voyages ch 5

In the Andes region, which includes modern-day Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina and Chile, complex societies had emerged by 3100 BCE. The earliest was at the site of Caral, followed by the Chavin culture, roughly two thousand years later. The largest center was at Tiwanaku (600-1000 CE) in what is today southern Bolivia. 1. Complex society emerged in the Andes: a. Almost two thousand years before the Olmecs b. Under the influence of the Olmecs c. Because the Olmecs were devastated by disease and famine d. Five hundred years after the Olmecs 2. Around 4000 BCE, Andean peoples: a. Discovered iron technology b. Began to cultivate maize c. Developed the wheel d. Domesticated the llama and alpaca 3. Farmers supported the large population of Tiwanaku by: a. Raiding nearby cities b. Using a raised-field system c. Trading for additional seed with Chavin cities d. Building the Nazca lines

a d b

Unlike some of the earlier Mesoamerican cultures, researchers know a great deal about the Maya who had formed complex societies by c. 300 BCE. Also unlike those earlier societies, the Maya still exist in parts of southern Mexico and Central America. Answer the following questions to review some of the key features of Maya culture. 1. When a Mayan ruler died, his successor was confirmed by: a. The priesthood b. A council of nobles c. The heir's successful completion of a series of trials d. Voting according to social class 2. According to the Popul Vuh, the primary significance of the hip ballgame was that it: a. Recreated the earth b. Tested boys' fitness to become warriors c. Determined who the next ruler would be d. Decided who would become a slave and who would be free 3. The primary goal of all Maya warfare was to: a. Glorify the gods b. Obtain captives c. Control trade routes d. Control sources of salt

a council of nobles recreated earth obtain captives

Unlike the land-based cultures you have been learning about in previous sections, the peoples of the Pacific did not build large cities because they spent much of their time at sea. Between 1000 BCE and 1350 CE, the peoples of the Pacific expanded across the region and developed sophisticated navigation techniques in the process. 1. Once navigation by the stars brought Polynesian boats close to land, mariners could pinpoint the location of the islands by watching the: a. Ocean currents b. Flights of migratory birds c. Movements of clouds d. Routes of large sea mammals 2. As a result of heavy warfare, Easter Islanders were forced to use these as raw materials for tools: a. Whale bones b. The bones and skin of small animals they had brought to the island c. Human bones and hair d. The boats that had brought them to the island 3. Once the Maori of New Zealand had depleted the supply of small animals, they turned to: a. Whaling b. Intensive fishing in rivers and streams c. Killing moa birds d. Destroying the forests

b c d

Complex society developed later in the North—present-day United States and Canada. The first societies emerged after 700 CE and were likely influenced by contact with the more-developed societies of Mesoamerica. Answer the following questions to review some of the most important characteristics of the northern peoples. 1. The Mississippian peoples were the first in North America to: a. Build large urban centers b. Trade with Mesoamerican peoples c. Construct large earthworks along the Ohio River d. Develop a writing system 2. The Adena and the Hopewell were both parts of what scholars classify as Mississippian peoples (800-1450). Unlike the Adena, the Hopewell peoples: a. Cultivated crops b. Developed a writing system c. Built giant statues d. Built pyramids 3. The Anasazi were the other major complex society that developed in the North. Researchers believe they had contact with the Maya based on the fact that they have found the ruins of: a. Ball courts b. Statues with Maya glyphs c. Pyramids d. Huge burial mounds

build large urban centers cultivated crops ball courts

Agriculture in the Americas was established by c. 5000 BCE. By c. 1200 BCE, complex society had developed into what is today Mexico. Answer the following questions to review some of the hallmarks of these early Mesoamerican cultures. 1. Early Mesoamericans cultivated squash, beans, and maize because they ate little: a. Wild grass b. Fruit c. Nixtamal d. Meat 2. The Olmec are best known for: a. Inventing the wheel b. Creating colossal stone heads c. Keeping records of their population counts d. Building huge pyramids 3. The city of Teotihuacan is famous for: a. Inventing the Long Count calendar b. Its giant pyramids c. The presence of giant stone head sculptures d. Inventing the wheel

meat creating colossal stone heads its giant pyramids