Western Civilization I - Practice Test 1
All of the following were influenced by the artistic legacy of the Renaissance EXCEPT A. Giotto. B. El Greco. C. Velazquez. D. Rembrandt. E. Rubens.
A. Giotto.
Which is true of Richard I the Lion-Hearted (1189-1199) during the Third Crusade? A. He captured the coastal city of Acre and executed Muslim prisoners of war. B. He was the first king to lead a crusade. C. He invaded Egypt. D. He founded the crusader kingdom of Jerusalem. E. He persuaded Venetian forces to seize Constantinople.
A. He captured the coastal city of Acre and executed Muslim prisoners of war.
The building shown above is the A. Parthenon in Athens. B. Pantheon in Rome. C. theater of Epidauros. D. royal tomb in Mycenae. E. palace of Knossos in Crete.
A. Parthenon in Athens.
All of the following Greek philosophers are known as Pre-Socratics EXCEPT A. Plato. B. Pythagoras. C. Heraclitus. D. Empedocles. E. Thales of Miletus.
A. Plato.
"His rise to fame and fortune was based on his service as a privateer. He claimed part of the American west coast for his native land and was hailed as the first of his countrymen to circumnavigate the globe. In return for his service, he was knighted by his monarch aboard his flagship." Who is the individual described above? A. Ferdinand Magellan B. Francis Drake C. Henry Hudson D. John Cabot E. John Hawkins
B. Francis Drake
The city of Rome was attacked by all of the following groups EXCEPT A. Gauls. B. Huns. C. Saracens. D. Vandals. E. Visigoths.
B. Huns.
The religion of the Sumerians, with its gloomy view of the afterlife and its pantheon of capricious gods, is most fully described in which of the following ancient texts? A. The Book of the Dead B. The Epic of Gilgamesh C. The Hebrew Bible D. Homer's Iliad E. The Letters of Akhenaton
B. The Epic of Gilgamesh
Which of the following Roman emperors did NOT persecute Christians? A. Decius B. Tiberius C. Diocletian D. Marcus Aurelius E. Nero
B. Tiberius
The ziggurat was A. a kind of royal palace. B. a kind of Mesopotamian temple. C. a particularly effective Assyrian siege engine. D. a swift Phoenician cargo ship. E. an administrative district in Egypt.
B. a kind of Mesopotamian temple.
The Gracchi attempted to reform the Roman Republic through all of the following measures EXCEPT A. the extension of Roman citizenship to the Italian allies. B. the reform of the legions. C. the sale of state-subsidized grain to the poor. D. land redistribution. E. the transfer of jury duty from the senators to members of the equestrian class.
B. the reform of the legions.
Which of the following territories was NOT part of the Angevin Empire under Henry II Plantagenet (1154-1189)? A. County of Anjou B. Duchy of Normandy C. Duchy of Saxony D. Duchy of Aquitaine E. Kingdom of England
C. Duchy of Saxony
Which of the following was NOT one of the achievements of Charlemagne? A. He conquered the Saxons and forced them to convert to Christianity. B. He seized territory in Spain from the Muslims. C. He crowned himself emperor. D. He defeated the Lombards in Italy and made their kingdom his own. E. He gathered scholars from all over Latin Christendom to make his court an international center of learning.
C. He crowned himself emperor.
question 34 start reading again Which of the following eastern European peoples were finally converted from paganism to Christianity in the fourteenth century, when their leader strengthened his realm by marrying the Catholic queen of a neighboring state? A. Czechs B. Poles C. Lithuanians D. Slovaks E. Russians
C. Lithuanians
Protestants established a lasting presence during the sixteenth century in all of the following EXCEPT A. the Holy Roman Empire. B. the Netherlands. C. Spain. D. France. E. England.
C. Spain.
The text that best demonstrates the influence of the Latin classics on the European imagination before the Renaissance is A. Lancelot, by Chretien de Troyes. B. Parzival, by Wolfram von Eschenbach. C. The Inferno, by Dante Alighieri. D. The Romance of the Rose, by Guillaume de Lorris. E. Tristan and Isolt, by Gottfried von Strassburg.
C. The Inferno, by Dante Alighieri.
The artistic piece shown above is A. an Islamic wall-hanging. B. a Gothic miniature. C. a Celtic illumination. D. a Persian rug. E. a Turkish tapestry.
C. a Celtic illumination.
The sculpture shown below represents A. a Hittite emperor and his concubine. B. a Hebrew king and his queen. C. an Egyptian pharaoh and his queen. D. Alexander the Great and his Persian wife. E. Nebuchadnezzar and his Median wife.
C. an Egyptian pharaoh and his queen.
The Peloponnesian League was A. an alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens whose transformation into the Athenian Empire precipitated the Peloponnesian War. B. an alliance of Greek city-states during the Hellenistic period. C. an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta. D. a commercial consortium of Greek city-states organized to promote overseas colonization. E. a commercial consortium of Phoenician city-states organized to promote overseas colonization.
C. an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta.
The English statesman Francis Bacon (1561-1626) aided the rise of modern science A. by establishing a laboratory in which he conducted sophisticated experiments. B. by arguing that the natural world is best studied using the deductive method of reasoning. C. by encouraging the inductive method for the study of nature. D. by rejecting the empirical method. E. by winning Parliament's support for the foundation of the RoyalSociety.
C. by encouraging the inductive method for the study of nature.
During the period of the late Merovingians, the most powerful office in the Frankish realm was that of the A. seneschal. B. constable. C. mayor of the palace. D. emperor. E. king.
C. mayor of the palace.
All of the following measures were tried by ancient Athens to prevent violent revolution within the polis EXCEPT A. constitutional reform. B. the cancellation of debts. C. the redistribution of land. D. colonization. E. tyranny.
C. the redistribution of land.
The Iliad of Homer is an epic poem based on A. the Dorian invasion of Greece. B. a tragic play by Aeschylus. C. the war against Troy waged by the Mycenaeans. D. the wars between Athens and Sparta. E. the wars between Greece and Persia.
C. the war against Troy waged by the Mycenaeans.
"His father had been the governor of Britain. From his base there, he defeated his rivals in battle until finally his claim to the imperial throne was undisputed. Although he had worshiped the Persian god Mithras in his youth, he converted to Christianity and was baptized on his deathbed. He founded a new city in the east to serve as the capital of the Roman Empire." Who was the emperor described above? A. Diocletian B. Decius C. Marcus Aurelius D. Constantine E. Claudius
D. Constantine
The strongest monarchy during the twelfth century was A. Germany. B. Italy. C. Spain. D. England. E. France.
D. England.
The sarcophagus shown above was produced by which of the following ancient peoples? A. Greeks B. Assyrians C. Celts D. Etruscans E. Romans
D. Etruscans
The table below shows the number of households that were taxed in a district of France in a given year (at ten-year intervals). A. European population grew steadily until the Black Death struck. B. the greatest population decline in Europe during the thirteenth century was due to famines caused by widespread crop failures. C. European agriculture had reached the limits of its ability to support its population during the thirteenth century. D. European population declined or was stagnating before the Black Death struck. E. tax-records do not correspond to events described in historical
D. European population declined or was stagnating before the Black Death struck.
The system of writing developed in Greece after the Dark Age (c.1100-800 B.C.E.), was based directly on A. a Minoan syllabary. B. the Roman alphabet .C. the Etruscan alphabet. D. the Phoenician alphabet. E. Sumerian cuneiform.
D. the Phoenician alphabet.
All of the following features of civilization were present in the Fertile Crescent around the year 3000 B.C.E. EXCEPT A. bronze-working. B. irrigation. C. writing. D. the alphabet. E. the wheel.
D. the alphabet.
All of the following were motivations for Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) to sponsor voyages of discovery EXCEPT A. to acquire accurate geographical information about Africa. B. to find the kingdom of a legendary Christian ally, Prester John. C. to outflank the Muslims by converting lands they had not yet reached. D. to find gold and stimulate trade. E. to prevent the Portuguese from dominating newly discovered lands.
E. to prevent the Portuguese from dominating newly discovered lands.
Which of the following did Pope Gregory I (590-604) NOT do? A. Acknowledge the spiritual primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople. B. Send missionaries to England. C. Defend Rome from barbarians through diplomacy. D. Promote Benedictine monasticism. E. Feed the poor of Rome.
A. Acknowledge the spiritual primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople.
The cause of ecclesiastical reform in western Europe before the twelfth A. Cluniacs. B. Jesuits. C. Franciscans. D. Dominicans. E. Merovingians.
A. Cluniacs.
The emperor who tried to restore Roman stability after the Pax Romana by dividing the Empire into four prefectures and twelve dioceses was A. Diocletian. B. Claudius. C. Decius. D. Constantine. E. Hadrian.
A. Diocletian.
"His father had wanted him to become a lawyer, but he eventually abandoned the study of law and turned to classical literature. Though he wrote extensively in Latin, which he sought to restore to its classical style, his more popular literary achievements consisted of his vernacular poetry." Who is the individual described above? A. Francesco Petrarch B. Peter Abelard C. Paracelsus D. Baldassare Castiglione E. Marsilius of Padua
A. Francesco Petrarch
Which of the following authors wrote satirical works during the French Renaissance which were notorious for their coarse and earthy sense of humor? A. François Rabelais B. Jean Bodin C. Baldassare Castiglione D. Michel de Montaigne E. Catherine de' Medici
A. François Rabelais
The sculpture presented below is characteristic of what kind of art? A. Hellenistic B. Classical Greek C. Classical Roman D. Renaissance Italian E. Etruscan
A. Hellenistic
The triumphal arch shown above was built by which of the following ancient peoples? A. Romans B. Persians C. Macedonians D. Minoans E. Greeks
A. Romans
Who was the author of a book entitled Utopia (1516) about an ideal society? A. Thomas More B. Miguel de Cervantes C. Desiderius Erasmus D. Martin Luther E. Andreas Vesalius
A. Thomas More
The pyramids in Egypt provide evidence of all of the following EXCEPT A. ancient techniques of harnessing the flooding of the Nile for agriculture. B. belief in an afterlife among the ancient Egyptians. C. the sophistication of ancient Egyptian engineering. D. the great power of Egyptian kings to mobilize laborers in the service of the royal family. E. the exceptional size and splendor of the building projects organized by the Fourth Dynasty.
A. ancient techniques of harnessing the flooding of the Nile for agriculture.
All of the following contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic during the first century B.C.E. EXCEPT A. invasions by tribes of Germanic barbarians. B. the desire of wealthy citizens to expand their own power at the expense of the government. C. the institution of clientage. D. the unwillingness of the Senate to enact political reforms. E. the professionalization of the army.
A. invasions by tribes of Germanic barbarians.
Martin Luther's outspoken opposition to the Roman Catholic Church was an immediate response to A. the sale of indulgences to fund the building of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. B. his visit to Rome, where he saw the worldliness of the papacy. C. the call of several German princes for a national church independent of Rome. D. the execution of the religious reformer John Huss. E. the theological works of John Calvin.
A. the sale of indulgences to fund the building of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
The traditional date for the schism between the Greek and Latin churches is A. 395. B. 1054. C. 1204. D. 1378. E. 1417.
B. 1054.
The central, domed structure shown above was built by the A. Turks. B. Byzantines. C. Arabs. D. Mongols. E. Ostrogoths.
B. Byzantines.
The Frankish barbarians converted to Catholic Christianity during the reign of the Merovingian king named A. Pepin the Short. B. Clovis. C. Charles Martel. D. Merovech. E. Gregory of Tours.
B. Clovis.
The entire Greek world was conquered, and thus unified, for the first time by A. Rome. B. Macedon. C. Persia. D. Athens. E. Phoenicia.
B. Macedon.
The ancient Greeks living around the year 500 B.C.E. honored all of the following gods in public festivals EXCEPT A. Dionysos. B. Mithras. C. Zeus. D. Athena. E. Apollo.
B. Mithras.
During the Middle Ages, Constantinople was attacked by all of the following EXCEPT A. Arabs. B. Mongols. C. Turks. D. Vikings. E. Christians.
B. Mongols.
"He was renowned as a charismatic teacher, and his decision to lecture on theology in Paris added to its reputation as a center of learning. He agreed to tutor a young woman of keen intelligence; they had a love affair with disastrous consequences, and in repentance he became a monk. Other monks considered his theology heretical, and he died shortly after a condemnation of his teaching." The passage above describes the career of A. Anselm of Canterbury. B. Peter Abelard. C. Thomas Aquinas. D. Nicholas of Cusa. E. Bernard of Clairvaux.
B. Peter Abelard.
Which of the following beliefs is NOT consistent with the economic policy known as mercantilism, which was prevalent in early modern Europe? A. A nation's wealth is defined primarily by its possession of precious metals. B. Tolls should be used within a nation to raise government revenue. C. Tariffs should be used to limit imports. D. Colonies should be founded as a source of precious metals and raw materials. E. Government regulation of commerce is good for a nation.
B. Tolls should be used within a nation to raise government revenue.
William the Silent was A. a leader in the English struggle against the Stuart kings. B. a leader in the Dutch struggle for independence. C. a crusader against the Ottoman Turks. D. a Holy Roman Emperor who opposed the Protestant Reformation. E. the founder of a new monastic order during the Catholic Reformation.
B. a leader in the Dutch struggle for independence.
The Renaissance philosopher Jean Bodin (1530-1596) strongly supported A. the Holy Roman Empire. B. royal absolutism. C. the economic policies of the physiocrats. D. the idea of democracy. E. the papacy's right to exercise broad temporal powers over kings.
B. royal absolutism.
"The territories he ruled surpassed those of Charlemagne, but his control of them was frequently challenged. As a consequence, he fought numerous wars, both against rival states and his own subjects. In the end he abdicated and retired to a monastery, where he soon died." The individual described above is A. Pope Julius II. B. the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. C. the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II. D. the King of France, Francis I. E. the King of England, Henry VIII.
B. the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.
Spain was established as a centralized monarchy in the fifteenth century A. when the Spanish princes decided to band together against the common threat of Islam. B. through the marriage of the rulers who governed the two largest states in the Iberian peninsula. C. as a result of a border war against France. D. at the command of the Holy Roman Emperor. E. by papal decree.
B. through the marriage of the rulers who governed the two largest states in the Iberian peninsula.
Philip II (1556-1598) assembled the Spanish Armada for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. to invade England. B. to challenge Dutch naval superiority. C. to punish England for aiding the Dutch. D. to restore Catholicism in England. E. to depose Elizabeth I
B. to challenge Dutch naval superiority.
All of the following were Renaissance humanists EXCEPT A. Marsilio Ficino. B. Coluccio Salutati. C. Girolamo Savonarola. D. Lorenzo Valla. E. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.
C. Girolamo Savonarola.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of Pericles (c. 495-429 B.C.E.)? A. He was frequently elected general by the people. B. He led the imperialistic expansion of Athens. C. He was an aristocrat who tried to restore oligarchy. D. He hired the sculptor Phidias for his building program of the Acropolis. E. He used tribute from the Delian League to fund artistic endeavors in Athens.
C. He was an aristocrat who tried to restore oligarchy.
"Paris is worth a Mass."The statement above was made by A. Catherine de'Medici. B. Cardinal Richelieu. C. Henry of Navarre. D. Nicole Oresme. E. Philip the Fair.
C. Henry of Navarre.
An artist of the northern Renaissance whose paintings show a preoccupation with grotesque and fantastic subjects in nightmarish scenes of great complexity was A. Robert Campin. B. Albrecht Dürer. C. Hieronymus Bosch. D. Jan van Eyck. E. Hans Holbein.
C. Hieronymus Bosch.
Which of the following was responsible for the execution of the Spanish religious dissident, Michael Serverus (1511-1553)? A. Ignatius of Loyola B. Tomas de Torquemada C. John Calvin D. Martin Luther
C. John Calvin
The First Triumvirate is the name given to an informal alliance in Late Republican Rome between Pompey, Crassus, and A. Lepidus. B. Mark Antony. C. Julius Caesar. D. Octavian. E. Sulla.
C. Julius Caesar.
"He was an architect, a sculptor, a painter, and a poet. The favored subject of his art was the muscular male nude. Tormented by his own genius, he left many works unfinished. Perhaps his most influential legacy was the force of his personality, whose temperamental, brooding character defined the image of the new artist for later generations." The individual described above is A. Lorenzo de' Medici. B. Thomas a Kempis. C. Michelangelo Buonarroti. D. Johann Reuchlin. E. Leonardo Bruni.
C. Michelangelo Buonarroti.
The western half of the Roman Empire came to an end in 476 C.E. when the last emperor in the West was deposed by A. Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths. B. Alaric, king of the Visigoths. C. Odoacer, a Gothic chieftain. D. Attila the Hun. E. Gaiseric, king of the Vandals.
C. Odoacer, a Gothic chieftain.
All of the following were involved in the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) EXCEPT A. Henry V of England. B. Philip the Good of Burgundy. C. Otto III of Germany. D. Charles VII of France. E. Joan of Arc.
C. Otto III of Germany.
All of the following were Greek poets EXCEPT A. Archilochus. B. Pindar. C. Ovid. D. Hesiod. E. Sappho of Lesbos.
C. Ovid.
The largest of the empires of the ancient Near East, which was conquered by Alexander the Great (336-323 B.C.E.), was ruled by the A. Assyrians. B. Hittites. C. Persians. D. Neo-Babylonians. E. Sumerians.
C. Persians.
Which of the following best explains why the capital of the Roman Empire was eventually moved to the east? A. The crowding and high unemployment in Rome caused so much instability that the emperors were constantly in fear of revolution. B. The sack of Rome by the Gauls convinced the Romans that the city could not serve as an effective center of a great empire. C. The increasingly frequent threats to the northern and eastern borders, as well as the greater wealth of the eastern provinces, made the east attractive as a more effective administrative location. D. The sack of Rome by the Visigoths proved that the original capital was no longer defensible. E. The spread of latifundia, which were worked by slaves captured in the wars of conquest, sparked a series of revolts that made Rome too unstable to serve as the capital any longer.
C. The increasingly frequent threats to the northern and eastern borders, as well as the greater wealth of the eastern provinces, made the east attractive as a more effective administrative location.
All of the following explorers and colonialists were sponsored by Spain EXCEPT A. Ferdinand Magellan. B. Hernando de Soto. C. Vasco da Gama. D. Hernando Cortez. E. Francisco Pizarro.
C. Vasco da Gama.
Which of the following occupations did NOT fit into the medieval conception of society described by the phrase "those who fight, those who pray, those who work"? A. knights B. monks C. merchants D. priests E. serfs
C. merchants
Socrates (469-399 B.C.E.) and Jesus of Nazareth (c. 4 B.C.E.-30 C.E.) shared all of the following in common EXCEPT A. they did not write any books .B. they urged their listeners to lead moral lives and embrace the cause of justice. C. they tried to reform morals by providing a detailed outline of the ideal government. D. they were executed at the command of the governments under which they lived. E. they believed in the immortality of the soul.
C. they tried to reform morals by providing a detailed outline of the ideal government.
Sargon of Akkad (c. 2371-2316 B.C.E.) is best known for A. establishing the art of writing among the Sumerians. B. spreading monotheism in Egypt. C. unifying Mesopotamia by conquering the Sumerian city-states and creating a vast empire. D. bringing peace to the ancient Near East by sponsoring a treaty between the Babylonians and the Kassites. E. freeing the Hebrews from exile in the Babylonian Empire.
C. unifying Mesopotamia by conquering the Sumerian city-states and creating a vast empire.
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Fourth Crusade? A. Feudal states were established in Greece. B. The patriarch of Constantinople attended the Fourth Lateran Council. C. Works of Byzantine art were sent to Italy. D. A legacy of ill will was engendered between Muslims and Christians. E. The Venetians acquired a monopoly on Byzantine trade.
D. A legacy of ill will was engendered between Muslims and Christians.
The most widely read philosopher in the medieval universities was A. Plotinus. B. Maimonides. C. Averroes. D. Aristotle. E. Plato.
D. Aristotle.
"Moreover, I think Carthage must be destroyed."This remark, frequently repeated at the end of his speeches in the Senate, was said by A. Julius Caesar, to win support for his war against the Gauls. B. Augustus Caesar, to win support for his war against the Germans. C. Marius, to win support for the Jugurthine war. D. Cato the Elder, to win support for the Third Punic War. E. Scipio the Elder, to win support for the Second Punic War.
D. Cato the Elder, to win support for the Third Punic War.
All of the following are true of the Athenian political reformer Solon EXCEPT A. He divided citizens into four classes based on their wealth. B. He wrote poetry. C. He canceled the debts of impoverished citizens. D. He established a Council of 500 members. E. He restored freedom to citizens who had been sold into slavery.
D. He established a Council of 500 members.
Which of the following is NOT true of Roman Law? A. It was influenced by Stoic philosophy. B. It was influenced by the concept of natural law. C. It was formulated in authoritative manuals toward the end of the Pax Romana, from the second to the early third century C.E. D. It first received a written form during the reign of Augustus Caesar (27 B.C.E.-14 C.E.). E. The emperor Justinian (527-565 C.E.) commissioned the codification of earlier law codes in an immense work known as the Corpus Juris Civilis.
D. It first received a written form during the reign of Augustus Caesar (27 B.C.E.-14 C.E.).
Which of the following is NOT true of the Carolingian Renaissance? A. It brought scholars from all over Western Europe to study at the court of Charlemagne. B. It founded schools to train clerics. C. It promoted a simplified script, which forms the basis of the modern printed alphabet. D. It promoted Greek as the common language of the Frankish empire. E. It preserved much of the classical literature of the pagans through the copying of manuscripts.
D. It promoted Greek as the common language of the Frankish empire.
Which of the following was true of ancient Greek tyranny? A. It was never tolerated by any of the citizens of a polis. B. It was synonymous with cruelty and oppression. C. It was the form of government in Sparta. D. It sometimes benefited a polis by preventing anarchy. E. The philosopher Aristotle considered it an acceptable form of government.
D. It sometimes benefited a polis by preventing anarchy.
"As a young man he served in the military during the Thirty Years' War. However, mathematics was his passion, and his contribution to geometry endures to this day. He is most famous, however, for three Latin words that serve as the foundation for his philosophical system: Cogito, ergo sum." The thinker described above is A. Miguel de Cervantes. B. Tycho Brahe. C. Blaise Pascal. D. René Descartes. E. Francis Bacon.
D. René Descartes.
"At first an unremarkable pastoral society, the people of this city-state expelled their kings early in their history and established a form of government consisting of elected public offices. Its domination by a few wealthy families led to tumultuous periods of class struggle. The society's favorable geographical position, in combination with the development of an innovative form of military organization and a toughminded refusal to be discouraged by setbacks, enabled it to take a dominant role in international politics." The society described above was that of the A. Carthaginians. B. Athenians. C. Etruscans. D. Romans. E. Gauls.
D. Romans.
All of the following are true of the Minoans EXCEPT A. They dominated trade in the eastern Mediterreanean. B. Their settlement on the Aegean island of Thera was destroyed by a volcanic eruption. C. They built magnificent palaces adorned with frescoes that depicted women leading ritual events and athletes jumping over bulls. D. They invented the first alphabet. E. Their civilization on the isle of Crete was eventually invaded bythe Mycenaeans.
D. They invented the first alphabet.
The Greek polis, or city-state, was all of the following EXCEPT A. the basic unit of social, economic, and political organization in ancient Greece. B. a force for unity on the local level. C. a cause of endemic warfare among the Greeks. D. a source of inspiration for the establishment of a classless society. E. an institution that prevented unity among the Greeks as a whole.
D. a source of inspiration for the establishment of a classless society.
The Dominican friar Bartolomé de Las Casas was A. the leader of the Spanish Inquisition during the reign of Queen Isabella. B. the founder of the Dominican Order. C. an early leader of the Reconquista. D. an early critic of Spanish imperialism in the New World. E. a humanist who wrote an Oration on the Dignity of Man.
D. an early critic of Spanish imperialism in the New World.
The mendicant friars founded in the thirteenth century received their name from their practice of A. inquisitorial interrogation. B. converting heretics. C. frequent travel. D. begging for food. E. preaching on street corners.
D. begging for food.
Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) was able to strengthen the power of the English monarchy by A. declaring that monarchs owed their authority to God alone. B. producing an heir who was able to prevent civil war. C. rooting out all vestiges of Catholicism in England. D. cooperating with Parliament. E. maintaining peace with Spain.
D. cooperating with Parliament.
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) A. founded the nation of Portugal. B. ended the War of Spanish Succession. C. introduced the Inquisition into Spain. D. divided the New World between Spain and Portugual. E. gave the Hapsburgs control of Spain.
D. divided the New World between Spain and Portugual.
The College of Cardinals was established in 1059 for the purpose of A. ending the "Babylonian Captivity" (Avignonese papacy). B. ending the Great Schism in the Latin church. C. providing accommodations for poor students at the university of Paris. D. electing the pope. E. training canon lawyers.
D. electing the pope.
The Rule of St. Benedict (480-547) was an exceptional document in the history of monasticism because A. it required vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. B. it was the only monastic rule available in Europe. C. it prohibited corporal punishment as a method of discipline. D. it outlined an ideal balance between prayer, study, and work. E. it focused on the individual monk rather than the community.
D. it outlined an ideal balance between prayer, study, and work.
The Old Babylonian kingdom of the Amorites in Mesopotamia disintegrated around 1600 B.C.E. because A. increasingly oppressive taxes and repeated crop failures led to long-term economic depression. B. the nobility and the priesthood conspired against the king, leading to political fragmentation. C. a series of slave revolts destabilized government and undercut the economic foundations of the region. D. it was invaded by Hittites from the north and Kassites from the east. E. it was invaded by Hyksos from the west.
D. it was invaded by Hittites from the north and Kassites from the east.
In the map of Europe shown above, the black areas indicate A. all the states that signed the Treaty of Westphalia. B. lands controlled by the Hapsburgs. C. lands that suffered the greatest loss of population during the Black Death. D. lands controlled by Protestants during the sixteenth century. E. lands which pioneered the discovery of the New World.
D. lands controlled by Protestants during the sixteenth century.
The military innovation devised by the Romans that enabled them to conquer the Mediterranean region was the A. phalanx. B. horse-drawn chariot. C. war elephant. D. legion. E. trireme.
D. legion.
Philip IV (the Fair) of France did all of the following to increase his revenue EXCEPT A. exile Jews and seize their wealth. B. destroy the Order of Knights Templar and seize their wealth. C. debase the coinage. D. summon the Estates-General. E. tax the clergy.
D. summon the Estates-General.
The areas shaded black on the map above represent the A. Macedonian kingdom of Philip II. B. Greek states that formed an alliance to fight the Persians led by Xerxes. C. territories of the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. D. territories of the Athenian Empire on the eve of the Peloponnesian War. E. colonies founded by the Phoenicians before the Greeks settled the region.
D. territories of the Athenian Empire on the eve of the Peloponnesian War.
Ostracism was originally a practice in the ancient world by which A. the Spartans forced their young men to leave their mothers and live a harsh life of military training in barracks. B. criminals were sent to penal colonies. C. the Romans executed individuals who tried to overthrow the Republic. D. the Athenians temporarily exiled individuals whom they regarded as a threat to democracy. E. the Phoenicians decided on members of the community to send out for the purpose of establishing colonies.
D. the Athenians temporarily exiled individuals whom they regarded as a threat to democracy.
The Social War (90-88 B.C.E.) A. was the civil war between Marius and Sulla. B. began as an uprising led by Mithridates, the king of Ponrus. C. was fought between Athens and its allies in the Delian League. D. was fought over the extension of Roman citizenship. E. is the name of legislation giving greater freedom to Roman women in the late Republic.
D. was fought over the extension of Roman citizenship.
The secular German state of Prussia was founded during the Reformation by A. Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden. B. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. C. Count Philip of Hesse. D. Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony. E. Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
E. Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
Which is true of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648)? A. It recognized the Dutch Netherlands and Switzerland as sovereign states. B. It formally ended the Thirty Years' War. C. It allowed each of the German principalities within the Holy Roman Empire to conduct its own foreign policy. D. It reaffirmed the principle that the ruler of a German principality should decide the religious alignment of his state. E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Which of the following Athenians wrote comedies that were critical ofthe Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.)? A. Aeschylus B. Sophocles C. Euripides D. Thucydides E. Aristophanes
E. Aristophanes
"Led by ruthless warrior-kings, their empire was known for its brutality. They completely destroyed rebellious cities and deported unruly subjects, such as the Hebrews of the kingdom of Israel, and they depicted scenes of violence in their art in order to discourage rebellion. Their military machine was so effective that they even briefly subjugated Egypt and were thus the first people to control both of the two great river-valleys of the ancient Near East, the Tigris-Euphrates and the Nile." The people described above are known as the A. Babylonians. B. Medes. C. Romans. D. Hittites. E. Assyrians.
E. Assyrians.
The first international peace treaty that brought stability to the ancient Near East was negotiated between the Hittites and the A. Sea Peoples. B. Sumerians. C. Neo-Babylonians. D. Persians. E. Egyptians.
E. Egyptians.
Which of the following is true of Cardinal Richelieu? A. He helped the Hapsburgs restore Catholicism to the Holy Roman Empire. B. He confirmed the traditional privileges of the French nobles in order to prevent civil war in France. C. He decreased military spending in order to balance the budget. D. He used the Inquisition to convert the Huguenots to Catholicism. E. He increased the power of the French monarchy.
E. He increased the power of the French monarchy.
Which of the following had the fewest theological differences with the Roman Catholic Church? A. John Calvin B. Ulrich Zwingli C. Martin Luther D. John Knox E. Henry VIII
E. Henry VIII
Which of the following statements is NOT true of feudalism? A. It functioned according to a contractual agreement of a personal nature between two individuals. B. As a system of political organization, it was characterized by weak central authority. C. It involved a lord granting a fief to a vassal, who agreed to perform military or other service. D. It reached the height of its development during the twelfth and E. It describes the relationship between a lord and the serfs who worked his fief.
E. It describes the relationship between a lord and the serfs who worked his fief.
The principal textbook for the study of Roman law in the twelfth century was A. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica. B. Peter Lombard's Sententiae. C. Galen's Tegni. D. Gratian's Decretum. E. Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis.
E. Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis.
Which of the following could NOT have written poetry praising the reign of Augustus Caesar? A. Horace B. Virgil C. Juvenal D. Ovid E. Lucretius
E. Lucretius
The fresco shown below, depicting an athlete somersaulting over the back of a charging bull, was produced by which of the following ancient cultures? A. Egyptian B. Greek C. Roman D. Sumerian E. Minoan
E. Minoan
The areas shaded black on the map above represent territories controlled in the eighth century C.E. by the A. Franks. B. Magyars. C. Ostrogoths. D. Byzantines. E. Muslims.
E. Muslims.
The Punic Wars were fought between A. Greece and Phoenicia over the colonization of the Mediterranean shores. B. Greece and Persia over the freedom of the Ionians. C. Rome and Macedon over control of Greece. D. Tyre and Sidon over trading rights in the Mediterranean. E. Rome and Carthage over their conflicting imperial ambitions.
E. Rome and Carthage over their conflicting imperial ambitions.
The most intense period of the persecution of witches in Europe occurred during which of the following centuries (C.E.)? A. Fourth B. Seventh C. Tenth D. Thirteenth E. Sixteenth
E. Sixteenth
"Unhappiness is not caused by external events in themselves, but rather by our opinions about external events. It is within our power to change our thoughts about an event, and we can free ourselves from unhappiness by freeing ourselves from desire. Thus, if we no longer desire events to turn out one way or another, we will never be disappointed by them, and we can live a tranquil life, free from worry and unhappiness." A. Epicureanism B. Platonism C. Skepticism D. Aristotelianism E. Stoicism
E. Stoicism
The written body of Jewish civil and religious law, compiled after the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E., is known as the A. Sepruagint. B. Torah. C. Pentateuch. D. Tanach. E. Talmud.
E. Talmud.
Italian politics during the Renaissance (c. 1400-c. 1600) was dominated at one time or another by all of the following EXCEPT A. The Valois kings of France. B. The Hapsburg Holy Roman Emperor. C. The Republic of Florence. D. The Duchy of Milan. E. The Lombard League.
E. The Lombard League.
In the map of the western Mediterranean below, the shaded areas indicate A. regions colonized by the Greeks. B. areas devastated during the Peloponnesian War. C. regions held by the Romans during the First Punic War. D. areas seized by Augustus Caesar from the Carthaginians. E. areas colonized by the Phoenicians.
E. areas colonized by the Phoenicians.
The Athenian political reformer, Cleisthenes, invented which political unit to serve as the basis of the new government espoused by the Athenians in 508 B.C.E.? A. phalanx. B. phratry. C. thetes. D. boule. E. deme.
E. deme.
The main purpose of the Magna Carta, signed by King John of England in 1215, was to A. establish a parliamentary form of government. B. extend freedom to all Englishmen by abolishing serfdom. C. raise taxes for war against France. D. establish a centralized judicial system for the entire realm. E. safeguard the existing feudal privileges of the barons.
E. safeguard the existing feudal privileges of the barons.
Spread across three continents, the Hellenistic realms that emerged after a long period of civil war following the death of Alexander the Great were known as A. the Achaean League and the Aetolian League. B. the Peloponnesian League and the Delian League. C. the kingdoms of Pergamum, Bithynia, and Cilicia. D. Magna Graecia ("Great Greece"). E. the Antigonid, Ptolemaic, and Seleucid kingdoms.
E. the Antigonid, Ptolemaic, and Seleucid kingdoms.
The structure shown above is A. the entrance to a Minoan palace. B. the entrance to an Etruscan temple. C. the Ishtar Gate of the Neo-Babylonians. D. the Parthenon of Athens. E. the Lion Gate of ancient Mycenae.
E. the Lion Gate of ancient Mycenae.
Medieval Europeans were indebted to the Muslims for all of the following EXCEPT A. astrolabes. B. paper. C. algebra. D. the numeral zero. E. the moldboard plow.
E. the moldboard plow.
All of the following were features of the Counter Reformation EXCEPT A. the convocation of a church council to clarify doctrine. B. the publication of an index of prohibited books. C. the establishment of a new inquisition. D. the founding of new religious orders. E. the weakening of the pope's spiritual authority within the Roman Catholic Church.
E. the weakening of the pope's spiritual authority within the Roman Catholic Church.
All of the following help explain the leading role taken by the Dutch in seventeenth-century trade EXCEPT A. the innovative design of their merchant vessels. B. their use of the joint-stock company. C. the dominant position of merchants in the government of the United Provinces. D. their geographic position. E. their leading role in the earliest voyages of discovery.
E. their leading role in the earliest voyages of discovery.
The cathedral shown above was built in the city of A. London. B. Rome. C. Constantinople. D. Florence. E. Paris.
The cathedral shown above was built in the city of A. London.B. Rome.C. Constantinople.D. Florence.E. Paris.
