Western Civilization Final Ques.

The curia was the

papal bureaucracy and court of law.

In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on all of the following issues except

the heresy of priests who preached messages contrary to church doctrine.

The hagiographies popular in the late Middle Ages

told the lives of saints based on myths, legends, and popular stories.

How did Europeans in the High Middle Ages typically understand disease?

Disease was an imbalance in the bodily humors of an individual.

What was the most important priviledge held by medieval townspeople?

After living in a town for a year and a day, an individual became free of servile status and obligations.

How did Charlemagne attempt to maintain control over local authorities?

Charlemagne appointed officials who checked up on local officials and held courts to handle judicial and financial issues.

How were the consequences of the "little ice age" experienced in Europe?

Economic disruptions in one region had serious implications for its trading partners in other, distant regions.

How did families provide for the space needed in cities as families and businesses expanded?

Families added second and third stories to their houses that jutted out over the ground floor.

Which of the following best identifies the term "race" in the Renaissance?

Groupings of people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors

How did the understanding of criminal activity change from the early to High Middle Ages?

In the early Middle Ages major crimes were understood as acts against individuals, while in the High Middle Ages suspects were punished for acting against the public interest.

How did the rights of Islamic women in the Middle Ages compare to the rights of Christian women in Europe?

Islamic women retained greater control over their property than did Christian women.

Why was women's work less valued and less compensated than men's work?

It was understood that a woman was either married or to be married and, therefore, not responsible for supporting a family.

The Spanish conversos were

Jewish Christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business.

During the Crusades, Jews suffered all of the following persecutions except

Jews were forbidden to lend money at interest.

Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriage in divorce?

Protestants viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community.

Why did Pope Leo III believe that he could crown Charlemagne as Roman Emperor?

The Byzantine emperor was a woman, and Leo did not recognize her as a legitimate ruler.

How did the English induce panic among the French troops at the Battle of Crecy?

The English use of the longbow sent a torrent of arrows into the French, followed by artillery from the ring of cannons.

Which of the following best characterizes the general attitude toward the abandonment of children in the High Middle Ages?

The abandonment of children was socially acceptable, and the church and civil authorities did not legislate against it.

The monastic revival of the High Middle Ages was linked with what other movement?

The expansion of papal authority

The Statute of Kilkenny attempted to

maintain the ethnic purity of the English living in Ireland by preventing intermarriage or cultural assimilation

How did the choice to embrace or reject the Reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire?

The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms.

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the

Thirty Years' War