Week 13 US History A

Why were processing stations on Ellis Island and Angel Island established?

to verify eligibility for entry to the United States

Which is the best way to describe the steerage portion of a boat?

unhealthy

What was the major benefit of building skyscrapers?

using limited land efficiently

Which city planning innovation divided cities into functional units?

zoning laws

Why did companies begin creating distinctive logos for their products?

to gain recognition by consumers

America went through urbanization in the late nineteenth century. The number of cities and the number of people living in them greatly increased. Some migrants moved from city to city, trying to improve their fortunes and opportunities. What led to urbanization in America during the late nineteenth century?

Cities provided greater economic opportunities than rural areas.

How did advances in transportation, communication, and advertising effect American culture during the late-nineteenth century?

A mass culture developed that made consumption patterns more uniform across the country.

Transportation, advertising, and communication helped create a mass culture in which Americans became more and more alike in their consumption patterns. Newspapers and literature flourished, and public education expanded rapidly. What was Horatio Alger's role in developing a mass culture in America?

Alger wrote novels featuring characters who succeeded by hard work.

What type of programs did settlement houses run to help immigrants adapt to their new country?

Americanization programs

After 1882, which group experienced the most immigration difficulties?

Chinese immigrants

How did cities solve the problems of crime and fire?

Cities developed professional firefighting and police forces.

How did consumption patterns change in the late nineteenth century?

Department stores, ads, and catalogs became commonplace.People had more money to buy products. More people bought goods through catalogs. Ads attracted consumers to newly created department stores and encouraged buyers to purchase brand-name goods.

What was a reason why people left family farms to move to the city?

Factory work paid wages in cash, which was not always the case on farms.

Why did many rural-to-urban migrants move to the cities?

Factory work paid wages in cash.

Why did some neighborhoods and even industries come to be associated with immigrants of a particular nationality?

Immigrants tended to settle in nationality groups.

How did Frederick Law Olmstead contribute to the development of urban life?

Olmstead designed recreational spaces to make cities more beautiful.

What new sales method did Rowland H. Macy introduce in his store?

Macy organized goods for sale into departments.

Why did the "new" immigrants represent a threat to nativist Americans?

Many "new" immigrants were unskilled and poor and came to the United States alone.

How did city planners solve the public health problems posed by polluted rivers and lakes?

Planners took water from reservoirs and used filtration systems.

How did public transportation change urban areas?

Public transportation allowed for suburbs to be built.Mass transit made cities cleaner and enabled middle and upper class people to move to nearby suburbs, leaving poorer people to live in the cities.

Many early American immigrants were Protestants from northern and western Europe, or they were German and Irish Catholics. In the 1870s, a large number of "new" immigrants from southern and eastern Europe came to America. What was a difference between immigrants who arrived in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s and the "new" immigrants who began arriving in the 1870s?

The "new" immigrants were more likely to settle in cities.

What was the journey to America like for immigrants?

The journey was difficult and often dangerous, sometimes ending in death.

In what ways did Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst contribute to the creation of mass culture?

Their newspapers were filled with sensational stories designed to get the widest possible readership.

What were some characteristics of the "new" immigrants?

They came primarily from countries of eastern and southern Europe, and were often Catholic or Jewish, poor, and unskilled.

Which of the following was possible for city workers?

They could improve their standard of living.

Volunteer organizations tried to help immigrants blend into American society. Still, many immigrants held on to their traditions. Immigrants fueled industrial growth, elected politicians, and made their traditions part of American culture. Why did many new immigrants settle in cities?

They could live in ethnic neighborhoods with people who shared their culture.

Why were the "new" immigrants unable to blend into American society as easily as the "old" immigrants who had come before them?

They did not practice the same religion as most Americans.

Why did the wars and revolutions in China and eastern Europe lead to increased immigration to the United States?

They disrupted the lives of people in those regions.

Two types of factors lead to immigration. Push factors, such as persecution or no jobs, encourage people to leave their homes. Pull factors, such as economic opportunities or religious freedom, draw people to a new place. How did railroad companies help pull immigrants into the United States?

They gave immigrants the chance to buy inexpensive western farmland.

With the growth of cities came a number of problems. Cities became filthy, trash-filled, and dangerous. In response, many cities created firefighting teams and police forces. City planners began regulating housing, sanitation, and sewers. Why did most urban workers live in tenements in crowded neighborhoods?

They had to live within walking distance of the places they worked.

What effect did immigrants' fraternal lodges and religious institutions have on their lives in America?

They helped immigrants feel more comfortable in their new surroundings.

How did mass transit systems reshape America's cities?

They made it possible for wealthier people who worked in cities to live outside the city.

After 1882, what did Chinese travelers processed at Angel Island have to prove in order to gain entry into the United States?

They were American citizens or had relatives living in America.

What happened to immigrants from Europe who traveled to America in steerage?

They were sent to Ellis Island to face legal and medical inspections.

Who was Buffalo Bill?

a showman who popularized Wild West shows

Which form of recreation, that was both affordable and located within easy reach of a city, became popular among city dwellers?

amusement parks

What sport was invented by James Naismith in 1891?

basketball

What were the advantages of city life?

better opportunities for jobs and education, more entertainment options, and a higher standard of livingCities offered a wider variety of jobs for both men and women. Children had greater access to schools. More opportunities for entertainment and cultural activities were available in cities. Also, most families were able to raise their standard of living.

Why did some Americans want to restrict immigration?

fear Some feared competition from immigrants for housing, while others feared losing jobs to immigrants who would work for lower pay.

What factors contributed to mass culture?

newspapers, books, art, and public educationFactors that contributed to mass culture included newspapers with large circulations; popular books and art that Americans all over the country read or saw; and the spread of public education in which students across the nation took many of the same courses.

What problems were created by urban living?

poor housing conditions, trash, dirty water, fires, and crimeProblems included crowded and substandard housing, trash and filth in the streets, the lack of clean water, fires that swept through crowded areas, and street crime.

What two types of factors led to immigration?

push factors and pull factors Push factors for "new" immigrants included wars and political turmoil, religious persecution, and land reform that forced farmers off their land. Pull factors were religious and political freedom, plenty of work, family or friends already established here, and great expanses of land.

What was the main push factor that led eastern European Jews to immigrate to the United States?

religious persecution

Urban areas became centers for new types of entertainment. Amusement parks were built in or near cities all around the country. Baseball, horse racing, bicycle racing, boxing, and football became popular spectator sports What kind of entertainment was provided by the Chautauqua Circuit?

religious-inspired

Which of the following was the world's first, which Coney Island became the home of in 1884?

roller coaster

What kind of entertainment was offered at vaudeville shows?

songs, comedy, and drama

To meet increased demands for water, sewers, schools, and safety in the growing cities, Americans developed new technologies. Cities created different areas, or zones, for heavy industry, financial institutions, and residences. What technological innovation made the construction of skyscrapers realistic?

the development of the safety elevator

Industrialization and urbanization changed the lives of American workers. More people worked for wages, and more products were available. Department stores opened in the late 1850s and began advertising to sell their products. What led America to develop a culture of conspicuous consumerism?

the greater availability of low-cost products

Most immigrants traveled to America in the crowded and dirty lower decks of steamships. The majority of European immigrants were processed at Ellis Island. Chinese and other Asian immigrants were processed at Angel Island. What was a factor that made traveling in steerage a bad experience for many immigrants?

the rapid spread of disease through crowded cabins

What enabled middle and upper class people to move to the suburbs?

the spread of mass transit from the city to the suburbs