Week 23: Health & Wellness: Part 3

Alcohol www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-screening-counseling/index.html

*38 million adults in the US drink too much *Only 1 in 6 adults talk with their doctor about drinking *Benefits of alcohol screening and brief counseling

Depression: H&W 3.3.5

*Affects 1 in 15 adults *1 in 6 will experience depression at some point in life *Usually appears in late teens to mid-20s *Women more likely than men to experience it

Risk Factors for Depression www.psychiatry.org/members-families/depression/what-is-depression

*Biochemistry: Differences in certain chemicals in the brain may contribute to symptoms of depression. *Genetics: Depression can run in families. For ex: if one identical twin has depression, the other has a 70% chance of having the illness sometimes in life. *Personality: People with low self esteem, who are easily overwhelmed by stress, or who are genetically pessimistic appear to be more likely to experience depression *Environmental factors: Continuous exposure to violence, neglect, abuse or poverty may make some people more vulnerable to depression

Key Objectives

*Describe the importance for coaches of knowing health and wellness information *Define mental health *Define depression *Distinguish between depression and grief *Summarize the risk factors and treatment methods for depression *Define anxiety *Summarize the risk factors and treatment methods for anxiety *Describe the widespread effects of stress and the stress response *identify stress coping techniques *List the tobacco use statistics *Summarize the health effects of tobacco use & smoking cessation options *Describe the impact of substance abuse, both alcohol and prescription opioids

Early Warnings Signs of Mental Health https://www.mentalehatlh.gov/basics/what-is-mental-health

*Eating or sleeping too much or too little *Pulling away from people and usual activities *Having low or no energy *Feeling numb *Having unexplained aches and apins *Feeling helpless of hopeless *Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual *Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, on edge *Yelling or fighting with others *Mood swings *Having persistent thoughts and memories *Hearing voices or believing *Thinking of harming yourself or others *Inability to perform daily tasks

Defining Depression https://www.psychiatry.org/members-families/depression/what-is-depression

*Feeling sad *Loss of interest of pleasure in activities once enjoyed *Changes in appetite *Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much *Loss of energy or increase fatigue *Increase in purposeless physical activity *Feeling worthless or guilty *Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions *Thoughts or death or suicide

When to get Additional Help www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/copingwithstress.pdf

*Feeling sad/depressed for more than 2 weeks *Not being able to take care of yourself or family *Not being able to do your job or go to school *Alcohol or drug use *Thinking about suicide

Coping with Stress www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/CopingwithStress.pdg

*Follow a normal routine as much as possible *Take care of yourself *Talk about your feelings and accept help *Turn it off and take a break *Get out and help others

Anxiety Disorders

*Generalized Anxiety Disorder *Panic Disorder *Phobias, Specific Phobia *Agoraphobia *Social Anxiety Disorder (previously social phobis) *Separation Anxiety Disorder TO BE DIAGNOSED; *Must be out of proportion to the situation or age in appropriate *Hinder your ability to function normally

Social Isolation- The Ultimate Conclusion www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3171805/pdf/nihms313655.pdf

*Humans are wired for social connections: without social ties, distress emerges, and health fails *Social ties influence health - in part through health behavior, and this influence plays out across the life course.

Social Isolation & Social Support

*Major risk factor for health *Types of social support *Instrumental *Informational *Emotional *Connection with physiological reactions *Contribution to health habits

Treating Depression

*Medication - antidepressants might be prescribed to help modify one's brain chemistry. Full benefits may not be seen for 2-3 mos *Psychotherapy - Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in treating depression. CBT helps a person to recognize distorted thinking and then change behaviors and thinking. IN many cases, significant improvement can be made in 10-15 sessions *ECT-Electric Convulsive Therapy - with severe major depression or bipolar disorder who have not responded to other treatments. If involves a brief electrical stimulation of the brain while the member is under anesthesia. *Lifestyle changes - there are many things people can do to help reduce the symptoms of depression. Regular exercise can help create positive feelings and improve mood. Getting enough quality sleep on a regular basis, eating a healthy diet and avoiding alcohol (a depressant) can also help reduce symptoms of depression.

Smoking Health Effects www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/

*More than 10x as many US citizens have died prematurely from cigarette smoking than have died in all the wars fought by the US *Tobacco causes 90% of all lung cancer deaths *IF no one smoked, 1 of every 3cancer deaths in the US would not happen *Smokers are at greatest risk for diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels.

Widespread Effects of Stress www.apa.org/topics/stress-body

*Muscular *Respiratory *Cardiovascular *Endocrine *GI *Nervous *Reproductive

Quitting Smoking

*Prevalence in desire to quit *Large number of quit attempts *Low success rate *Programs available (see link in speaker notes)

Anxiety Risk Factors & Treatment

*Risk Factors - unknown but likely involve genetics, environment, psychological and developmental causes *Diagnosis - Doctor or Mental Health Professional *Treatment - psychotherapy and medications along with self-help, coping and managing symptoms

Stress & Emotional Wellness

*Stress can be both positive and negative *In addition to understanding major biological risk factors associated with chronic conditions, the coach should understand the most common psychosocial risk factors for chronic disease, including unmanaged stress, depression, and social isolation. The coach should recognize symptoms of depression and know how to refer for treatment. The coach also appreciates the impact of social and environmental stressors. Social determinants for health-related issues include socioeconomic status, transportation, housing access to services, discrimination by social grouping (e.g. race, gender, or class), and social or work related stressors. *Coach needs to understand coping mechanisms especially the helpful tools in managing these conditions. *Coach should be comfortable supporting a member's resilience, positive mental health, well being and flourishing

Grief/Sadness Vs. Depression www.psychiatry.org/members-families/depression/what-is-depression

*Time difference *grief feelings come and go *Depression feelings last for most of two weeks *Intense sadness & withdrawal from usual activities *Seen with both grief and depression *Self-esteem *Grief self esteem maintained *Depression - feelings of worthlessness and self loathing

Additional Takeaways for H&W Part 3: 3.3.5

*Vision of working as a team *Motivation of gaining knowledge *Not to make treatment decisions *Does build trust and increase ability to show empathy *How we see our role *To support member's health literacy and self-efficacy

Applying H&W Content 2.1.6 Adjust approach according to client's health literacy 2.8 Assist client to evaluate and integrate health informaiton

*identify what the client understands *Assist the member in finding and utilizing health and wellness resources *Assist the member in accurately evaluating and integrating health information

Stress H&W 3.3.5 Pop quiz Stress impacts which of the following body systems (choose all that apply) a muscular b respiratory c cardiovascular d endocrine e gi f nervous g reproductive

ALL

Defining Anxiety Disorders www.psychiatry.org/members-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders

Anticipation of a future concern & associated with muscle tension and avoidance behavior Anxiety can affect: *Job performance *School *Work *Personal Relationships Affect 30 % of adults In contrast fear is an emotional response to an immediate threat and is more associated with a flight or fight reactions - either staying to fight or leaving to escape danger. Anxiety disorders can cause people into try to avoid situations that trigger or worsen their symptoms. Job performance, school work and personal relationships can be affected.

Defining Mental Health: Includes emotional, psychological, & social well-being www.mentalhealth.gove/basics/what-is-mental=health

Contributing factors to mental health problems: *Biological, such as genes or brain chemistry *Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse *Family history of mental health problems

Anxiety: H&W 3.3.5 Pop quiz T or F Anxiety and fear are the same emotional response

False

Moderate (or No) Alcohol Use Substance Abuse: H&W 3.3.7

Impact of Substance Abuse *22 million people struggle with drug or alcohol problems *substances abuse has a major impact on individuals, families, and communities. The effects of substances abuse are cumulative, significantly contributing to costly social, physical, mental, and public health problems. *Substances abuse has been a flash point in the criminal justice system and a major focal point in discussions about social values. People argue over whether substance abuse is a disease with genetic and biological foundations or a matter of personal choice.

Avoiding Tobacco Use: H&W 3.3.6 www.healthy people.gove/2020/topics-objectives/topic/tobacco-use

Overview of Tobacco *Largest preventable cause of death in the US *480,000 deaths each year *16 million Americans with smoking related disease *Cost $300 billion yearly

Mental Health and Wellness https://www.mentalhealth.gove/basics/what-is-mental-health

Positive mental health allows people to: *Realize their full potential *Cope with the stresses of life *Work productively *Make meaningful contributions to their communities WAYS TO MAINTAIN POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH INCLUDE: Ways to maintain positive mental health include: *Getting professional help if you need it *Connecting with others *Staying positive *Getting physically active *Helping others *Getting enough sleep *Developing coping skills

Social Determinants'/Social Isolation: H&W 3.3.5 www.healthypeople.gove/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health

The goal is to create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Our health is also determined in part by access to social and economic opportunities: the resources & supports available in our homes, neighborhoods, and communities: the quality of our schooling; the safety of our workplaces: the cleanliness of our water, food, and air; and the nature of our social interactions and relationships. The conditions in which we live explain in part why some Americans are healthier than others and why Americans more generally are not as healthy as they could be. All Americans deserve an equal opportunity to make the choices that lead to good health. But to ensure that all Americans have that opportunity, advances are needed not only in health care but also in fields such as education, childcare, housing, business, law, media, community planning, transportation, and agriculture. Resources that enhance quality of life can have a significant influence on population health outcomes. Ex: of these resources include safe and affordable housing, access to education, public safety, availability of healthy foods, local emergency/health services, and environments free of life threatening toxins.

Prescription Opioids ww.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/opioids/prescribed.html

The most common overdose death epidemic include: *Methadone *Oxycodone(such as Oxycontin) *Hydrocodone (such as Vicodin)

Health & Wellness: Part 3 (3) Health & Wellness *3.3.5 Stress & emotional wellness *3.3.6 Avoiding tobaco use *3.3.7 Moderate or no alcohol use, substance abuse

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Depression rarely leads to physical problems and mainly impacts one's emotional states

false