WGS Chapter 4

The second A

The second A stands for ally. Non LGBTQQIA people who support gay rights.

Second "Q"

The second Q stands for questioning. The inclusion of questioning opens up space for people who do not fit neatly into one box and are seeking to explore their identification.

7 dimensions of Klein grid

1.Sexual attraction 2.Sexual behavior 3.Sexual fantasies 4.Emotional preference 5.Social preference 6.Self-identification 7.Heterosexual/homosexual life style

Institutional homophobia

A cultural ideology that is embodied in institutional practices that work to disadvantage of sexual minority groups even in the absence of individual prejudice or discrimination (also called institutional heterosexism).

Homosocial relationships

Are the relationships between people of the same sex within society

Microaggressions

Common, everyday verbal or behavioral indignities and slights that communicate hostile, derogatory, and negative messages about someone's race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion. Could be intentional or unintentional.

Kinsey heterosexual-homosexual rating scale (Kinsey scale)

-7 point scale -Individuals were assigned ratings from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual -5 points in between allowed the varying degree of bisexuality -Added an X category for those with "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions" (asexual)

`Individual homophobia

-Can be divided into 3 categories 1. Defensive-expressive 2. Social-expressive 3. Value-expressive

Storm's scale

-Created by psychologist Michael D. -It's a modification of Kinsey's bipolar scale. This scale is based on Kinsey's idea that sexual orientation should be based on the "type, extent, and frequency" of a person's "erotic fantasies" -2x2 table and measures homoeroticism and heteroerotism

Klein sexual orientation grid (Klein grid)

-Developed by Fritz Klein (1993) in attempt to address the short coming of the Kinsey scale -Assesses 7 dimensions -3 time periods

The two concerns with the Klein grid

-Surveys are unmanageable -The various dimensions have not yet been systematically studied to determine whether they are truly important and distinct dimensions of sexual orientation

Categories of Homophobia

1. Internalized homophobia 2. Homophobia 3. Institutional homophobia

Queer Theory

Can be defined as an approach to social and cultural study which seeks to challenge or deconstruct traditional ideas of sexuality and gender, especially the acceptance of of heterosexuality as normative and the perception of a rigid dichotomy of male and female traits.

Homosociality

Element of from the Klein grid is social preference, or the sex of those with whom you socialize.

Internalized homophobia

Homonegative attitudes directed toward oneself (also called internalized heterosexism)

Homophobia

Homonegative attitudes expresses by individuals towards others (also called sexual prejudice)

Value-expressive homophobia

Individuals that express homophobia as part of a broader value system of right and wrong, such as a conservative religious ideology.

Social-expressive homophobia

Individuals that try to gain approval of others and enhance their own self-esteem by expressing homophobia

Defensive-expressive homophobia

Individuals who express homophobia as a way to cope with anxiety over their own heterosexual masculinity

LGBTQQIAA identities

Many involved in counseling, teaching, and activism about sexual orientation speak terms related to sexual orientation. Mostly referred to as LGBT.

Problem with Kinsey scale

Merges two aspects of sexuality that many believe should be separate

Homonegativity

Negative attitudes about and toward homosexuality

Transphobia

Societal discrimination and stigma of individuals who do not conform to traditional norms of sex and gender.

Transvestite

Someone who cross dresses (latin term trans: to crossover, and Vestire: to dress).

Klein grid time periods

Past: your life up to 12 months ago Present: most recent 12 months Ideal: what you think you would eventually like

Monosexuals

People with a sexual orientation toward only one sex (homosexual or heterosexual).

Heterosexism

Prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination on the basis of not being heterosexual.

Sigmund Freud

Suggest that everyone is to some degree bisexual. -Many believe that declaring everyone is bisexual dilutes the meaning of the term

"A"

The A stands for asexual. Someone who experiences little or no sexual attraction to other people.

"B"

The B stands for bisexual. Bisexual should be reserved for people who have sexual desire for both sexes that is more than occasional or incidental (Kenji Yoshino).

"G"

The G stands for gay males. The term homosexual refers to both male and female, gay is specific for homosexual males.

"I"

The I stands for intersex. People that have sex characteristics that make them different from predominant notions of biological femaleness and maleness.

"L"

The L stands for lesbian, it is placed in the front to correct the elision of men being the primary focus in society.

"T"

The T stands for transgender, someone who crosses gender boundaries.

Heteronormativity

The belief that heterosexuality is and should be the norm

Heterocentrism

The belief that heterosexuality should be central and normal in contrast to other sexual orientations. Assumption that everyone is straight until proven otherwise.

Compulsory heterosexuality

The enforcement of heterosexuality

"Q"

The first Q stands for queer. It originally meant "strange, odd, eccentric, also of questionable character". Now queer is appropriated in a "gay affirmative" sense.

Sexual Stigma

The negative regard, inferior status, and relative powerlessness that society collectively accords to any non heterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community.

Lesbian Continuum

includes a range - through each woman's life and throughout history - of woman-identified experience, not simply the fact that a woman has had or consciously desired genital sexual experience with another woman (Adrienne Rich).