WATSON'S PHILOSOPHY and THEORY OF TRANSPERSONAL CARING (Reviewer)

Ten (10) Carative Factors "Clinical Caritas" Processes (CCP)

1. Practice of loving kindness and equanimity toward self and other within context of (caring consciousness) caritas consciousness 2. Being authentically present, enabling, sustaining, and honoring faith, hope, and deep belief system and the inner subjective world of self/other 3. Cultivation of one's own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion 4. Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship 5. Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one-being-cared for 6. Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices/caritas 7. Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within other's frame of reference 8. Creating healing environment at all levels (physical and non-physical), subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity and peace are potentiated 9. Assisting the basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering "human care essentials," which potentiate alignment of mindbodyspirit, wholeness and unity of being in all aspects of care; tending to both the embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence 10. Opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious and existential dimensions of one's own life-death; soul care for self and the one-being-cared-for

MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS:

1. Transpersonal Caring Relationship 2. Caring Occasion/Caring Moment

Nursing

A human science of people and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, aesthetic and ethical human care transactions.

Assistance with the gratification of human needs

Assisting the basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering "human care essentials," which potentiate alignment of mindbodyspirit, wholeness and unity of being in all aspects of care; tending to both the embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence It is grounded in a hierarchy of needs similar to that of Maslow's She has created a hierarchy which she believes is relevant to the science of caring in nursing According to her, each need is equally important for quality nursing care and the promotion of optimal health. All the needs deserve to be attended to and valued.

Faith-hope

Being authentically present, enabling, sustaining, and honoring faith, hope, and deep belief system and the inner subjective world of self/other Essential to both carative and curative processes When modern science has nothing further to offer the person, the nurse can continue to use faith-hope to provide a sense of well-being though beliefs which are meaningful to the individual

The expression of feelings, both positive and negative

Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one-being-cared for According to Watson, "feelings alter thoughts and behavior, and they need to be considered and allowed for in a caring relationship Such expression improves one's level of awareness Awareness of the feelings helps to understand the behavior it engenders

Jean Watson

Born in Southern West Virginia Earned BSN in 1964; MS in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing in 1966 and PhD in educational psychology and counseling in 1973 A distinguished Professor and Director of Center of Human Caring School of Nursing, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver. Founder of the original Center for Human Caring in Colorado and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing Served as Dean of Nursing at the University of Health Sciences Center Past president of the National League for Nursing Awards/Honors: International Kellog Fellowship in Australia : Fulbright Research Award in Sweden : 6 Honorary Doctoral degrees : 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, United Kingdom, Quebec, Canada) Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring- foundation of Watson's theory of nursing, published in 1979 1988- Nursing: Human Science and Human Care

Transpersonal Caring Relationship

Characterizes a special kind of human care relationship that depends on 1. the nurse's moral commitment in protecting and enhancing human dignity as well as the deeper/higher self 2. the nurse's caring consciousness communicated to preserve and honor the embodied spirit, therefore, not reducing the person to the moral status of an object 3. the nurse's caring consciousness and connection having the potential to heal since experience, perception and intentional connection are taking place

Provision for a supportive, protective and/or corrective, mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual environment

Creating healing environment at all levels (physical and non-physical), subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity and peace are potentiated Watson divides these into external and internal variables, which the nurse manipulates in order to provide support & protection for the person's mental & physical well-being Watson suggests that the nurse also must provide comfort, privacy, and safety as part of this carative factor.

The systematic use of the scientific problem-solving method of decision making

Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices/caritas - Scientific problem solving method- the only method that allows for control and prediction, and that permits self-correction

Cultivation of sensitivity to one's self and to others

Cultivation of one's own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion Explores the need of the nurse to begin to feel an emotion as it presents itself. Development of one's own feeling is needed to interact genuinely and sensitively with others Striving to become sensitive, makes the nurse more authentic, which encourages self-growth and self-actualization, in both the nurse and those with whom the nurse interacts The nurses promote health and higher level functioning only when they form person-to-person relationship

Establishing a helping-trust relationship

Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship Strongest tool is the mode of communication, which establishes rapport and caring She has defined the characteristics needed in the helping-trust relationship These are- congruence, empathy, warmth Communication involves verbal, nonverbal and listening in a manner which connotes empathetic understanding

Promotion of Interpersonal teaching-learning

Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within other's frame of reference The caring nurse must focus on the learning process as much as the teaching process Understanding the person's perception of the situation assists the nurse to prepare a cognitive plan

Jean Watson

His research has been in the area of human caring and loss

Southern West Virginia

Jean Watson was born in _________________________

Watson's Ordering of Needs

Lower Order Needs (Biophysical Needs) - Food and fluid Elimination Ventilation Lower Order Needs (Psychophysical Needs) - Activity Inactivity Sexuality Higher Order Needs (Psychosocial Needs) - Achievement Affiliation Higher order Needs (Intrapersonal Needs) - Self actualization

Intrapersonal Needs

Lower Order Needs (Biophysical Needs) - Food and fluid Elimination Ventilation Lower Order Needs (Psychophysical Needs) - Activity Inactivity Sexuality Higher Order Needs (Psychosocial Needs) - Achievement Affiliation Higher order Needs (_________________) - Self actualization

Psychosocial Needs

Lower Order Needs (Biophysical Needs) - Food and fluid Elimination Ventilation Lower Order Needs (Psychophysical Needs) - Activity Inactivity Sexuality Higher Order Needs (_________________) - Achievement Affiliation Higher order Needs (Intrapersonal Needs) - Self actualization

Psychophysical Needs

Lower Order Needs (Biophysical Needs) - Food and fluid Elimination Ventilation Lower Order Needs (_________________) - Activity Inactivity Sexuality Higher Order Needs (Psychosocial Needs) - Achievement Affiliation Higher order Needs (Intrapersonal Needs) - Self actualization

Biophysical Needs

Lower Order Needs (__________________) - Food and fluid Elimination Ventilation Lower Order Needs (Psychophysical Needs) - Activity Inactivity Sexuality Higher Order Needs (Psychosocial Needs) - Achievement Affiliation Higher order Needs (Intrapersonal Needs) - Self actualization

Allowance for Existential-phenomenological forces

Opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious and existential dimensions of one's own life-death; soul care for self and the one-being-cared-for Phenomenology is a way of understanding people from the way things appear to them, for their frame of reference Existential psychology is the study of human existence using phenomenological analysis. This factor helps the nurse to reconcile and mediate incongruity of viewing the person holistically while at the same time attending to the hierarchical ordering of needs. The nurse assists the person to find the strength or courage to confront life or death.

caritas

Originated from the term _________ which means to cherish, appreciate and give special attention

Metaparadigm

PERSON ENVIRONMENT HEALTH Nursing

The formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values

Practice of loving kindness and equanimity toward self and other within context of (caring consciousness) caritas consciousness Begins developmentally at an early age with values shared with the parents Mediated through one's own life experiences, the learning one gains and exposure to the humanities Is perceived as necessary to the nurse's own maturation which then promotes altruistic behavior towards others

ENVIRONMENT

Provides the values that determine how one should behave and what goals one should strive toward Values are affected by change in social, cultural and spiritual arenas which in turn affects the perception of the person and can lead to stress Caring has existed in every society. A caring attitude is not transmitted from generation to generation by genes. It is transmitted by the culture of the profession as a unique way of coping with its environment.

HEALTH

Refers to unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul Associated with the degree of congruence between self as perceived and as experienced With 3 elements A high level of over-all physical, mental and social functioning A general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning The absence of illness

Caring Occasion/Caring Moment

The moment when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created

body; mind; soul

The person possesses 3 spheres of being- _____________, _____________ and ______________

PERSON

Viewed holistically wherein the body, mind and soul are interrelated; each part a reflection of the whole, yet the whole is greater than and different from the sum of parts The person possesses 3 spheres of being- body, mind and soul Human being - valued person in and of him to be cared for, respected, nurtured and understood and assisted A fully functional integrated self

theory

Watson defines _____________ as an imaginative groupings of knowledge, ideas and experiences that are represented symbolically and seek to illuminate a given phenomenon She draws on the latin meaning of ---------- "to see" and concludes

carative factors

Watson views the ____________ as a guide for the core of nursing

Human Caring

____________ is thinking related to intentionally connects with the concepts of consciousness and energy

Caring

_______________ can be effectively demonstrated and practiced intrapersonally ----------- consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs Effective ---------- promotes health and individual or family growth ----------- responses accept a person not only as he or she is now but as what he or she may become A ------------ environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the person to choose the best action for himself or herself at a given point in time ------------- is more healthogenic than is curing The practice of ----------- is central to nursing

Human being

_________________ - valued person in and of him to be cared for, respected, nurtured and understood and assisted

Watson's major elements of her theory are:

a. The carative factors b. The transpersonal caring relationship c. the caring occasion/caring moment

Jean Watson's theory of caring

addresses how nurses care for their patients and how that caring translates into better health plans to help patients get healthy.

Jean Watson

believes that the main focus of nursing is on carative factors. she belives that for nurses to developed humanistoc philosophies and value system a strong liberal arts background is necessary

curative

means caring with love

Effective Caring

promotes health and individual or family growth

1979

theory "Nursing the philosophy and Science of caring" year

1988

theory "Nursing: Human Science and human care" year