Vocabulary Workshop Level D Unit 7 8 & 9

surly

(adj.) angry and bad-tempered; rude

grievous

(adj.) causing sorrow or pain; serious SYNONYMS: painful, heartrending, onerous, flagrant ANTONYMS: joyful, uplifting, cheery, upbeat, comforting

heterogeneous

(adj.) composed of different kinds, diverse SYNONYMS: miscellaneous, mixed, variegated ANTONYMS: uniform, homogeneous, of a piece

perilous

(adj.) dangerous

incredulous

(adj.) disbelieving, skeptical SYNONYMS: mistrustful, doubting ANTONYMS: believing, trustful

bogus

(adj.) false, counterfeit

candid

(adj.) frank, sincere; impartial; unposed SYNONYMS: forthright, plainspoken, unbiased ANTONYMS: insincere, evasive, misleading, artful

rabid

(adj.) furious, violently intense, unreasonably extreme; mad; infected with rabies SYNONYMS: zealous, raving, infuriated, berserk ANTONYMS: moderate, restrained, blasé, indifferent

sterling

(adj.) genuine, excellent; made of silver of standard fineness SYNONYMS: first-rate, outstanding, worthy, pure ANTONYMS: shoddy, second-rate, sham

auxiliary

(adj.) giving assistance or support; (n.) a helper, aid SYNONYMS: (adj.) additional; (n.) reserve, accessory ANTONYMS: (adj.) main, primary, principal

flippant

(adj.) lacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy SYNONYMS: frivolous, impudent, impertinent, insolent ANTONYMS: serious, respectful, deferential, obsequious

sprightly

(adj.) lively, full of life; spicy, flavorful

sparse

(adj.) meager, scant; scattered SYNONYMS: thin, scanty, few and far between ANTONYMS: plentiful, abundant, profuse, teeming

obstreperous

(adj.) noisy; unruly, disorderly

shoddy

(adj.) of poor quality; characterized by inferior workmanship

repugnant

(adj.) offensive, disagreeable, distasteful SYNONYMS: hateful, odious, revolting, repulsive ANTONYMS: pleasing, attractive, tempting, wholesome

pugnacious

(adj.) quarrelsome, fond of fighting SYNONYMS: combative, belligerent ANTONYMS: peace-loving, friendly, amicable, congenial

preposterous

(adj.) ridiculous, senseless SYNONYMS: nonsensical, absurd, incredible ANTONYMS: sensible, reasonable, realistic, plausible

pensive

(adj.) thoughtful; melancholy

exorbitant

(adj.) unreasonably high; excessive

momentous

(adj.) very important

rasping

(adj.) with a harsh, grating sound; (n.) a harsh sound SYNONYMS: scraping, abrasive, gravelly ANTONYMS: smooth, satiny, silky

adieu

(int.) "Farewell!"; (n.) a farewell

liability

(n.) a debt; something disadvantageous SYNONYMS: difficulty, impediment ANTONYMS: advantage, asset

prognosis

(n.) a forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or situation SYNONYMS: projection

realm

(n.) a kingdom; a region or field of study SYNONYMS: domain, duchy, bailiwick, jurisdiction

metropolis

(n.) a large city; the chief city of an area

tirade

(n.) a long, angry speech, usually very critical

expedient

(n.) a means to an end; (adj.) advantageous, useful SYNONYMS: contrivance, device, serviceable ANTONYMS: inconvenient, untimely, disadvantageous

flair

(n.) a natural quality, talent, or skill; a distinctive style SYNONYMS: bent, knack, gift, style, panache ANTONYMS: inability, incapacity

assurance

(n.) a pledge; freedom from doubt, self-confidence SYNONYMS: promise, sureness, poise, self-possession ANTONYMS: uncertainty, doubt, insecurity

envoy

(n.) a representative or messenger (as of a government) SYNONYMS: ambassador, emissary, minister

venture

(n.) a risky or daring undertaking; (v.) to expose to danger; to dare SYNONYMS: (n.) gamble; (v.) try, chance, undertake ANTONYMS: (v.) withdraw, retire, shrink from, shy away

cubicle

(n.) a small room or compartment SYNONYMS: hole-in-the-wall ANTONYMS: vast hall, auditorium

monologue

(n.) a speech by one actor; a long talk by one person SYNONYMS: soliloquy ANTONYMS: conversation, colloquy

horde

(n.) a vast number (as of people); a throng SYNONYMS: crowd, mass, multitude, host, swarm ANTONYMS: few, handful

advent

(n.) an arrival; a coming into place or view

vagrant

(n.) an idle wanderer, tramp; (adj.) wandering aimlessly

asylum

(n.) an institution for the care of children, elderly people, etc.; a place of safety SYNONYMS: sanatorium, sanctuary, refuge

dross

(n.) refuse, waste products SYNONYMS: rubbish, trash, detritus, dregs, scum

immunity

(n.) resistance to disease; freedom from some charge or obligation SYNONYMS: exemption ANTONYMS: vulnerability, exposure

apex

(n.) the highest point, tip

interim

(n.) the time between; (adj.) temporary, coming between two points in time

impel

(n.) to force, drive forward SYNONYMS: urge, push, spur, propel, incite ANTONYMS: discourage, check, restrain, curb

drudgery

(n.) work that is hard and tiresome SYNONYMS: toil, labor, grind ANTONYMS: play, frolic, amusement, recreation, fun

assimilate

(v.) to absorb fully or make one's own; to adopt as one's own; to adapt fully

console

(v.) to comfort; (n.) the keyboard of an organ; a control panel for an electrical or mechanical device SYNONYMS: (v.) soothe, solace, alleviate ANTONYMS: (v.) distress, aggravate, bother, vex, torment

escalate

(v.) to elevate; to increase in intensity SYNONYMS: raise, ascend, mount ANTONYMS: decrease, lessen, descend, defuse

institute

(v.) to establish, set up; (n.) organization that promotes learning SYNONYMS: (v.) found, bring about; (n.) academy ANTONYMS: (v.) terminate, discontinue, demolish, raze

inundate

(v.) to flood, overflow; to overwhelm by numbers or size

dwindle

(v.) to lessen, diminish SYNONYMS: decrease, shrink, fade, peter out ANTONYMS: increase, enlarge, swell, proliferate

dilate

(v.) to make or become larger or wider; to expand upon SYNONYMS: enlarge, expand, prolong ANTONYMS: compress, constrict

rejuvenate

(v.) to make young again; to make like new SYNONYM: renew ANTONYMS: wear out, exhaust, enervate, debilitate

feign

(v.) to pretend SYNONYMS: fake, sham, affect, simulate

remunerate

(v.) to reward, pay, reimburse SYNONYMS: satisfy, profit, benefit

scuttle

(v.) to sink a ship by cutting holes in it; to get rid of something in a decisive way; to run hastily, scurry; (n.) a pail SYNONYMS: abandon, discard, scrap, ditch, dump ANTONYMS: keep afloat, salvage, rescue, preserve

malign

(v.) to speak evil of, slander; (adj.) evil

warp

(v.) to twist out of shape; (n.) an abnormality SYNONYMS: (v.) bend, distort, misshape; (n.) irregularity ANTONYMS: (v.) straighten, unbend, rectify

meander

(v.) to wander about, wind about; (n.) a sharp turn or twist

inscribe

(v.) to write or engrave; to enter a name on a list SYNONYMS: enroll, enlist ANTONYMS: erase, rub out, delete, efface, obliterate