VTNE Diagnostic Imaging Sec 10 (Prendergast)

Slab fracture

A biarticular fracture is also known as a:

360 degrees

A computer tomography x-ray tube can rotate how many degrees?

varus deformity

A deformity, in which the interior angle of the joint, viewed frontally, is <180 degrees, is known as what?

All team members

All of the following people are allowed to view individual dosimetry reports except:

-750 HU

Anything below what hounsfield unit is displayed as black on CT imaging?

256 shades of gray

Approximately how many shades of gray are incorporated into the display of an image obtained through ultrasound?

18-30 weeks

At what age in foals does the closure of the proximal growth plate of P2 occur?

Radionuclides

Atoms that emit particles and energy to become stable are known as:

Accessory cephalic vein

Carpal hematomas usually result from the rupture of which vessel in the horse?

The palmaromedial aspect

For a dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique of the metacarpus of a horse, on which surface should the cassette be placed?

The palmar aspect

For a dorsopalmar view of the metacarpus of a horse, which surface should the cassette be on?

On the lateral surface

For a mediolateral view of the tarsal joint of a horse, the cassette should be placed in which position?

Black

How does cerebrospinal fluid appear on a true T1-weighted image of MRI?

kidneys

How is gadolinium that is used in MRI excreted from the body?

Every 2 years

How often should x-ray equipment in a veterinarian's office be tested?

Bone marrow

IV contrast used with CT imaging will help to view all of the following, except:

signal intensities

In MRI what are the various shades of gray referred to as?

nuclear medicine

In which imaging modality is Technetium-99m used?

60-90 dB

MRI machines produce noise in which of the following ranges?

Dosimeter

Meters to measure the rate of exposure is also known as:

1 mm

Modern CT scanners use multislice technology and are able to acquire image slices thinner than which of the following sizes?

1.4

Pulse wave imaging can detect velocities up to a maximum of __________ m/s.

Orally, injection or inhalation

Radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine studies are administered by which route?

Motion

The M in M-mode of ultrasound represents which of the following?

Lateral resolution

The ability to distinguish between two objects that are adjacent to each other, yet perpendicular to the sound wave in ultrasound, is described as:

mCi

The amount of radioisotope used for each examination in a nuclear medicine study is measured in which of the following units?

Scan field of view

The number of detectors that are covered by the x-ray beam in CT scanning is known as which type of field of view?

Sievert (Sv)

The radiation unit REM (radiation equivalent man/mammal), the unit measured by radiation monitoring dosimeters, has been changed to which international naming code?

Dorsal recumbency

To obtain a craniocaudal view of the tibia of a small animal, that patient should be in which of the following positions?

Center over the liver

To obtain a dorsoventral view of the abdomen of a rabbit, where should the center of the beam be focused?

Medial aspect

To obtain a lateromedial view of the femorotibial joint of the horse, the cassette should be placed against which surface?

Sternal recumbancy

To obtain a radiographic image of both temporomandibular joints of a small animal, which of the following is the best position?

Microconvex probe

To perform an ultrasound in the intercostal region, which transducer would be ideal?

125 kV

To what level of kV radiation are most lead aprons effective?

Gadolinium

What does MRI require to highlight injections, tumors, or vascular disease?

Radio waves

What does the MRI unit use to manipulate hydrogen atoms in and out of an excited energy state?

it allows adjustment of the gain at various depths

What does the TGC or time gain compensation allow on the ultrasound machine?

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

What does the acronym ALARA stand for?

The brightness of the image

What does the gain control knob adjust on the ultrasound machine?

A ratio between the table movement in mm and the CT slice thickness

What does the term pitch refer to in CT imaging?

Piezoelectric ceramics

What element is found within the transducer of an ultrasound machine?

they vibrate

What happens to crystals within the ultrasound transducer when strong, short electrical pulses strike them?

The potential projectile effect with metallic objects within the vicinity of the machine

What is a major safety concern with MRI machines?

radioisotope

What is an isotope termed when it is radioactive?

Brightness

What is the correct definition of the abbreviation B-mode in ultrasound?

Power doppler is sensitive to slow flow and color doppler indicates direction of flow

What is the difference between color Doppler and power Doppler ultrasound?

2

What is the maximum number of focal points that are recommended for use in ultrasound?

To absorb exiting remnant radiation

What is the purpose of the foil backing found on dental x-ray film?

Tesla

What is the term used to describe a medical magnet's field strength?

70kV

What is the typical kilovoltage preset on a dental unit?

110 V

What size of power outlet is required to run a digital dental unit?

Against the palmar aspect of the carpus

When obtaining a dorsopalmar view of the carpus of a horse, where should the cassette be held?

Lateral canthus of the eye socket

When obtaining a lateral projection of the skull of small animals, where should the centering of the image occur?

Left side of the monitor

When scanning in the sagittal plane, where is the cranial aspect of the patient's body displayed on the ultrasound monitor?

The colors show blood flow; blue indicates flow away and red indicates flow toward

When using color-flow Doppler in ultrasound, what do the displayed red and blue colors mean?

80 HU

When using computed tomography, what hounsfield unit does blood have?

160 HU

When using the shaded-surface display process with CT, which Hounsfield units should be selected to view bone?

against the palmarolateral aspect of the leg

Where should the cassette be held when obtaining a dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique view of the carpus of a horse?

Grade 4

Which grade level on the ossification index for newborn foals does a closed metacarpal and metatarsal physes describe?

MRI

Which imaging modality is superior for demonstrating the brain and spinal cord?

1260 HU

Which of the following Hounsfield units on CT imaging appears as white?

CW Doppler

Which of the following allows measurements of very high blood flow velocities in ultrasound?

The point at which the maximum blood velocity is reached

Which of the following best describes the Nyquist point in ultrasound?

The point of interest

Which of the following best describes the term fulcrum?

Doppler is used to image the flow of blood and other liquids as well as to measure their velocity

Which of the following best describes the use for Doppler ultrasound?

Cut or section

Which of the following best describes the word tomography?

Cell death, cell damage may be obvious, with portions of the DNA compromised, Cell may display no immediate effects but damage may have occurred internally that will affect the individual later, when mitosis occurs

Which of the following can occur if DNA is affected by radiation?

Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, mechanical energy into electrical energy, and change shape in the presence of an electrical current

Which of the following can the piezoelectric crystal within an ultrasound probe do?

Pieces or planes of metal used to correct the magnetic field within the magnet

Which of the following correctly defines the term schims in reference to MRI?

A three-dimensional image

Which of the following correctly describes a CT image?

Atrophy

Which of the following effects is a result of radiation overdose to lymphoid tissue?

No loose metallic objects can be near the machine, it consists of a strong magnetic field, the magnet is always on and every patient/employee should be screened for safety purposes

Which of the following factors should all personel understand about MRI machines?

4 MHz

Which of the following frequencies will allow the deepest level of penetration in ultrasound?

Film and phosphor plates

Which of the following image receptors is used in dental imaging?

Fluoroscopy

Which of the following imaging modalities can cause radiation burns if the unit is too close to the skin and remains in exposure mode for too long?

Ultrasound

Which of the following imaging modalities produces images without the use of radiation?

Distance Time and Shielding

Which of the following is considered to be a cardinal rule for radiation protection?

Hung up by the shoulders when not in use

Which of the following is the best method for storing lead x-ray gowns?

Flexed lateral view

Which of the following is the best view for detecting distal corner fractures?

CdCr

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation to perform a caudalocranial radiograph?

Dark gray

Which of the following is the correct definition for the ultrasound term hypoechoic?

passed through the developer, wash, fixer, then the wash again.

Which of the following is the correct order to process dental film?

Wipe with glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant

Which of the following is the proper way to disinfect an ultrasound probe?

110 kV

Which of the following kV will produce more scatter and secondary radiation?

in a dry, cool place away from the x-ray room

Which of the following locations is best for storing a dosimeter badge?

Plantar

Which of the following radiographic terms describes the caudal surface of the hind limb distal to the carpus?

Caudocranial

Which of the following radiographic terms describes the radiographic projection obtained by passing the primary x-ray beam from the caudal surface to the cranial surface of a structure?

Dorsopalmar

Which of the following radiographic terms describes the radiographic views distal to the carpus obtained by passing the primary x-ray beam from the dorsal direction to the palmar surface of the forelimb?

dorsoventral

Which of the following radiographic terms descrives the view when the primary x-ray beam enters the dorsal surface and exits the ventral surface of the patient?

3 MHz

Which of the following transducer frequencies allows the deepest imaging depth?

Bone

Which of the following types of tissue absorb the most radiation?

comet tail

Which of the following ultrasound artifacts is likely to be produced when the sound wave strikes a metal object or a pocket of air?

Alpha and beta particles

Which particles have high linear energy transfer (LET) with low penetrability?

Lateral view

Which radiographic view provides the best accuracy for evaluating major fracture dislocation and conformational abnormalities in horses?

Medial oblique view

Which radiographic view provides the best option for detecting slab fractures in horses?

546 ms

Which repetition time shows the T1 decay response of the tissues using MRI?

between 2 and 10 weeks' gestation

Which time frame is the most critical for limiting radiation exposure to an unborn fetus of an employee?

Permanent magnets

Which type of magnet consists of two slabs of magnetic material facing each other?

Up and pointing rostrally

dental film should be placed in the mouth with the dimple facing:

superconductive magnets

which of the following is the most common medical magnet?