WCU Check Your Understanding #3

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _________ pressure.

Mean arterial

Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?

Preexcitation syndrome with tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)

An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

Premature ventricular complexes

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

Pulmonary congestion

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

Pulmonary congestion with dyspnea

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

Pulmonary stenosis

Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

Reduce cardiac output

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

Reduced cardiac output

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of ________ from juxtaglomerular cells.

Renin

Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to

Rupture

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

ST-segment elevation

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable causes is known as ____________ hypertension.

Secondary

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

Septic

A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ___________ shock.

Septic

Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?

Septic

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

Sodium

The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

Tachycardia

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature through the body.

True

Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes.

True

The effect of nitric oxide on system arterioles is

Vasodilation

The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

reentry mechanisms

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

right-sided heart failure

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease

False

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

Antibiotics

Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately as a(n)

Communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decrease from 165/95 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Continue lifestyle modifications only

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock

Crystalloids

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

diastolic murmur

Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

Decrease left ventricular afterload

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

128/82

Pulse Pressure is defined as

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

Anaphylactic

Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

Baroreceptor activity

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinking alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure ids 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Begin anti hypertensive drug therapy

Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

Cardiac tamponade

Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?

Class I

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

Class II, Compensated Stage

A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.

False

In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with ____________.

High cardiac output

Lusitropic impairment refers to

Imapired diastolic relaxation