Western Civilizations HSA4

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes Octavian's rise to power?

He made shrewd alliances and quickly garnered both power and the trust of the senate.

Why did Diocletian establish the Tetrarchy?

He sought to reorganize and stabilize a crumbling and overextended empire.

What did Constantine see at the Battle of Milvian Bridge to prompt his official conversion to Christianity?

A cross of light above it with the Greek for ""in this sign you shall conquer."

which of the following statements best describes how the model roman dictator should act during times of crisis

Assume absolute control to resolve the crisis, then promptly return power back to the senate

Whom of the following was NOT a member of the Second Triumvirate?

Cicero

Which of the following did Caesar NOT do to reduce the power of the senate?

He granted himself a special command in Asia against the wishes of the senate.

Why did Augustus have to use propaganda to make the Pax Romana tenable to Romans?

He had to persuade Romans prosperity through peace was better than the gains of fighting a war.

Why was Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon with a legion significant?

It symbolized his entering of Roman territory under arms against the city.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the grievances Julius Caesar's assassins held against him?

Julius Caesar had accumulated too much power and was watering down the prestige of the Senate.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the collapse of the Roman empire?

Population increased in the provinces of the empire, which made the empire less centralized.

What was the main cause that Tiberius Gracchus championed against the senate?

Redressing the grievances of smallholders whose land had been taken by the government.

Second Triumvirate captured Rome by challenging the authority of the

Senate

Although there are many reasons for Rome's Golden Age, there is one characteristic of the first five of the six successions during this period to which the Golden Age is often attributed. What is that characteristic?

The conscious adoption of an emperor's successor over inheritance.

How did the Edict of Milan change the standing of Christianity in the Roman empire?

The edict made the empire officially neutral with regard to religious worship.

Why were Christians persecuted under earlier Roman emperors?

Their refusal to participate in the Imperial Cult was considered treasonous.

Why are Cicero's works important to the study of Roman history?

They offer a vivid picture of the public and private life among the Roman governing.

How were the Romans finally able to defeat Hannibal in the Second Punic War?

They threatened the Carthaginian capital, which recalled Hannibal from Italy to Africa.

Which of the following statements most accurate describes the change in attitudes towards Christians during the Roman empire?

They were persecuted under earlier emperors, but enjoyed increasing acceptance during and after the Tetrarchy.

which of the following best describes the government of the roman republic before the Era of the civil wars

it had three main components the consuls, the senate, and the assemblies

"Bread and circuses"

refers to the program of free food and public games for Roman residents

In the third century CE, the Roman Empire suffered from

reluctance on the part of citizens to perform unpaid civic duties

which generally describes common roman values

the ability to be determined

Why did the eastern and western parts of the empire become increasingly divided?

All of these answers. -Constantine moved the official capital of the empire from Rome to Constantinople. -Because of the Tetrarchy, multiple emperors ruled the empire and presided over different regions. -the West was primarily Latin-speaking, while the East was primarily Greek-speaking.

Which of the following did Diocletian do to establish the Tetrarchy?

All of these answers. -He separated and enlarged the empire's civil and military services. -He increased the state's expenditures and necessitated a comprehensive tax reform.

Which of the following contributed to Julius Caesar's rise?

All of these answers. -His early political alliance with Crassus and Pompey. -The death of senate of Optimates such as Cato the Younger during a period of civil war.

Which of the following was a result of the Pyrrhic Wars?

All of these answers. -Rome showed it was capable of asserting its military dominance in the Mediterranean. -Rome managed to subjugate and divide most of the Greek colonies in southern Italy.

How is the conflict between Marius and Sulla significant to the breakdown of the late Republic?

All of these answers. -Their dispute constitutes a civil war and the beginning of internal warring amongst Romans. -Their dispute highlights a key split between the optimates and populists that would only widen. -Their dispute set the precedent for a single man acting against the Roman senate for his own gain.

Which of the following groups did the young Octavian ingratiate himself with to gain political power?

All of these answers. His adoptive father's legions. The senate. The people of Rome.

In the first century BCE, as Roman imperialism brought the state into further wars, the political situation was dominated by:

attempts of powerful generals to achieve supremacy in Rome through use of the army

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Romans and the Etruscans?

Rome was actually culturally influenced by the Etruscans and conquered them in the 3rd century BCE

Which of the following emperors is correctly paired with his achievement?

Trajan - attained the empire's maximum territorial extent.

Romans believed that their gods

could be satisfied through sacrifices