proclaims the importance of this opera's title character, who helps the disguised Count Almaviva marry Rosina. For 10 points, Figaro is the title character of what Giacomo Rossini opera?

The Barber of Seville

In this opera's second act, the strings play staccato sotto voce quarter-notes to depict raindrops at the onset of a storm. Afterward, two characters in this opera climb up to a balcony on a ladder, but when they try to leave, the ladder is gone. The oft-replaced song "Contro un cor" is sung during a music lesson, which is followed by a quintet when the real teacher (*) Basilio arrives. In a cavatina often transposed up from E major to F major, a woman sings that "A voice has just echoed here in my heart" in response to a love letter from a man disguised as the student Lindoro, who had serenaded her with "Ecco ridente in cielo." The 6/8 Allegro vivace patter song "Largo al factotum" is sung by the title baritone, Figaro. For 10 points, name this opera in which Dr. Bartolo fails to keep Count Almaviva from seducing Rosina, a work by Gioachino Rossini.

The Barber of Seville

In this opera, a plan to woo the female lead is agreed upon in the duet "All'idea di quell metallo." That plan involves a nobleman impersonating a drunken soldier who seeks housing for the night. In one scene in this opera, a music teacher Basilio is bribed to feign sickness. In this work, the title character sings "Largo al factotum" as he first appears on stage. This opera ends when Count Almaviva manages to marry Rosina before her father Bartolo can interrupt the wedding. For 10 points, name this opera whose title character sings the famous lines "Figaro! Figaro! Figaro," a work by Gioacchino Rossini.

The Barber of Seville

In this opera, two servants are given medicine that makes one of them sneeze continuously and makes the other yawn nonstop. One character boasts that "Everyone asks for me, everyone wants me," before telling himself "You'll never lack for luck" in an aria from this opera. In this opera, a character disguises himself as the student Lindoro to try and marry his love, which he ultimately does after bribing Don Basilio the music teacher. The title character of this opera sings the aria "Largo al factotum," and later appears in a Mozart opera. For 10 points, name this opera composed by Gioachino Rossini, whose title character Figaro helps Count Almaviva win Rosina.

The Barber of Seville

Like its composer's opera about Elizabeth of England, this opera's overture is directly taken from that of Aureliano in Palmira. When asked to turn over a love letter, a girl in this opera hands over a laundry list instead. Its overture's F minor second theme features a motif of three staccato eighth notes, followed by two slurred ones, in an example of the composer's iconic "crescendo." A tone below the original D major is usually used to sing its aria about gossip titled "La calunnia." Arias in this opera include one sung before the music teacher Don Basilio arrives, titled "Una voce poco fa" ("OO-nah VOH-chay POH-koh FA"), and one in which the title character repeats his name before the patter section, titled "Largo al factotum." For 10 points, name this opera about Count Almaviva's attempts to woo Rosina, written by Gioachino Rossini.

The Barber of Seville

The E-minor Allegro Vivace section of this opera's overture develops a motive that begins: "B - B - B - C -B", all in eighth notes. Because the female lead of this opera is often played by sopranos instead of mezzo-sopranos in modern performances, her main aria is usually transposed from E major to F major. This opera's premiere was disrupted by supporters of Giovanni Paisiello, who had written an earlier opera on the same story. This opera's heroine sings of a man disguised as Lindoro in the aria "Una voce poco fa". A baritone imitates various people calling his name in his entrance aria, which begins with him repeatedly singing "La ran la lera". That is this opera's "Largo al factotum". For 10 points, Figaro helps the Count of Almaviva win the hand of Rosina in what comic opera by Giaochino Rossini.

The Barber of Seville

This opera's composer claimed he wrote it in 13 days after being commissioned by the owner of the Teatro Argentina, where its premiere was sabotaged by partisans of Giovanni Paisiello. An aria in this opera that is often transposed to F for coloratura sopranos describes an echoing voice in a heart; that aria is titled (*)) "Unavoce poco fa." This opera's title character repeats his name before the patter portion of the aria "Largo al factotum. "The disguised Almaviva tries to woo Rosina in - for 10 points - what opera by Gioachino Rossini, whose title character is Figaro?

The Barber of Seville

Two characters in this opera sneak onto a balcony with a ladder, but find it missing when they try to leave, causing them to bribe an approaching man to be witnesses to a marriage contract. At the end of the first act of this opera, the Officer of the Watch refuses to arrest a man pretending to be a drunken (*) soldier. That character later impersonates a music teacher, claiming that Don Basilio is sick. In the aria "Largo al factotum," the title character agrees to help a man disguised as Lindoro. For 10 points, Figaro helps Count Almaviva win the hand of Rosina in what comic opera by Gioachino Rossini?

The Barber of Seville

The Hollywood art satirist John Decker painted Charlie McCarthy as this painting's subject. It brought its long-dead creator out of obscurity when it was purchased, under the title "Portrait of a Man" at an 1865 auction and is now found in the Wallace Collection. An inscription on the upper right notes that the anonymous subject is twenty-six years old; he wears ruffles on his wrists, attached to his black doublet inlaid with gold and colored lace. A giant collar, visible pink around the nose and curled hair brushed backwards also appear, along with an enormous, upward-pointing mustache and a goatee on this man wearing a gigantic black hat. For 10 points, identify this misnamed painting of a man who is merely smiling, a work by Franz Hals.

The Laughing Cavalier

At one point in this opera, a character sings of his desire for a wife while a glockenspiel accompaniment represents his bells, after which he pledges his love to an elderly woman and she transforms into a pretty girl. This opera's antagonist gives her daughter a dagger and orders her to kill another character. That aria is known for its stratospheric high Fs and titled "Der Hölle Rache." The trials of Sarastro are humorously failed by the bird catcher Papageno, and Pamina's mother is the malicious Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this German-language opera by Mozart, in which Tamino passes several trials with the help of the title enchanted instrument.

The Magic Flute

In Julie Taymor's production of this opera for the Met, masks float above three characters who ask "What? What? What?" to open a quintet. This opera's overture opens with three slow chords: E-flat major, C minor in first inversion, and E-flat major in second inversion. This opera's librettist, a Freemason named Emanuel Schikaneder ("shih-KAH-neh-dare"), premiered the role of a character whose mouth is (*) padlocked after he falsely claims to have killed a serpent. A coloratura soprano orders her daughter to kill the priest Sarastro ("sah-RAH-stroh") in this opera's aria "Hell's Vengeance," or "Der Hölle Rache" ("dair HOL-luh RAH-huh"). Two lovers complete trials of water and fire thanks to the title object of, for 10 points, what Mozart opera featuring the evil Queen of the Night?

The Magic Flute

Monostatos tries to pursue a princess who was supposedly kidnapped by Sarastro in this work. The queen instructs her daughter to kill Sarastro and gives her a dagger in this work, and one character breaks his vow of fasting by accepting water from an old woman. That old woman later turns out to be (*)) Papagena, who eventually settles down with Papageno. Prince Tamino is given the title object and is told to rescue Pamina at the beginning of this opera. For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart about an enchanted instrument.

The Magic Flute

One aria in this opera has a coloratura passage beginning with a turn on A, followed by eight eighth notes on high C, and a descent down a fifth to F; that passage is then repeated down a third. One character in this opera forgives the woman who was ordered to stab him in the aria "In diesen heil'gen Hallen". At the end of the first act of this opera, several characters can sing only the sounds "Hm! Hm! Hm! Hm!" in a quintet, after their mouths have been padlocked to prevent them from lying. A soprano in this opera has to hit a high F6 in the aria "Der Holle Räche". The protagonist of this opera tries to rescue Pamina from Sarastro with the help of the birdcatcher Papageno, on orders from the mysterious Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this singspiel by Mozart, titled after a musical instrument.

The Magic Flute

One character in this work claims to have rescued the protagonist from a massive beast, after which the Three Ladies padlock his mouth shut for lying. In another scene, that bird catcher is forced to swear not to speak to women, but sings about his desire for a wife and pledges himself to an elderly woman, who then becomes young. Those two characters sing the duet "Pa... pa... pa..." after Papageno tries to hang himself. Pamina is given a dagger to kill Sarastro by her mother, the Queen of the Night in the aria Der Hölle Rache. For 10 points, name this work in which Prince Tamino receives the title instrument, the last opera by Mozart.

The Magic Flute

One of these instruments is played by Tamino to change sorrow into joy while he tries to save Pamina from Sarastro. In an opera named for one of these instruments, "Der Holle Rache" is sung by the (*)) Queen of the Night. For ten points, name this woodwind instrument, the Magic subject of a Mozart opera, whose smaller relatives include the piccolo.

The Magic Flute

The aria "Dies Bildnis" is sung by this opera's protagonist after he is shown a portrait by three women who had earlier saved him from a giant serpent. Another aria in this work requires the singer to hit a high F6. The protagonist of this work is accompanied by the bird-catcher Papageno and confronts Sarastro, who forces the duo to undergo several tests in order to save Pamina, whose mother is the (*)) Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart opera in which Tamino receives the titular enchanted instrument.

The Magic Flute

The uniting of one couple in this opera leads to stuttering in the duet "Pa, pa, pa." In this opera's aria "O zittre nicht," Pamina is pledged to be wed to one character if she can be saved from Sarastro, while another aria, "Der Hölle Rache," contains four (*)) high F notes. Those arias are both sung by the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera in which Tamino is given the title musical instrument.

The Magic Flute

This opera contains a choral recitation of the hymn "Oh God, look down from heaven." In this opera, three ladies padlock the mouth of a bird catcher who is later given a set of bells that are used before the "Stutter Duet." In this work, the priest (*) Sarastro requires a prince to complete several trials, and one soprano must hit several high F's in the aria "Der Holle Rache". This opera centers on a quest to rescue Pamina whose power-seeking mother is the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this Wolfgang Mozart singspiel opera that sees Tamino play the title enchanted instrument.

The Magic Flute

This opera includes an aria with several Fs so high that they are often nicknamed for that aria. The finale of this opera includes a chorale prelude on "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein." At the beginning of this opera, three women save its protagonist from a serpent. This opera includes a lengthy solo forglockenspiel or celesta in an aria in which a bird catcher wishes for a "maiden or a little wife." Pamina is instructed to kill Sarastro in this opera's aria "Der Hölle Rache" ["dehr HUHR-luh RAH-khuh"]. That aria is one of two sung by the Queen of the Night in this opera. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera in which Tamino and Papa geno are saved from fire and water by the title instrument.

The Magic Flute

Upon being shown a picture, one character in this work falls in love and sings the aria "This likeness is enchantingly lovely." This work composed for the troupe of Emanuel Schikaneder begins with three ladies killing a serpent to save the protagonist. This work sees the moor Monostatos reprimanded by Sarastro for lusting after the protagonist's love. A padlock is placed over the mouth of the bird-catcher Papageno, while Pamina temporarily loses faith in Tamino after a trial of silence. For 10 points, name this opera in which the evil Queen of the Night is defeated that also sees Tamino play the titular instrument, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

The Magic Flute

An enraged man in this opera threatens his employer in the aria "Se vuol ballare" and sketches out a hard military life in "Non piu andrai." In this opera, "Dove sono" is sung by a woman who gives a ribbon to her god-son, the page; that page jumps out of a window and dresses as a flower girl. In this opera, which includes the wedding of the title character's parents, Bartolo and (*)) Marcellina, the Countess tries to stop her husband from exerting his droit de seigneur on her maid and resists Cherubino's blandishments. For 10 points, name this opera about the "crazy day" of Susanna's wedding to the title manservant by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

The Marriage of Figaro

At the end of Act II of this opera, a duet gradually turns into a tutti septet as singers come onstage one-by-one. This opera's presto overture, often performed independently, is in sonata form but has no slow movement. A soldier is warned that he can't sleep around anymore in this opera's bass aria "Non piu andrai", which is addressed to (*) Cherubino. In its final act, the Countess swaps clothes with Susanna. Like an earlier work, this opera in Italian is based on a play by Beaumarchais [bow-mar-SHAY], but this time, Count Almaviva is a villain. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera, a sequel to The Barber of Seville, which ends in a wedding.

The Marriage of Figaro

In an aria from this opera, a character tells some women to "see if I have [love] in my heart." A lawyer in this opera plans to force a character to marry his client in the aria "La vendetta," but finds out in a sextet that he and his client Marcellina are the title character's parents. Two characters in this opera measure the dimensions of a bed, and another hides in a closet before breaking (*) flowerpots owned by Antonio. That character, Cherubino, is the cousin of the soon-to-be-married Susanna. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about Count Almaviva's advances toward the fiancé of the title Sevillian barber before their wedding.

The Marriage of Figaro

In bar 5 of an aria from an opera with this name in the title, three rising C major broken inverted triads in a dotted rhythm mimic a bugle or march. This name is sung in the middle of an aria that opens with a long C, repeats the short notes D B C three times, then falls from high E to low E. The overture of an opera titled for this name opens in D major with soft scurrying by unison strings and bassoons. The orchestra rests as this name quickly (*) repeats 9 times on the notes E D C in a baritone's entrance aria announcing "make way." This intrepid character from a Beaumarchais ("bo-mar-SHAY") trilogy sings "Non più andrai" ("known pyoo on-DRY") in Mozart's first Da Ponte opera. This character helps Almaviva woo Rosina and sings "Largo al factotum" in Rossini's Barber of Seville. For 10 points, name this protagonist of a Mozart comic opera about his "Marriage."

The Marriage of Figaro

In his Reminiscences, the Irish tenor Michael Kelly described fighting the composer of this opera for the right to stutter when performing his role. This opera includes a B-flat major excerpt for oboe, bassoon, and strings in which two sopranos trade lines until both sing "certo, certo il capira" in unison. A character from this opera threatens to "play the guitar for you" if "you want to dance" in its aria (*)) "Se vuol ballare." A trouser role in this opera abandons the chair he was hiding behind when the antagonist arrives with the music teacher Basilio, and is mockingly advised to lay off women in the aria "Non piu andrai." A woman in this opera resists the advances of Cherubino and tries to stop her husband from seducing his maid Susanna. For 10 points, name this opera about the wedding day of the servant from The Barber of Seville, by Mozart.

The Marriage of Figaro

In one scene of this opera, a man tells of how he found his page with a girl under the kitchen table; while saying this, he lifts a dress from a chair and finds his page. In a later scene, that page jumps out of a window and breaks Antonio's flowerpots. This opera begins with the title character measuring space for a bed and singing "Cinque, dieci, venti." A lawyer in this work vows to exact revenge on a man who caused him to lose his beloved in the aria, (*)) "La Vendetta"; his plan involves forcing the marriage of Marcellina on the title character, despite his engagement to Susanna. This was the first of its composer's operas to have a libretto written by Lorenzo Da Ponte, and this opera continues the story of Count Almaviva. For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart based on a play by Beaumarchais.

The Marriage of Figaro

In this opera, the only aria in a minor key is Barbarina's "L'ho perduta." In the duet "Cinque-dieci-venti-trenta," two characters in this opera measure the dimensions of a bed. The music teacher Basilio mocks a man in this opera who plans to run off to the military before being chastised in the aria "Non Più Andrai." This opera features the antics of a page named (*) Cherubino and is based on a sequel to Pierre Beaumarchais's play The Barber of Seville. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera featuring Susanna, Rosina, and Count Almaviva, which is set during the preparations for a wedding.

The Marriage of Figaro

One character in this opera jumps out a window and another hides in a closet after singing the duet "Aprite, presto, aprite". One character in this opera sings about his love for his "beautiful godmother" in the aria "Non so piu cosa son." After being caught under a table with Barberina, that character is condemned to military service, an event mocked in the aria (*)) "Non più andrai." The title character sings "Se vuol ballare" and gets a contract nulled after it is discovered that he is Marcellina's long-lost son. Cherubino is disguised to foil the plot of a nobleman who wishes to exercise his "droit duseigneur" [DWOT DOO say-NYUHR] in, for 10 points, what opera about the title husband of Susanna and servant of Count Almaviva, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?

The Marriage of Figaro

One character in this opera sings "Non più andrai" in response to a servant being dispatched to military service. In the cavatina "Se vuol ballare" in this opera, one character plots to outwit a man who he believes to be courting his fiancée. A page in this opera hides inside a closet, and he later breaks Antonio's flowerpots by (*) jumping out of a window. In this opera, Marcellina sings "La vendetta," and Cherubino serenades Countess Rosina while disguised as a girl. Susanna and the title character of this opera prepare for their wedding in Count Almaviva's castle. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera that chronologically follows The Barber of Seville.

The Marriage of Figaro

One character in this opera sings about his many loves in the aria "Non so più cosa son, cosa faccio" and jumps out of a window after hiding in a closet. That character also sings the aria "Voi che sapete." A pin conveying a secret meeting is lost by Barbarina at the beginning of Act Four. In Act Three, a contract is nullified after it is revealed the title character is the son of Marcellina and Bartolo. In this opera, both the page Cherubino and the Countess Rosina dress up as Susanna, whom Count Almaviva attempts to woo. Susanna is the bride of the title character who, in another work, serves as the Barber of Seville. For 10 points, name this opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

The Marriage of Figaro

One character in this opera vows to help Marcellina enforce punishment for a defaulted loan in "La vendetta", and while measuring the space for his bridal bed, the title character of this opera sings the duet "Cinque, dieci, venti, trenta" with his fiancée. This opera was the first of three collaborations with the librettist Lorenzo Da Ponte, and sees the music teacher Basilio spread rumors about (*) Cherubino's affections for Countess Rosina, who disguises herself as Susanna to fool her husband. Count Almaviva's amorous intents are the subject of, for ten points, what Mozart opera, which takes place after the events of Rossini's The Barber of Seville?

The Marriage of Figaro

The so-called "Islamic Wing" of this institution was designed by Kevin Roche, the architect who has been responsible for all its expansions, and who created a new master plan for it in the 1970s. After Calvert Vaux's design for this building was criticized in 1871, a Beaux Arts-style grand stairway and facade designed by Richard Morris Hunt was installed near the end of the 19th century. A part of this institution in Fort Tryon Park devoted to subjects from the Middle Ages is called The (*) Cloisters. This institution's main collection, which includes David's (dah-VEED's) The Death of Socrates and Winslow Homer's The Gulf Stream, is in a set of buildings on Fifth Avenue, between 81st and 84th streets. For 10 points, name this largest art museum in New York City.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art

In one song in this work, Bach's "Great" Fugue in G minor is quoted to describe his music being interwoven with that of Spohr and Beethoven. One trio in this work contemplates sitting in "solemn silence" in a "dull, dark dock", awaiting the sensation of a "short, sharp shock". In the song "As Some Day It May Happen", one character in this work rattles off his "little list" of people he will dispose of as Lord High Executioner. Peep-Bo and Pitti-Sing are two of the "Three Little Maids from School" who accompany a character who is wooed by a character who has disguised himself as a wandering minstrel and is trying to steal her away from Ko-Ko. For 10 points, Yum-Yum is wooed by Nanki-Poo, the disguised son of the title emperor of Japan, in what operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan?

The Mikado

In this opera, two characters decide to marry in a song beginning, "there is beauty in the belly of the beast." Katisha falls in love with a man who tells of a bird that sang, "willow, titwillow, titwillow," in this opera that also describes how "a cheap and chippy chopper on a big black block" is to be used to deliver the "sensation of a short, sharp (*)) shock" at the hand of an ex-tailor who has a "little list." The song "Three Little Maids from school" introduces the lover of the protagonist, whose father made flirting a capital crime. This opera is set in Titipu, where Pooh-bah holds all titles except the one held by Ko-Ko, Lord High Executioner. This opera ends with Yum-Yum's marriage to Nanki-poo. For 10 points, name this Gilbert and Sullivan opera about a town ruled by the title Emperor of Japan.

The Mikado

One character in this work informs another that her right elbow "is on view Tuesdays and Fridays, on presentation of visiting card". Another of its characters asserts that "I mean to rule the earth / as he the sky" and describes the "ever-living glory" of the title figure in the song "The sun whose rays are all ablaze". An earlier song from this work, "I am so proud", contains the first use of the phrase "a short, sharp shock". The first act of this work also contains the songs "Three little maids from school are we" and "As some day it may happen", the latter of which contains the "little list" of undesirables collected by Ko-ko, the Lord High Executioner. This work features the memorable Pooh-bah, the "Lord High Everything Else", and ends with the marriage of Yum-Yum and Nanki-Poo. For 10 points, identify this Gilbert and Sullivan opera set in Japan.

The Mikado

A reproduction of this painting is visible in the upper right corner of Preparing for the Matinee by Edmund C. Tarbell. An object in this painting is patterned with seahorses and has an inscription describing "a companion in pleasure and a balm in sorrow." Tim Jenison models this painting in Lightwave, then attempts to recreate it exactly in a 2013 documentary. An image partly visible in this painting depicts Pero breastfeeding her starving father Cimon. In the foreground of this painting, a jug sits on a table covered with a large Turkish carpet. The leg of an easel is visible in the (*)) mirror hanging above the central object of this painting, which a man in a black shirt and white collar leans on. A viola da gamba lies on the ground behind a woman in this painting, who is seated with her back to the viewer in front of a virginal. For 10 points, name this painting by Johannes Vermeer in which a female pupil receives instruction from a music teacher.

The Music Lesson

The attribution of this painting in the British Royal Collection was corrected by Theophile Thore, who nearly singlehandedly reintroduced its artist. Inspired by David Hockney's camera obscura thesis, Tim Jenison attempted to duplicate this painting in a 2013 film. The brightest object on the right side of this painting is a white porcelain pitcher on an elaborately draped table. The downward-slanted mirror in this painting reflects the tiled marble floor as well as a young girl in yellow, who is being supervised by a man carrying a stick. A tenor viol lies unused on the floor of this painting, whose title event takes place at the virginal. For 10 points, name this painting by Vermeer depicting a girl learning an instrument.

The Music Lesson

In this musical, an example of counting in "The Indian Tongue" is interrupted by a firecracker set by Tommy Djilas. Teenagers in this musical interrupt a rehearsal for a contemplation on the Grecian Urn in order to sing "Shipoopi." The Wells Fargo wagon arrives at the end of Act I in this musical, whose main character is being tracked down by the anvil salesman Charlie Cowell. This musical ends with a band poorly playing Beethoven's Minuet in G, with the young (*) Winthrop playing the cornet. The song "Seventy-Six Trombones" comes from, for 10 points, what musical about Harold Hill, a con artist who starts a kid's band in River City, Iowa?

The Music Man

A drummer on the right of this painting has been partially cut off due to alterations that removed two figures on the left. A shield hanging over an arched gateway in the background bears the name of the eighteen people who commissioned this painting. A man in red on the left of this painting is shown reloading his(*) rifle in front of an illuminated girl in a yellow dress carrying a chicken. The girl stares at this painting's main figure, who wears black clothing and a red sash across his chest. For 10 points, name this painting by Rembrandt that depicts the militia of Captain Franz Banning Cocq.

The Night Watch

A young child on the left side of this painting holds a horn, and a dog barks at a man beating a brown drum on the opposite end. In this painting, a musketeer dressed in red stands in front of a man who hoists a large blue and yellow flag. A chicken dangles from the belt of a young girl whose (*) golden dress is illuminated near the lower left of this work. In its center, a man wearing a red sash gestures at a lieutenant wearing a white sash. For ten points, identify this painting by Rembrandt van Rijn that depicts the militia of Frans Banning Cocq.

The Night Watch

The artist painted himself in this work with a beret peeking over a helmeted man. A shield in this work with 18 names does not include a musician who appears on the painting's right side. In this work, a man with a top hat holds an extremely long (*) rifle that extends into a hole above a yellow-and-blue flag. An illuminated child holding a drinking horn and a dead chicken on a belt in this work is dressed in all gold. In this painting, the lieutenant Willem van Ruytenburch ("RYE-ten-birch") stands beside a man in a red sash, who is the leader of a company. For 10 points, name this 1642 painting of a group of soldiers led by Frans Banning Cocq, a work by Rembrandt van Rijn.

The Night Watch

The background structure in this painting may be a triumphal arch erected for Marie de Medici. The center of this painting depicts a man holding both of his gloves in his right hand; that man later commissioned a watercolor copy of this painting that showed its original dimensions. The names of the commissioners of this painting are printed on a shield in its background. This 15-foot-wide painting made for the Kloveniersdoelen (KLO-vuh-NEERS-DOO-luh) was created while the artist's wife (*) Saskia was dying. A man in a red suit loads his musket next to a dwarf on the right of this canvas. The ensign holds an orange and blue striped flag and stands above a brightly lit young girl in this painting. At its center is Captain Frans Banning Cocq (coke). For 10 points, name this Rembrandt painting of a militia company.

The Night Watch

The hand of the central figure of this painting casts a shadow upon the yellow jacket of the figure immediately to the right of the central figure. This painting includes a cut-off drum on the far right and a figure holding a yellow and blue flag. Light shines particularly strongly upon a little girl standing next to man in red holding a rifle on the left side of this work. The central figure of this painting, who wears a black hat and red sash, is Franz Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this group portrait by Rembrandt whose name references the darkness of the canvas.

The Night Watch

This painting depicts a shield on an arch bearing the name of the eighteen men who commissioned it, and it features a man waving a gold and blue flag. A banister in this painting was hidden when its edges were trimmed in 1715, and dog barks at a [*] drummer at the lower right. One of the two central figures of this painting is dressed in bright yellow, matching the girl with the chicken in her belt; the other is in black with a white collar and a red sash across his chest. After restoration, it was revealed that this painting did not actually depict an evening scene. For 10 points, name this painting showing some Dutch militia men by Rembrandt.

The Night Watch

This painting's lighting was altered by a coating with a dark varnish that was only removed in the 1940s, when it was rolled up and stored during World War II. This painting was cut down in order to fit between two columns, resulting in the drum of the drummer on the right being cut off. A dead chicken hangs from the belt of a (*) little girl in a dress this painting. The bright yellow clothes of the man at this painting's center contrast with the dark dress of the men bearing arquebuses, pikes, and other arms around him. For 10 points, name this depiction of a militia by Rembrandt.

The Night Watch

A recreation of this painting shows a dead tree split into six parts and a large fish being pelted with bullet-like projections to the right. That work, which is dominated by several floating bricks, is the "Disintegration" of this painting. A central figure in this painting may have been a self-portrait, and its artist claimed that it was inspired by a piece of Camembert cheese (*) melting in the sun. Golden cliffs in the background of this painting are reflected in the water, and a grotesque, human-like figure lies in the center. This painting shows several ants swarming over a red object to the left, and three melting clocks are draped across its landscape. For ten points, name this surrealist work of Salvador Dali.

The Persistence of Memory

A tiny ovoid object rests beside a large mountain rising out of still waters in the background of this painting, whose foreground contains a dying tree branch, a bee, and a bunch of ants, all sitting on a wooden table. Lying on the ground next to that table is a strange dream-creature, and its artist went on to paint a 'Disintegration' of this painting. Also containing a bunch of melting clocks, for 10 points, name this surrealist masterpiece by Salvador Dali.

The Persistence of Memory

In a recreation of this painting, a body of water containing a single fish overwhelms the landscape amidst many three-dimensional rectangles. An image in the middle of this painting is actually a distorted profile of the artist's face and appears to have eyelashes and a nose. That image lies below the top right yellow cliffs of the Catalonian coast of this painting. Unlike the "Disintegration" version of this painting, a branch and a congregation of ants dominate the left side. This painting's artist depicted three of its odd objects as a representation of Einstein's theory of relativity. For 10 points, name this painting of three melting clocks by Salvador Dali.

The Persistence of Memory

In a sequel to this painting, several dozen bricks form an orderly three-dimensional pattern. It was also recreated as the sculpture Profile of Time, in addition to that follow-up painting, which showed its "disintegration." This painting originally was inspired by a piece of Camembert cheese left in the sun. A self-representation of the artist emerges from the ground in the middle of the painting, while ants swarm over an object on the left. In the background are quite normal cliffs, in contrast to the three melting watches in, for 10 points, what work of Salvador Dali?

The Persistence of Memory

On the right side of this painting, a large gray rectangle is cut off by the edge of the canvas. In the back of the painting, a body of water is seen; to the right of that water, the Cliffs of Cadaques ("kuh- DACK") are yellow. Its center depicts a white "monster," and another object in this painting is upside down and covered in ants. For 10 points, name this painting that features melting clocks, a work by Salvador Dali.

The Persistence of Memory

The background of this painting shows a floating platform in front of Catalonian cliffs. A dead tree projects from a larger platform in the near left of this painting, and a face-down object in the lower left corner swarms with ants. A monstrous (*)) face, a self-portrait of the artist, spans the middle of this painting, and is draped with an unusual timepiece. Featuring soft clocks, for 10 points, name this painting by Salvador Dali.

The Persistence of Memory

The landscape in this painting's background was inspired by the Cap de Creus peninsula in Catalonia. The artist of this painting created a similar one in which the floor is entirely made out of bricks known as the (*) Disintegration of [this painting]. A "creature" which resembles a human face can be seen in the center of this painting, while ants crawl on an orange pocket watch in its bottom-left corner. For 10 points, name this Salvador Dali painting which shows three deformed clocks.

The Persistence of Memory

As children, one of the characters from this novel had swum out to sea to rescue the scarf belonging to another character. One of its aristocratic characters is Philippe de Chagny, who disapproves of his brother's interest in the female lead and ends up drowning in a lake. The title character of this work imitates a Poe story by dressing as the (*)) "Red Death" for a masked ball. In it, Moncharmin and Richard take over as managers and immediately anger the title character by violating his rule about Box Number Five. The backstory of this work is explained by a man called "The Persian," who explains to Raoul that the title character was born as a hideous child named Erik. For 10 points, name this Gaston Leroux novel about the singer Christine and the ghostly man obsessed with her.

The Phantom of the Opera

Most information about this character's past is presented by the Daroga. This character who sets free "The Persian" features in a Gaston Leroux novel. This character sings "Stranger Than You Dreamt It" after violently frightening away his romantic interest. This character also sings that he is the "Angel of Music" after making the (*) "Music of the Night." This character falls in love with Christine Daaé ("DAH-ay") and is the lead character in a musical featuring a crashing chandelier. For 10 points, name this title character of a 1986 Andrew Lloyd Webber musical about a disfigured man in a mask.

The Phantom of the Opera

The main theme of this musical begins with a sustained D minor chord that descends chromatically to a B-flat major triad. Another song in this musical commands "turn your face away from the garish light of day." In this musical, Carlotta complains about having to sing in the dissonant opera (*) Don Juan Triumphant. The title character of this musical sings "The Music of the Night" and "Angel of Music" in his attempts to woo the reluctant Christine Daaé (DAH-ay). This musical is based on a novel by Gaston Leroux (luh-ROO). For 10 points, name this Andrew Lloyd Webber musical about a villain in the Paris opera house.

The Phantom of the Opera

This show contains the line "Never was such opportunity to get married with impunity" in the song "Pray observe the magnanimity". The women being sung about are Mabel, Edith, Kate, and Isabel, the daughters of Stanley. Earlier in the first act of this show, Mabel sings "Poor wandering one" to Frederic, who has been raised incorrectly by Ruth, a maid who was supposed to apprentice Frederic to a ship's pilot. Instead, Frederic is instructed by a group known for its pity towards orphans. The best-known song from this work, in which Stanley brags of his "information vegetable, animal, and mineral," is "The Major-General's Song". Name this comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan.

The Pirate of Penzance

In one scene in this work, two lovers sing a love duet in B major in 3/4 time, at the same time as a female chorus pretends to chat about the weather in 2/4 time. One character in this work sings "I am telling a terrible story" after lying about being an orphan, and another character is indentured until his 21st birthday, but is unfortunately born on February 29th in a leap year. In the song "Poor Wand'ring One", Mabel takes pity on the apprentice Frederic, the work's protagonist. One character in this work claims to know "information vegetable, animal, and mineral" in a patter song in which he declares himself to the be "the very model of a modern Major-General". For 10 points, name this comic opera by Gilbert & Sullivan about the title band of seafaring bandits.

The Pirates of Penzance

One character in this opera frightens a group of policemen led by the Sergeant by singing "Go, ye heroes, and die!" After being challenged in the name of Queen Victoria, a group in this work decides not to kill the Major-General, whose daughter Mabel is spotted on a beach by this opera's protagonist. Because Ruth misheard the word "pilot," the protagonist of this work is forced into an occupation until his twenty-first birthday, but his release from that position is cut short once it is revealed that he was born on a leap day. For 10 points, name this opera in which Frederic works for the titular band of ship raiders, by Gilbert and Sullivan.

The Pirates of Penzance

One character in this work has only seen one woman, Ruth, and sings "You have deceived me!" when he discovers she is not really beautiful. A crucial plot point involves the protagonist realizing that he was born on February 29, he must serve the title group for many more years. One character in this work is the father of Mabel and says he is teeming with "a lot o'news" about the binomial theorem and has "many cheerful facts about the square of the hypotenuse." The most famous scene has a character boasting that he has "information vegetable, animal, and mineral" and that he is "the very model of a modern Major-General." For 10 points, name this comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan in which Frederic serves with the rather gentlemanly title group of buccaneers.

The Pirates of Penzance

One character in this work praises her "family descent" before lamenting that "A crisis, now, affairs are coming to!" This occurs after that character learns that her lover will not return to her until 1940 due to an unfortunate loophole in an apprenticeship contract. A recurring group of characters in this work sings "tarantara," but their rivals approach "with catlike tread." This work ends with a revelation that the title criminals are "all noblemen who have gone wrong," which allows Frederic to marry Mabel. For 10 points, name this opera which features a character who claims to be "the very model of a modern Major-General," composed by Gilbert and Sullivan.

The Pirates of Penzance

Several characters in this opera, upon being questioned about an expedition to death and glory, declare, "that is not a pleasant way of putting it!" Those characters in this opera lament their choice of profession because the "capacity for innocent enjoyment" of most criminals is "just the same as any honest man's." A "fly's foot-fall would be distinctly heard" in this opera's (*)) loudest musical number, which takes place as some men advance "with cat-like tread." The target of that burglary in this opera falsely claimed to be an orphan after delivering a rapid-fire song about how he is the very model of a modern Major-General. For 10 points, name this comic opera about some seafaring lawbreakers by Gilbert and Sullivan.

The Pirates of Penzance

The main character of this opera gains his indenture after his nursemaid Ruth mishears instructions to train the boy to be a pilot. That character, Frederic, falls in love with Mabel, but soon finds out that his indenture is not over at his 21st birthday because he was (*) born on a leap day. In this musical's most famous song, one character professes his knowledge in all "matters vegetable, animal, and mineral." "I am the Very Model of a Modern Major General" is sung in- for ten points- this Gilbert and Sullivan operetta about a crew of soft-hearted buccaneers.

The Pirates of Penzance

After flattering someone, one character in this musical says, "Oh, how clumsy of me. I meant to accuse you." Before getting caught in a rainstorm, another character in this musical exclaims, "Bachelor dandies, drinkers of brandies -- what do I know of those?" Suggested words to describe one character in this musical include (*) "flibbertigibbet" and "will o' the wisp." Later, that character teaches with Solfege syllables, urging, "When you know the notes to sing, you can sing most anything!" and says "raindrops on roses and whiskers on kittens" are "a few of [her] favorite things." Set during the Anschluss, for 10 points, name this musical about Maria and the von Trapp family.

The Sound of Music

In this musical, Elsa's fiancée realizes her political apathy and breaks off their engagement after the song "No Way to Stop It." The composer of this musical wrote the songs "I Have Confidence" and "Something Good" for its film adaptation. During a thunderstorm, the main character sings of "brown paper packages tied up with strings" in a song that John Coltrane riffed on in a 1961 album. Christopher Plummer and Julie Andrews star in the film adaptation of this musical, which features the song "My Favorite Things." For 10 points, name this Rodgers and Hammerstein musical in which the governess Maria teaches Captain von Trapp's children to sing.

The Sound of Music

This architect is the namesake of the widely adopted cylindrical metal door handles he designed for his most famous building. With Samuel Glaser, he designed the twin towers that make up the JFK Federal Building in Boston. He designed an outdoor spiral staircase for his personal residence in Lincoln, Massachusetts. This architect and Pietro Belluschi consulted with Emery and Roth on the Pan Am building in New York City. His firm The Architects Collaborative designed a new campus for the University of Baghdad in the 1950s. The glass surfaces between piers in Peter Behrens' design for the AEG Turbine Factory influenced his design for the Fagus Shoe Factory and a school he built in Dessau. For 10 points, name this German architect who led the Bauhaus.

Walter Gropius

This man designed a series of interconnected cubical blocs that were offset from each other for Toerten low-income housing estate, where he emphasized natural lightning, along with the Dammerstock complex. The AEG Turbine building provided the inspiration for this man's glass-enclosed open spaces of the Fagus Shoe Factory and he worked with Maxwell Fry to design an adult education center for the Impington Village School. In addition to designing Baghdad University and the US Embassy in Athens, he worked with the Architects Collective firm and often partnered with Adolf Meyer on his projects. For 10 points, identify this man who designed a structure that has a series of connected blocs in Dessau for a school of design which he served as president of in the 1920s, known as the Bauhaus.

Walter Gropius

This man led the group that designed Baghdad University, known as The Architects' Collaborative. A glass corridor connects the two 26-floor towers of Boston's John F. Kennedy Federal Building, another of his designs. Pericles Sakellarios worked with him to build the American Embassy in Athens, but this man is more famous for collaborating with Pietro Belluschi on a New York City (*)) skyscraper that sits next to Grand Central Terminal and for working with Adolf Meyer on the Fagus Factory. This architect of the Metlife building is started an architectural tradition that was followed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and headed in Weimar, Germany. For 10 points, identify this architect who founded the Bauhaus school.

Walter Gropius

While in London, this architect worked with Maxwell Fry, and his first major work was a building with metal spandrels called the Fagus Factory. His works together with the Architects Collaborative include the U.S. Embassy in Athens, and part of the University of of Baghdad. His work in Dessau was showcased as examples of the International Style, and in 1918, he became director of the Weimar School of Art, but reorganized it with a different name. Also known for creating flat-roof canopies for the Harvard Graduate Center, for 10 points, identify this architect who founded the Bauhaus.

Walter Gropius

A film version of this stage work includes posters of political candidate Al Wood in many shots. According to Joseph Swain, this musical's score is unusually dominated by tritones and by rhythmic hemiolas, such as an Act I dance in fast 6/8 time whose rhythm alternates six eighth notes and three quarter notes. A minor seventh leap begins an offstage vocal solo in this musical promising "Peace and quiet and open air." Near its end, the tomboyish Anybodys helps harass a woman in Doc's shop, whose lies make the male protagonist seek out (*)) Chino. This show's dream ballet "Somewhere" includes two characters who died the day before in a "rumble." Jerome Robbins' choreography for this show includes many finger snaps for Riff and Bernardo's followers. For 10 points, the songs "America" and "I Feel Pretty" appear in what musical tragedy by Leonard Bernstein, which adapts Romeo and Juliet to warring street gangs?

West Side Story

During the second act of this work, several characters make fun of Officer Krupke while naming Action their leader. One song from this work is sung to Rosalia and Consuelo shortly after Bernardo is killed at the end of act I. Anita sings about Puerto Rico in this musical's song "América," while a profession of love between Tony and Maria is made in "Tonight." For 10 points, name this work that features "I Feel Pretty," a musical about the rivalry between the Sharks and the Jets by Bernstein and Sondheim.

West Side Story

One character in this musical decries a place where the hurricanes are blowing and the population's growing; she is supported by the chorus' preference for a land where everything's "free...for a small fee." A girl in this musical says that she "hardly can believe [she's] real" while admiring her "so charming it's alarming" self in a bridal shop. That character participates in the duet (*)) "Tonight" after singing "I Feel Pretty," and loves a boy who declares, "I've just met a girl named Maria!" Jerome Robbins choreographed a finger-snapping dance-off to open this musical about the Jets and the Sharks. For 10 points, name this musical by Leonard Bernstein which retells Romeo and Juliet in New York City.

West Side Story

One song in this work claims, "There's a place for us, a time and place for us. Hold my hand and we're halfway there" after discussing how they will "find a new way of living...a new way of forgiving" in the song's title location. Another song in this work contains the lines, "Take it slow and Daddy-O, you can live it up and die in bed", which is sung by a character who is later killed in a knife fight after the protagonist of this work holds him back, and that protagonist would later avenge his murder by killing the lover of Anita. For 10 points-name this work, featuring the songs "Cool" and "Somewhere", in which Riff is killed in a knife fight by Bernardo and is avenged when Chino shoots Tony, a musical by Leonard Bernstein.

West Side Story

This musical begins with someone whistling the notes G, C, F-sharp, forming a dissonant tritone motif that is used throughout. A song in this musical claims that "suddenly that name / will never be the same / to me," and is performed after "Mambo!" is sung at a dance. In this musical, a dance-fighting scene choreographed by Jerome Robbins ends when Officer (*) Krupke arrives. At the end of this musical, Tony dies in Maria's arms after being shot by a Puerto Rican gang member. For 10 points, name this Leonard Bernstein musical that retells Romeo and Juliet as a gang war between the Sharks and the Jets in New York City.

West Side Story

This musical uses a motif of an ascending [read slowly] D-flat-G-A-flat sung after an encounter at a gym. In a song from this musical, people imitate a policeman and judge, ending with an exclamation to "Krup you!" The composer adapted a suite of "symphonic dances" from it, and one of its songs alternates between 6/8 and 3/4 time as characters argue about whether America or (*) Puerto Rico is better. After a "Rumble," Bernardo is killed by a character in this musical who is later killed by a member of the Sharks. For 10 points, name this musical about Tony and Maria, an adaptation of Romeo and Juliet by Stephen Sondheim and Leonard Bernstein.

West Side Story

This work includes the vow "death won't part us now," while another song from this work notes that "Miss America can just resign;" those Stephen Sondheim-written lyrics, from "One Hand, One Heart" and (*)) "I Feel Pretty," are sung by the friend of Anita and sister of Bernardo, Maria. Leonard Bernstein wrote the music for, for 10 points, what musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet set in the midst of a gang war between the Jets and Sharks?

West Side Story

This work's first act ends with a searchlight sweeping the stage, which holds two corpses. During a ballet in this work's second act, an off-stage soprano sings the melody that will be reprised as this work's finale, which begins "There's a place for us / A time and place for us". One character in this work describes herself as (*)) "stunning" and "entrancing" and feeling "like running and dancing for joy "in "I Feel Pretty", before being informed of her brother Bernardo's death in a knife-fight with Riff. The title girl's name is described as "All the most beautiful sounds in the world in a single word" by Tony in the song "Maria". For 10 points, name this musical featuring the rival gangs, the Sharks and the Jets, by Stephen Sondheim and Leonard Bernstein.

West Side Story

In this opera, Arnold sings the aria, "Asile hereditaire" after looking at his old home and reminiscing of his father, who was killed by Austrians. This opera's French libretto was written by Etienne de Jouy and Hippolyte Bis, and the son of its protagonist sets his house on fire as a signal to begin a revolt. This opera's overture contains a ranz de vaches and a storm section, but is best known for the (*) brass fanfare in its finale. The protagonist of this work is captured by the Austrian governor Gessler after refusing to bow to a hat, and that character later tells Jemmy, "Sois immobile", or "Be still". For ten points, name this Giacomo Rossini opera about a Swiss hero who shoots an apple off his son's head.

William Tell

In this opera, the fisherman Ruodi refuses to take Leuthold on his boat due to the powerful current of the water. Later in this work, Mathilde sings "Sombre foret" to express her love for Arnold, who vows revenge for the murder of his father, Melchthal. One character in this opera tells Jemmy "Sois immobile." The Austrian governor (*) Gesler expresses great desire to dump the title character in Lake Lucerne, but he later dies as that character shouts, "Let Switzerland breathe!" For ten points, name this opera by Rossini, which is based on a play by Schiller in which the title character shoots an apple on his son's head.

William Tell

One character in this opera reflects on his childhood after looking at the ruins of his house in the aria Asile hereditaire. That character Arnold falls in love with the Princess Mathilde. The overture to this work features the Ranz des Vaches, and the protagonist is captured by Gessler after refusing to bow to a hat. This opera is famed for the cavalry charge from its overture and the hero sings Sois immobile telling his son to be still. For 10 points, name this Rossini work about a Swiss hero who is forced to shoot an apple off of his son's head.

William Tell

This figure's main feat is the best-known version of a trope that was also accomplished in Danish legend by Palnatoki; some mythographers consider both of those figures to be reflections of the god Ullr. The account of this figure given by Aegidius Tschudi ("CHOO-dee") was used by a playwright who recast this figure as central to a vow taken in a meadow known as the Oath of the Rütli. This man refused to place his (*) hat on a pole in a show of disrespect for a local bailiff. After escaping prison, this man hid in a ravine with a second piece of ammunition that he had saved, and used it to kill Alfred Gessler. In his most famous feat, this man used a crossbow to shoot an apple on his son's head. For 10 points, name this Swiss folk hero who titles an opera by Gioachino Rossini.

William Tell

This opera's overture is structured like a four-movement symphony, with its first section marked "Prelude: Dawn." At the beginning of this opera, Arnold refuses to participate in the Shepherd Festival, due to his longing for Mathilde. The main character of this opera directs his son to think of his mother in the aria "Sois immobile." An english horn and flute exchange peaceful passages in the ranz des vaches in this opera's (*) overture, which ends with a section marked "March of the Swiss Soldiers." An archer shoots an apple off of his son's head in, for 10 points, what opera by Gioacchino Rossini?

William Tell