Vocabulary Workshop Unit 1-12 Level B,

random

(adj) by chance, not planned or prearranged; irregular

heartrending

(adj) causing mental pain or grief

piecemeal

(adj) one piece at a time; (adv) gradually

lavish

(adj) overly generous, extravagant; abundant;(v) to spend or give freely or without limit

mellow

(adj) ripe, well-matured; soft, sweet, and rich; gentle, pleasant; (v) to become gentle and sweet

despondent

(adj) sad, without hope, discouraged

leisurely

(adj) unhurried, taking plenty of time; (adv) in an easygoing or unhurried way

lethargic

(adj) unnaturally sleepy; dull, slow moving; indifferent

nomadic

(adj) wandering, moving about from place to place

ajar

(adj, adv.) partly open antonym - closed tight, shut, open wide

fickle

(adj.) - characterized by changeableness, whimsical

dynamic

(adj.) - characterized by continuous change or activity

quaint

(adj.) - old-fashioned

adequate

(adj.) Sufficient, enough synonyms - satisfactory, sufficing antonym - insufficient

indispensable

(adj.) absolutely necessary, not to be neglected

controversial

(adj.) arousing argument, dispute, or disagreement

vindictive

(adj.) bearing a grudge, feeling or showing a strong tendency toward revenge synonyms - spiteful, malicious antonyms - forgiving relanting

anonymous

(adj.) being unknown, unrecognized (Mary received a love poem from an anonymous admirer.)

fallible

(adj.) capable of being wrong, mistaken, or inaccurate

prudent

(adj.) cautious, careful, showing good sense

peevish

(adj.) cross, complaining, irritable; contrary

insubordinate

(adj.) disobedient, unruly, mutinous

wayward

(adj.) disobedient, willful; unpredictable, capricious

legible

(adj.) easily read

inflammable

(adj.) easily set on fire; easily angered or aroused

docile

(adj.) easily taught or trained (She successfully taught the docile puppy several tricks.)

indignant

(adj.) filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean

spirited

(adj.) full of life and vigor; courageous

animated

(adj.) full of life, lively, alive; (part.) moved to action

utmost

(adj.) greatest, highest, farthest; (n.) the extreme limit

casual

(adj.) happening by chance or on an irregular basis; showing little concern; informal

simultaneous

(adj.) happening or existing at the same time

vital

(adj.) having life, living; necessary to life, essential; key, crucial

gruesome

(adj.) horrible, revolting, ghastly

gigantic

(adj.) huge, giant, immense synonyms - enormous, colossal, mammoth antonyms - tiny, infinitesimal, diminutive

disputatious

(adj.) inclined to argue or debate; provoking debate

ultimate

(adj.) last, final; most important or extreme; eventual; basic, fundamental

graphic

(adj.) lifelike, vivid; relating to the pictorial arts

miscellaneous

(adj.) mixed, of different kinds

trivial

(adj.) not important, minor; ordinary, commonplace

fruitless

(adj.) not producing the desired results, unsuccessful

barren

(adj.) not productive, bare

lax

(adj.) not strict, careless; lacking discipline; not tense; relaxed synonyms - slack, remiss antonyms - strict, vigilant, conscientious, scrupulous

abnormal

(adj.) not usual, not typical, strange

puny

(adj.) of less than normal strength or size; of no importance

unique

(adj.) one of a kind; unequaled; unusual; found only in a given class, place, or situation

humdrum

(adj.) ordinary, dull, routine, without variation

available

(adj.) ready for use, at hand

regal

(adj.) royal, kinglike; fit for a king

melancholy

(adj.) sad, gloomy, unhappy; (n.) sadness, gloominess

mutual

(adj.) shared, felt, or shown equally by two or more

radiant

(adj.) shining, bright; giving forth light or energy

tactful

(adj.) skilled in handling difficult situations or people, polite

sodden

(adj.) soaked with liquid or moisture; expressionless, dull; spiritless, listless

innumerable

(adj.) too many to count; without number synonyms - countless, beyond reckoning antonyms - countable, few in number

downtrodden

(adj.) treated unfairly and cruelly, oppressed

hostile

(adj.) unfriendly; unfavorable; warlike, aggressive

upright

(adj.) vertical, straight; good, honest; (adv.) in a vertical position

grimy

(adj.) very dirty, covered with dirt or soot

infamous

(adj.) very wicked; disgraceful, shameful synonyms - scandalous, villainous, flagrant, heinous antonyms - glorious, splendid, illustrious, praiseworthy

pending

(adj.) waiting to be settled; (prep.) until

poised

(adj., part.) balanced, suspended; calm, controlled; ready for action

downright

(adv.) thoroughly; (adj.) absolute, complete; frank, blunt

braggart

(n) a boaster; (adj) boastful in a loud, annoying way

cache

(n) a hiding place; something hidden or stored

status

(n) a person's condition or position in the eyes of the law; relative rank or standing, especially in society; prestige

quest

(n) a search, hunt; (v) to search, seek, ask

malady

(n) a sickness, illness, disease, disorder

turmoil

(n) a state of great confusion or disorder; mental strain or agitation

surplus

(n) an amount beyond what is required, excess; :(adj) more than what is needed or expected

seclusion

(n) isolation from others, solitude

clarification

(n) the act of making clear or understandable, an explanation

veto

(n)the power to forbid or prevent; (v) to prohibit, reject

overture

(n.) , an opening move toward negotiation or action; a proposal or offer; an introductory section or part synonyms - prelude, tender antonyms - finale, postlude

buffoon

(n.) a clown; a coarse, stupid person

dialogue

(n.) a conversation between two or more people; an interchange of opinions and ideas, free disscussion synonym - exchange of ideas antonyms - monologue, soliloquy

misdemeanor

(n.) a crime or offense that is less serious than a felony; any minor misbehavior or misconduct synonyms - misdeed, petty offense or transgression antonyms - felony, serious crime

ordeal

(n.) a difficult or painful experience, a trail

regime

(n.) a government in power; a form or system of rule or management; a period of rule

alliance

(n.) a joining together for some common purpose

indifference

(n.) a lack of interest or concern

catastrophe

(n.) a large-scale disaster, misfortune, or failure

truce

(n.) a pause in fighting, temporary peace

entrepreneur

(n.) a person who starts up and takes on the risk of a business

firebrand

(n.) a piece of burning wood; a troublemaker; an extremely energetic or emotional person

oration

(n.) a public speech for a formal occasion

incentive

(n.) a reason for doing something; something that stimulates action

stalemate

(n.) a situation in which further action by either of two opponents is impossible; to bring to a standstill synonyms - standoff, draw deadlock antonyms - victory, defeat

remnant

(n.) a small part remaining behind

narrative

(n.) a story, detailed report; having the quality or the nature of a story synonyms - tale, chronicle

emblem

(n.) a symbol, sign, token synonyms - badge, crest

iota

(n.) a very small part or quantity

onslaught

(n.) a violent attack; a sudden rush of something

pact

(n.) an agreement, treaty synonyms - compact, alliance, deal

constituent

(n.) an essential part; a voter who elects a representative

uncertainty

(n.) doubt, the state of being unsure

bystander

(n.) one who looks on or observes, a person present but not taking part

hazard

(n.) risk, peril; (v.) to expose to danger or harm; to gamble

preview

(n.) something seen in advance; (v.) to view beforehand

nub

(n.) the central point or heart of a matter

hearth

(n.) the floor of a fireplace; the fireside as a symbol of the home and family synonym - chimney corner

homicide

(n.) the killing of one person by another

luster

(n.) the quality of giving off light, brightness, glitter, brilliance

havoc

(n.) very great destruction, ruin; great confusion and disorder synonyms - devastation, harm, disarray antonyms - peace,and quiet, calm, order

abound

(v) to be plentiful, be filled

clutter

(v) to fill or cover in a disorderly way; (n) a state of disorder, mess

reinforce

(v) to make stronger with new materials or support

prescribe

(v) to order as a rule or course to be followed; to order for medical purpose

recompense

(v) to pay back; to give a reward; (n) a payment for loss, service, or injury.

rant

(v) to speak wildly and noisily; (n) loud, violent talk

embezzle

(v) to steal property entrusted to one's care

botch

(v)to repair or patch; make a mess of; (N) a hopelessly bungled job

wilt

(v.) , to become limp and drooping (as a flower), wither; to lose strength and vigor synonyms - sag,waken, shrivel up antonyms - flourish, bloom, sprout, perk up, revive

lubricate

(v.) to apply oil or grease; to make smooth, slippery, or easier to use

ratify

(v.) to approve, give formal approval to, confirm

interrogate

(v.) to ask questions, examine by questioning

entice

(v.) to attract, tempt

maul

(v.) to beat or knock about, handle roughly; to mangle; (n.) a heavy hammer

decrease

(v.) to become or make less

implore

(v.) to beg earnestly for synonyms - entreat, beseech, pray antonyms - demand forcefully, clamor for

germinate

(v.) to begin to grow, come into being

seethe

(v.) to boil or foam; to be excited or disturbed

disrupt

(v.) to break up, disturb

singe

(v.) to burn slightly; (n.) a burn at the ends or edges

consolidate

(v.) to combine, unite; to make solid or firm

loom

(v.) to come into view; to appear in exaggerated form; (n.) a machine for weaving

persist

(v.) to continue steadily in a course of action, refuse to stop or be changed; to last, remain

hinder

(v.) to delay; to stop or prevent from happening

dishearten

(v.) to discourage

goad

(v.) to drive or urge on; (n.) something used to drive or urge on

ordain

(v.) to establish by law; to order or command; to appoint as a priest or minister

verify

(v.) to establish the truth or accuracy of, confirm

quibble

(v.) to evade or belittle a point by twisting words or raising minor objections; (n.)a petty objection

evict

(v.) to force out from a property; to eject

outstrip

(v.) to get ahead of, do better than, exceed

alight

(v.) to get down from, step down from; to come down from the air, land; (adj.) lighted up

indulge

(v.) to give in to a wish or desire, give oneself up to

inflict

(v.) to give or cause something unpleasant, impose

canvass

(v.) to go through an area in order to produce votes, sales, or opinions; to go over in detail; to discuss

flourish

(v.) to grow, thrive, be prosperous; to wave in the air

hanker

(v.) to long (for), to desire

parch

(v.) to make dry and thirsty; to shrivel with heat

browse

(v.) to nibble, graze; to read casually; to window-shop

procure

(v.) to obtain through special effort; to bring about

dissuade

(v.) to persuade not to do something

quench

(v.) to put out, extinguish, end

bewilder

(v.) to puzzle completely, confuse

dominate

(v.) to rule over by strength or power, control; to tower over, command due to height

hurtle

(v.) to rush violently, dash headlong; to fling or hurl forcefully

stifle

(v.) to smother, prevent from breathing; to hold back or choke off

accelerate

(v.) to speed up, cause to move faster; to bring about more quickly

mar

(v.) to spoil, damage, injure synonyms - scar, disfigure antonyms - beautify, embellish, repair

pervade

(v.) to spread throughout

insinuate

(v.) to suggest or hint slyly; to edge into something indirectly

mull

(v.) to think about, ponder, to grind or mix; to heat and flavor with spices synonyms - consider, reflect on

flounder

(v.) to thrash about in a clumsy or ineffective way

pelt

(v.) to throw a stream of things; to strike successively; to hurry

snare

(v.) to trap, catch; (n.) a trap or entanglement

swerve

(v.) to turn aside sharply

capsize

(v.) to turn upright; to upset

erode

(v.) to wear away gradually, eat away

salvo

a burst of gunfire or cannon shot, often as a tribute or salute; a sudden burst of anything; a spirited verbal attack

brawl

a noisy quarrel or fight; to quarrel or fight noisily

farce

a play filled with ridiculous or absurd happenings; broad or far-fetched humor; a ridiculous sham

paradox

a self-contradictory statement that on closer examination proves true; a person or thing with seemingly contradictory qualities

flaw

a slight fault, defect, crack

interminable

adj. Endless; seeming to be without end.

reluctant

adj. Unwilling, holding back

transparent

adj. able to be seen through; honest and open : not secretive

literate

adj. able to read and write

void

adj. completely empty

magliant

adj. deadly

vicious

adj. evil, bad; spiteful; having bad habits or an ugly disposition; painfully severe or extreme

counterfeit

adj. fake; false

virtual

adj. having a certain force or effect in fact but not in name

marginal

adj. in, at, or near

substantantial

adj. large

adjacent

adj. near, next to

inimitable

adj. not capable of being copied

prominent

adj. noticeable; widely known

rural

adj. of or relating to the country and the people who live there

potential

adj. possible

sullen

adj. silent or brooding

grim

adj. stern

customary

adj. usual

orthodox

adj. ways of doing things

unscathed

adj. wholly unharmed

fledging

an inexperienced person, beginner; a young bird about to leave the nest; inexperienced, budding

parasite

an organism that lives in or on another organism; one who lives off another person

foremost

chief, most important, primary; in the first place

prior

earlier, former

flagrant

extremely bad, glaring; scandalous, notorious

dilapidated

falling apart or ruined, run-down

amiss

faulty, imperfect, not as it should be; in a mistaken or improper way, wrongly

morbid

in an unhealthy mental state, extremely gloomy; caused by or related to disease, unwholesome

wrath

intense anger

anecdote

n. A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.

brood

n. A family of young animals

makeshift

n. A temporary and usually less strong replacement.

plague

n. A widespread disease

résumé

n. a brief summary

drone

n. a loafer

dupe

n. a person easily tricked

fortaste

n. an advance indication

fugitive

n. one who flees

dynasty

n. ruling family

vengeance

n. violence

domestic

native to a country, not foreign; relating to the life or affairs of a household; a household servant

futile

not successful, failing to have any result; useless; unimportant, frivolous

hospitable

offering friendly or generous treatment to guest; open to anything new or strange

beneficiary

one who benefits from something; a person who is left money or other property in a will or the like

proficient

skilled, expert, or capable in any field or activity

notable

striking, remarkable; a person who is well known, distinguished, or outstanding in some way

perjury

the act of swearing to a lie

momentum

the force or speed with which something moves

lair

the home or den of a wild animal; any hideout

timidity

the state of being easily frightened

pamper

to allow too many privileges, be too generous and easygoing toward

shirk

to avoid or get out of doing work, neglect a duty; to sneak, slink

nurture

to bring up, care for, train, nourish; rearing, training, upbringing

detest

to hate, dislike very much, loathe

bellow

to make a sound similar to that of a bull, roar (v); a loud, angry roar(n)

fluster

to make or become confused, agitated, or nervous; a state of confusion or agitation

dismantle

to take apart; to strip of something

presume

to take for granted, assume or suppose; to dare, take upon oneself, take liberties

entreat

v. To ask earnestly; to beg

wince

v. to draw back suddenly, as though in pain or fear; the act of drawing back in this way

trickle

v. to flow or fall by drops or in a small stream

scrimp

v. to handle very economically

mortify

v. to humiliate

tamper

v. to interfere with; to handle in a secret and improper way

renovate

v. to repair, restore to good condition, make new again

eradicate

v. to root out

scurry

v. to run wuickly

cater

v. to satisfy the needs of, try to make things easy and pleasant; to supply food and service

culminate

v. to teach a high point of development

frustrate

v. to thwart, foil, defeat

grueling

very tiring, calling for an extreme effort

vigilant

wide-awake, alert, volley

notorious

widely known because of bad conduct