Western civ. chapter 2 quiz

This image depicts Judean captives being impaled on stakes by a conquering army. Which written passage describes a similar situation?

"... I slew multitudes of his men, and him I smote five times with the point of my javelin, with wounds, no recovery."

Match each Iron Age society with one of its major accomplishments.

-monotheistic religion without the support of state power = Hebrews -precious-metal coinage to facilitate trade = Lydians -the extensive library at Ninevah = Neo-Assyrians -a simplified alphabet to facilitate trade = Phoenicians

Put these developments in the history of the Hebrews in the correct chronological order.

1. David established a Hebrew kingdom with its capital at Jerusalem and supported the worship of Yahweh. 2. Solomon built a temple in Jerusalem and expanded trade, but his oppressive rule led to the breakup of the kingdom. 3. The Neo-Assyrians destroyed the kingdom of Israel and controlled the kingdom of Judah. 4. Hebrew prophets and rulers rejected Neo-Assyrian beliefs and promoted the worship of Yahweh. 5. During the Babylonian Captivity, Hebrew beliefs developed into Judaism.

Which statement is most believable, based on transnational trade networks of the Bronze Age?

People in the Nile Delta and the coastal Eastern Mediterranean would have recognized this as Minoan artwork

The Greek name for one of the Phoenician cities was Byblos. Why are modern words like Bible and bibliography based on the name of this ancient city?

Byblos was associated with books and writing because it was the center of the Egyptian papyrus trade

Which groups or individuals developed and championed forms of monotheism?

Correct: -Judeans during the Babylonian Captivity -Zarathustra and early Zoroastrian Persians Incorrect: -Neo-Assyrians -Mycenaeans and Minoans

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about trade-related developments in the Mediterranean region.

During the Bronze Age, inhabitants of >Ugarit< developed a new thirty-character writing system. It was >easy to learn< and more flexible than cuneiform, making it ideal for merchants. Around 1100 B.C.E., the >Phoenicians< improved this >alphabet< and extended its use throughout the Mediterranean region.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing Bronze Age diplomatic practices.

Equally powerful leaders referred to each other as >brother< in written communication. They also exchanged >gifts< and strengthened alliances through >marriage<. These ties were enhanced by regional >trade< networks.

Hebrew monotheism developed without any support from political leaders.

False

The late Bronze Age was a period of increasing regional warfare and decreasing regional trade.

False

Which invaders took control of Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period (1650 to 1550 B.C.E.)?

Hyksos

How did Zoroastrianism differ from most other ancient religions?

It was a personal belief system that promoted individual ethical behavior.

By comparison to their treatment of other conquered peoples, which statement best describes the Neo-Assyrian conquest of the kingdom of Israel?

It was equally violent and destructive as other conquests

What was the name of the Nubian kingdom, located south of Egypt?

Kush

Which of these polities was a thalassocracy?

Minoan Crete

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about Mycenaean Greece.

Modern research suggests that >Indo-European< migrants settled Greece around the turn of the >second< millennium. The society they established showed Near Eastern influences, including massive >citadels< and their impractical use of >chariots<, which were unsuited to Greece's hilly terrain.

Compare New Kingdom Egypt to earlier periods in Egyptian history.

One major development of New Kingdom Egypt was its >imperial expansion<. In addition to conquest, Egyptian leaders engaged in >diplomacy< with other regional powers. Internally, this gave rise to a class of >warrior aristocrats< who acquired land and slaves in war. This success also increased the power of >priests and temples<.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the Mediterranean region during the Bronze Age.

Researchers have determined that >Linear A<, the Minoan writing system, is related to Linear B, the >Mycenaean< writing system. This relationship suggests that >mainland Greece< traded and interacted extensively with the Minoan >thalassocracy<. In addition to exchanging goods, Mediterranean trade networks transmitted >intellectual developments<.

Why was Tutankhaten's name changed to Tutankhamun?

The change reflected the revived power of the priesthood of Amon

How did Egyptian military conquests affect the priestly class in Egypt?

They became wealthy and powerful because temples received so much looted wealth.

What was the position of Assyrians in Mesopotamia around 1900 B.C.E.?

They managed regional trade networks and allied with local rulers

During the Iron Age, many Mediterranean societies began making tools and weapons out of iron, instead of using bronze.

True

Homer's Iliad, which was once thought to be entirely fictional, is actually a poetic account of conflict in Mycenaean Greece.

True

Judaism was born during the period of the Babylonian Captivity.

True

Which statement best illustrates henotheism?

Your gods exist, but they are all weaker than my god and you should worship my god.

Consider these selections from the Inscription of Queen [Hatshepsut] from the Great Obelisk of Karnak. Which passage includes mixed gender references, like the iconography of the image?

[Amon's] living image, the Queen of the South and of the North, she hath made this as a monument to her father Amon.

Initially, there was an altar to this goddess, Asherah, in the Hebrew Temple in Jerusalem. Eventually, however, altars to gods other than Yahweh were removed. What does this change demonstrate?

the shift from monolatry to monotheism

The authors refer to Egyptian iconography with regard to both Hatshepsut and Akhenaten. What is Egyptian iconography?

visual images that were commonly used in Egyptian art

Match each kingdom or empire with the time period during which it flourished.

~1000-725 B.C.E. = Hebrew kingdoms ~860-620 B.C.E. = Neo-Assyrian Empire ~530-330 B.C.E. = Persian Empire

Match each area on the map with the people who controlled it around 1400 B.C.E.

-Lower Egypt=Egyptians -Asia=Hittites -Greece=Mycenaeans -Euphrates River=Mitannians -Babylonia=Kassites

Match each Bronze Age civilization to its identifying characteristic.

-These people built a complex society based on maritime trade. = Minoans -These Indo-European conquerors built a kingdom in Anatolia and adopted the use of cuneiform to record laws. = Hittites -These invaders claimed to be legitimate pharaohs in Egypt. = Hyksos -These invaders were known for their war chariots and their use of horse-mounted cavalry. = Mitannians

Match each pharaoh with his or her description.

-extended trade, supported the arts, and had the first tomb constructed in the Valley of the Kings = Hatshepsut -challenged the priests of Amon by advocating a nearly monotheistic faith = Akhenaten -established the Nineteenth Dynasty shortly after the death of Tutankhamun = Ramses -extended Egyptian territory from Nubia to the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia = Thutmose

Put these developments in Egyptian history in order from earliest to most recent.

1. The Hyksos took control of Lower Egypt, beginning the Second Intermediate Period. 2. Egyptians drove out the invaders and Ahmose founded the Eighteenth Dynasty. 3. Egypt gained control of Nubian gold mines and territory in the eastern Mediterranean. 4. Akhenaten advocated new religious ideas that challenged the power of the priests. 5. A new dynasty was founded by a military general.

How were Zoroastrianism and Judaism similar to one another?

Correct: -Both worshipped deities who demanded ethical behavior from their adherents. -Both maintained some independence from state power. Incorrect: -Both religions adopted the Neo-Assyrian god, Assur. -Both taught that Ahriman was the source of bad deeds in the world.

"Marduk, the great lord ... ordered [Cyrus] to march against ... Babylon. He made him set out on the road to Babylon, going at his side like a real friend. His widespread troops ... strolled along, their weapons packed away. Without any battle, he made them enter ... Babylon, sparing Babylon any calamity. ... Happily [the people of Babylon] greeted him as a master through whose help they had come (again) to life from death (and) had all been spared damage and disaster. ..." Based on this passage about him, how was King Cyrus of Persia viewed in Persia?

Correct: -Cyrus had divine support. -Babylonians were happy to see Cyrus. Incorrect: -Cyrus did not understand military strategy. -The Persian Empire fell because of Cyrus's leadership.

Judaism developed out of the Hebrew cult of Yahweh. Identify the beliefs and practices of the Yahwists in the eighth century B.C.E., before the Babylonian Captivity.

Correct: -God is transcendent; He exists outside of nature and does not resemble a human being. -People who worshipped Yahweh followed certain rules, like circumcision and dietary laws. Incorrect: -Worship of Yahweh is independent of any government or territory. -Yahweh demanded peace and nonviolence from His people in all situations.

How did Akhenaten's practices differ from practices of other pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty?

Correct: -He had himself depicted as a family man, not a living god. -He developed new religious ideas that leaned toward monotheism. Incorrect: -He was unusually aggressive in his military conquests. -He closely aligned himself with powerful priests.

Which two groups of people are strongly associated with extensive Bronze Age trade networks?

Correct: -Minoans -Assyrians Incorrect: -Hebrews -Philistines

How did the invasion of the Sea Peoples affect the Mediterranean region?

Correct: -Regional trade networks were severely disrupted. -Many cities in the region were depopulated or destroyed. Incorrect: -The Sea Peoples brought about the end of the New Kingdom in Egypt. -The Sea Peoples established a centralized regional empire.

How did Neo-Assyrian conquerors show the triumph of their own god over the deities of conquered populations?

Correct: -They forced conquered peoples to worship an image of Assur. -They took statues of conquered peoples' deities and held them hostage. Incorrect: -They ate baked goods in the shape of conquered peoples' gods. -They required conquered peoples to deny the existence of their gods.

How did the invasion of the Sea Peoples affect Mediterranean trade networks?

Correct: -Trade declined throughout Mesopotamia. -Greece became economically and politically isolated. Incorrect: -The Hittite Empire expanded its control over merchants. -The luxurious cities of the Philistines were devastated.

Migration brought new languages to many regions. Identify the languages that were part of the Indo-European language family.

Correct: -ancient Greek -Celtic languages -Old Persian Incorrect: -Hebrew

Which Bronze Age artifacts are evidence of regional interconnectedness?

Correct: -letters between leaders, like the one from Hattusilis III -tablets written in Linear A and Linear B writing systems Incorrect: -images of Queen Nefertiti, showing her with both male and female features -the Ishtar Gate, from the walls of Babylon

Which statements accurately describe the Philistines?

Correct: -origin of the modern word Palestine -descendants of the Sea Peoples Incorrect: -allied with the Hebrews to form the kingdoms of Israel and Judah -citadels were like Minoan palaces

What tools did the Persian government use to effectively govern the vast Persian Empire?

Correct: -roads, canals, and a postal system -a system of provinces and an organized bureaucracy Incorrect: -high taxes and martial law -standardized religious practices