VTNE: Pharmacology

In what animal is the use of enrofloxacin safest?

1-year-old Dutch rabbit

What controlled substance rating indicates the drug with the greatest potential for abuse?

C-11

Griseofulvin acts on:

Dermatophytes

What drug is a respiratory stimulant?

Doxapram

The primary function of insulin is to:

Facilitate the entry of glucose into cells

Insulin concentration is measured in:

Units per milliliter

What drug is most likely to be prescribed to prevent motion sickness in dogs and cats?

acepromazine

A drugs tendency to bind to a receptor is called its:

affinity

Antimicrobial drugs such as neomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin each belong to what group of antibiotics?

aminoglycosides

In what class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity potential side effects?

aminoglycosides

When a drug is used by an alternative route in a species, or for an indication other what what is specified by the manufacturer, this is termed:

an extra label use

What drug is approved for the treatment of old dog dementia?

anipryl

Cimetidine and ranitidine are used as:

antacids

What class of drugs generally poses the greatest potential health threat to those handling the medication?

antineoplastic

Butorphanol tartrate is an example of a drug that functions on more than one body system. It is both an analgesic and a(n):

antitussive

Drugs that effectively block the cough reflex are called:

antitussive

What type of medication is sucralfate (carafate)

antiulcer

What fatal reaction to chloramphenicol has been reported in cats and people?

aplastic anemia

The emetic of choice in dogs is:

apomorphine

Which of the following drugs does not have an antiemetic action?

apomorphine

The active drug in Proheart is moxidectin, a member of this drug class is:

avermectin

The trade name for diphenhydramine is:

benadryl

The percentage of the total dose that ultimately reaches the bloodstream is called:

bioavailability

Aminophylline is known as:

bronchodilator

Drugs used to increase airflow through respiratory passageways narrowed by the relaxation of smooth muscle around them are called:

bronchodilators

Psyllium and Metamucil are examples of:

bulk laxatives

Tums can be administered to supplement:

calcium

Which of the following can affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination?

cardiac disease

What species should receive prednisolone instead of prednisone?

cats

Bloat-Pac is indicated for frothy bloat in:

cattle

Drugs classified as ACE inhibitors have what effect on the body?

cause vasodilation

Nitroglycerin is sometimes used as a paste applied to the pinna or to the abdominal skin in dogs with cardiovascular disease. Ntrioglycerin has what therapeutic effect?

causes vasodilation

Maropitant is the active ingredient in:

cerenia

The anti-infective drug that should be avoided in all food producing animals is:

chloramphenicol

What drug readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and achieves therapeutic concentrations of antibiotic in the central nervous system?

chloramphenicol

An example of an antibiotic that is considered to be a Beta-Lactamase inhibitor is:

clavamox

What is added to amoxicillin to make it resistant to the penicillin-destroying B-lactamase enzymes produced by some bacteria?

clavulanic acid

What breed of dog has a blood-brain barrier that allows ivermectin to reach toxic concentrations within the brain more readily than in other breeds?

collie

Lactulose can be given to a patient with a portosystemic shunt to help:

convert ammonia to ammonium

The drug that treats autoimmune diseases and pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis is knowns as:

cyclosporine

In geriatric patients, drug doses are generally:

decreased

What effect are anticholinergic drugs expected to have on the GI tract?

decreased bowel motility

Griseofulvin is used in cats, dogs, and horses to treat which of the following disorders?

dermatophytosis

What drug is used intravenously to treat status epilepticus

diazepam

What drug is most likely to be prescribed to prevent motion sickness?

diphenhydramine

Spirolactone, chlorothiazide, and furosemide are classified as:

diuretics

Dr. Charles is performing a C-section on Sadie, a 3-year-old Dalmatian. The smallest pup was not breathing spontaneously, so the doctor asked you to administer which of the following drugs as a respiratory stimulant?

doxapram

Scooter, a 13-year-old miniature schnauzer, has arrested under anesthesia for routine dentistry. You run to the crash cart and grab what you know to be the drug of choice for cardiac arrest, which is:

epinephrine

Because sucralfate is more effective in an acidic environment, it should be administered before:

famotidine

Which of the following drugs is used to decrease gastric acid production by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach?

famotidine

Antimicrobial drugs such as enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, or orbifloxacin all belong to which group of antibiotics?

fluroquinolones

What can be done to decrease risk of esophageal lesions in cats secondary to oral medications?

follow the medications with water

A veterinarian prescribes erythropoietin for use in dogs in terminal renal failure. Why was this drug prescribed?

for its ability to stimulate red blood cell production and release

The diuretic drug used most commonly in patients with congestive heart failure:

furosemide

H2 receptors are found in the:

gastric mucosa

With what type of diet should oral tetracyclines not be administered?

high calcium

Glucocorticoids are often used to treat all of the following conditions, EXCEPT:

hyperadrenocorticism

What is a potential electrolyte imbalance that can occur as a result of administering a loop diuretic to a small animal?

hypokalemia

The most common side effects of drugs that cause vasodilation is:

hypotension

Which of the following side effects is commonly seen with many cancer chemotherapeutic drugs?

immunosuppression

What effect does renal failure or compromised liver function have on the pharmacokinetics of many drugs?

increased half life of drugs

Cosmo, an 11 year old pug, has been diagnosed with mitral insufficiency and was referred to a veterinary cardiologist. The specialist decided to initiate treatment with digoxin, which is a positive inotrope and negative chronotrope. This means that it:

increases with the force of contractions and decreases the cardiac output

Glucocorticoids are often used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of all of the following conditions except:

infections

Drugs that are administered intra-articularly are injected into the:

joint

Which drug listed belongs in the drug class imidazole?

ketoconazole

Penicillins are primarily excreted by the:

kidney

Furosemide is the active ingredient in:

lasix

How can a drug such as neomycin, which has severe risk of nephrotoxicity when administered by injection, have little risk when administered topically or orally?

little of the drug is absorbed through the skin

Decreased function of what organ would have the greatest effect on biotransformation of most drugs?

liver

The principle site of drug biotransformation is the:

liver

Which of the following drugs is used as an adultacide to treat a heartworm positive dog?

melarsomine

What antibacterial drug is also effective against protozoa such as Giardia?

metronidazole

What can a technician do to recognize early signs of nephrotoxicity in an animal that receives aminoglycosides?

monitor urine for casts and protein

An example of a semisolid dosage form is:

ointment

With regard to the plasma concentration of a drug, what is the highest point in the concentration called?

peak

To what other drug class is a cephalosporin-class drug closely related?

penicillins

Which of the following anti-seizure medications should be avoided in a patients with existing liver disease?

phenobarbital

Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index. What does this mean?

plasma drug concentrations that produce toxicity are very close to the minimum concentration at which a beneficial effect occurs

The doctor expresses concern that a patient's cardiac output is poor and he is considering something to increase the contractility of the heart. You know he will want to use a:

positive inotrope

What traditional anticonvulsant is now being used simultaneously with phenobarbital in dogs that are nonresponsive to phenobarbital alone?

potassium bromide

The glucocorticoid drug most commonly used orally to treat immune mediated diseases in dogs and cats is:

prednisone

Vetmedin is the brand name for:

procainamide

What drug is used to return a mare to proestrus from diestrus through lysis of the corpus luteum?

prostaglandin

What organ blocks the entrance of many drugs because of a barrier similar to the blood brain barrier?

prostate gland

A chronotropic agents affects the:

rate of contraction

A reported side effect of fluroquinolone administration (Baytril) in cats given SID dosing at a higher dosing schedule is:

retinal damage

A useful group of broad-spectrum drugs, whose popularity has recently declined because of numerous potential side effects, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, polyarthritis (especially in doberman pinschers), hematuria, allergic reactions, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, is the:

sulfonamides

The drug most commonly used in treating animals with hypothyroidism is:

synthetic levothyroxine (T4)

Which of the following statements about tetracyclines is true?

tetracyclines may lead to bone or teeth problems if given to young animals

When a drug is said to have a narrow therapeutic range, it means that:

the dose range that is effective is small

Why should apomorphine and activated charcoal not be given simultaneously?

the patient will vomit and may aspirate the charcoal

What does it mean when a drug is at a steady state?

the peak and trough are steady

Which of the following statements about glucocorticoids is true?

they may cause immune system suppression

Ceftiofur is classified on the package insert as a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic; cefadroxil is classified as a first generation cephalosporin. How do third generation cephalosporins differ from first generation cephalosporins?

third generation drugs have better gram negative activity

Because of the manner in which they are excreted, sulfonamides are often effective against infections of:

urinary tract

Nitroglycerin is administered primarily to achieve which of the following effects?

vasodilation

Lidocaine is primarily used to control which of the following abnormalities?

ventricular tachycardia

Which of the following is/are not a side effect of oral glucocorticoid administration in dogs?

vomiting

When are drugs such as sulfadimethoxine, sulfadizine, and other sulfa drugs most likely to cause kidney problems?

when an animal is dehydrated

Each drug is approved for use in food producing animals has a time period given on the label between the last does and when the animal can be slaughtered for food or when the milk can be sold. What is this period called?

withdrawl period