week 3 hematology
Which Korotkoff sound represents systolic blood pressure in children? 1 First 2 Second 3 Fourth 4 Fifth
1 The first Korotkoff sound represents the systolic pressure in everyone. A blowing or swishing sound occurs in the second Korotkoff sound. The third Korotkoff sound involves crisper and more intense tapping sounds. The fifth Korotkoff sound is the point at which sound disappears and represents the diastolic pressure in adults and adolescents.
A client is admitted to the hospital for surgery for rectosigmoid colon cancer, and the nurse is obtaining a health history as part of the admission process. What clinical findings associated with rectosigmoid colon cancer does the nurse expect the client to report? Select all that apply. Correct1 Feeling tired Correct2 Rectal bleeding 3 Inability to digest fat Correct4 Change in the shape of stools Correct5 Feeling of abdominal bloating
1,2,4,5 Anemia may manifest as fatigue, feeling tired, and/or generalized weakness. Anemia is common with rectosigmoid colon cancer from the loss of blood rectally. Passage of red blood (hematochezia) is one of the cardinal signs of rectosigmoid colon cancer; ulceration of the tumor and straining to pass stool precipitate this clinical finding. A cancerous mass can grow into the lumen of the sigmoid colon, altering the shape of stool; stools may be ribbonlike or pencil thin. Tumors in the rectosigmoid colon cause partial and eventually complete obstruction of the intestinal lumen. Stool in the descending and sigmoid colon is more formed, and thus straining to pass stools, gas pains, cramping, and incomplete evacuation commonly occur. An inability to digest fat is not specific to rectosigmoid colon cancer.
The laboratory results of a client with a pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis reveal the presence of IgG antibodies. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction should a nurse suspect? 1 Cytotoxic reaction 2 Immediate reaction 3Immune-complex reaction 4Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
1-A client with a pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis with deposits of IgG antibodies in the lungs and kidneys may have Goodpasture's syndrome. This reaction is a type 2 cytotoxic reaction that involves the lungs and kidneys. Immediate reactions are type 1 hypersensitivity reactions that include IgE antibody reactions. Immune-complex reactions such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are type 3 hypersensitivity reactions that include IgG and IgM antibodies. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are type 4 reactions that involve cytokine and cytotoxic T-cell mediated immunity.
During the progressive stage of shock, anaerobic metabolism occurs. The nurse expects that initially the anaerobic metabolism will cause what? Correct1 Metabolic acidosis 2 Metabolic alkalosis 3 Respiratory acidosis 4 Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis occurs during the progressive stage of shock as a result of accumulated lactic acid. Metabolic alkalosis cannot occur with the buildup of lactic acid. Eventually respiratory acidosis can result from decreased respiratory function in late shock, further compounding metabolic acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis may occur as a result of hyperventilation during early shock.
