WHAPM Midterm Unit 0 and 1 Questions

The tone of the first excerpt most clearly resulted in which of the following developments in Classical societies? A) A social hierarchy that privileged men B) A political structure that passed power inside of the family C) The stratification of economic classes D) The continued practice of filial piety.

A, A social hierarchy that privileged men.

Which of the following was a direct result of the pattern shown on the map? A) Agriculture taking the place of hunting & gathering in many areas of the world. B) Small agricultural villages popping up in pastoral areas. C) Domestication of animals D) The advent of large land empires in all areas of the world.

A, Agriculture taking the place of hunting & gathering in many areas of the world.

Marco Polo's description of the wealth of Hangzhou's merchants is best understood in the context of which of the following trends of the Post-Classical Era? A) Increasing demand for foreign luxury goods in Afro-Eurasia. B) The spread of Buddhism and other Chinese customs to Japan and Korea. C) The diversification of labor organizations emerging with more complex economies. D) The increase of agricultural production to the spread of new crops and technologies across trade routes.

A, Increasing demand for foreign luxury goods in Afro-Eurasia

Which of the following was a possible cause of the development depicted in the image to the left? A) People desired a stable and productive food source B) People sought new technologies for hunting and gathering C) The creation of large-scale art projects that would project power D) The creation of government structures forced people into gender roles.

A, People desired a stable and productive food source

Which of the following historical processes is best depicted in the image to the left? A) Systematic agriculture B) Development of polytheism C) Domestication of the horse for warfare D) Political revolution

A, Systematic agriculture

Which of the following trade routes would have been most used to spread the technology depicted on the map across Central Asia into the rest of Afro-Eurasia? A) The Silk Roads B) The Mediterranean Sea Routes C) The Indian Ocean Sea Routes D) The Trans-Saharan Sand Routes

A, The Silk Roads

Which of the following major changes in Afro-Eurasian technologies resulted from the activity described in Marco Polo's account? A) The diffusion of gunpowder technologies across the Mongol Empire. B) The mixing of Bantu and Arabic languages on the Swahili coast. C) The spread of the horse collar agricultural technique to Western Europe. D) The diffusion of sugar cultivation from south Asia to the Middle East.

A, The diffusion of gunpowder technologies across the Mongol Empire.

Which of the following led most directly to the global spread of agriculture and pastoralism? A) The warming of the earth at the end of the Ice Age. B) Humans migrated out of Africa long before the beginning of the last ice age. C) The appearance of new plants and animals as the earth cooled. D) The oceans growing larger as ice melted.

A, The warming of the earth at the end of the Ice Age

The commercial practices shown in the images emerged in order to A) facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency. B) facilitate the development of regional trade networks by creating uniform currencies and systems of credit. finance transnational Chinese artisan businesses across Eurasia by diversifying sources of credit and currency. D) finance imperial conquests by supplying credit and currency for purchasing weapons.

A, facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency

The geographic diffusion of the technology depicted on this map was most similar to A) the transfer of gunpowder between East Asia and Europe. B) the transfer of spices and other foods between South Asia and East Asia. C) the transfer of religious traditions within East Asia. D) the transfer of salt and gold between Africa and the Middle East.

A, the transfer of gunpowder between East Asia and Europe

All of the following statements about the use of the currency shown in Image 1 in China under the Yuan dynasty are factually accurate. Which best explains why the currency often led to hyperinflation? A) The Yuan government forced private citizens to surrender their gold and silver and accept paper currency in its place. B) Excessive amounts of currency were printed in order to fund military expeditions and reward local elites. C) The Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia also briefly modeled its monetary policy on the paper currency printed in Yuan China. D) Travelers to Yuan China noted that only paper currency was accepted for business transactions.

B, Excessive amounts of currency were printed in order to fund military expeditions and reward local elites

The system of thought demonstrated by al-Khatib suggests he was most influenced by which of the following? A) Arab interactions with Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians in the pre-Islamic era B) Greek and Roman philosophical principles of logic and empirical observation C) Daoist understandings of the balance between humans and nature D) New understandings of the natural world during the Enlightenment

B, Greek and Roman principles of logic and empirical observation

The spread of which of the following religious traditions was most directly facilitated by trade along the routes shown on the map? A) Buddhism B) Islam C) Judaism D) Christianity

B, Islam

Which of the following most likely explains why the scroll was copied for a new audience in the 1350s? A) The artist wanted to demonstrate the superiority of the Song dynasty over the Yuan dynasty. B) Mongols adopted and spread technological innovations from regions within their empire. C) Chinese culture had a significant influence on neighboring countries, such as Korea and Japan D) The Mongol conquests caused widespread destruction to China's irrigation system.

B, Mongols adopted and spread technological innovations from regions within their empire

Taken together, the two images best illustrate which of the following aspects of political authority in the period c. 8000-600 B.C.E.? A) Rulers used monumental architecture to show their devotion to their deities. B) Rulers built monumental religious structures in order to emphasize their political power. C) Rulers built monumental structures in honor of previous rulers. D) Rulers used monumental architecture to awe their subjects into submission.

B, Rulers built monumental religious structures in order to emphasize their political power.

In addition to commissioning the creation of objects such as the one shown in the image, rulers of early civilizations most commonly used which of the following activities to demonstrate their religious authority? A) The creation of systems of record keeping to keep track of tax records B) The construction of monumental architecture such as pyramids and ziggurats C) The creation of epic mythologies such as The Iliad and Gilgamesh. D) The construction of water-control systems such as the qnant.

B, The construction of monumental architecture such as pyramids and ziggurats

The outbreaks of plague described in the passage led most directly to which of the following? A) The increased development of mechanical labor-saving devices for industrial production B) The decline of many major cities across Eurasia C) The conquest of Eurasia by Central Asian nomadic peoples D) The Spanish and Portuguese voyages of exploration to find new trade routes to Asia.

B, The decline of many major cities across Eurasia

The mortality depicted in the image most directly contributed to which of the following changes in Europe in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? A) The Protestant Reformation. B) The decline of serfdom. C) The end of feudalism. D) The collapse of the Byzantine Empire.

B, The decline of serfdom

The migration of humans as depicted in the image to the left was facilitated by which of the following developments? A) The development of new methods of transportation and speech B) The development of increasingly adaptive tools and technologies C) The development of new economic and political structures D) The development of increasingly unique cultures and languages

B, The development of increasingly adaptive tools and technologies

The activities described in the passage exemplify which of the following cross-cultural interactions in the period 600-1450 C.E.? A) The establishment of diasporic merchant communities B) The diffusion of scientific and philosophical knowledge C) The creation of syncretic religious traditions D) The development of a scientific method based on experimentation

B, The diffusion of scientific and philosophical knowledge

Which of the following contributed most directly to an increase in trade along the routes on the map? A) The completion of the Christian Reconquista of Spain. B) The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa. C) The expansion of the Mongol Empire across Eurasia. D) The beginning of the Protestant Reformation in western Europe.

B, The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa

The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following? A) The continuing endemic presence of malaria in the Mediterranean B) The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests C) The increase in diseases associated with improvements in diet and longevity D) The spread of syphilis in Spain as a result of increased contacts with the Western Hemisphere

B, The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests

Which of the following statements from the second paragraph most directly supports the claim that the examination system strengthened the Chinese states? A) The statement that "the very idea that everyone should be eligible for the examinations... was incomparably forward-looking in its day." B) The statement that "when an old dynasty was replaced by a new, the latter usually undertook an early revival of the examination system practically unchanged" C) The statement that most successful candidates "required a measure of economic support that was simply not available to poor people." D) The statement that "the examination not only produced officials loyal to the state but also, at time, resentful rejected applicants who opposed the system."

B, The statement that "when an old dynasty was replaced by a new, the latter usually undertook an early revival of the examination system practically unchanged"

Which of the following best describes the significance of legal codes to early civilizations? A) They facilitated the introduction of monotheistic religions. B) They reflected and reinforced existing social and political hierarchies. C) They effectively settled disputes between pastoralist and agrarian communities D) They granted citizens the right to choose their rulers and representatives.

B, They reflected and reinforced existing social and political hierarchies

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the travel depicted in the illustration? A) To convert peoples of other faiths to Islam B) To bind diverse communities to a common tradition C) To create diasporic merchant communities D) To recruit soldiers for the Caliphate

B, To bind diverse communities to a common tradition

The illustrations would be most useful to a historian studying which of the following? A) Large-scale trading organizations B) Transportation and maritime technologies C) Geographic patterns of currents and winds in the Indian Ocean D) The expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate

B, Transportation and maritime technologies

The diagram above represents a qanat (a form of irrigation used in the Persian Empire), which provides an example of a method of irrigation which ultimately led to A) the spread of harmful pathogens such as the Black Death. B) a technological advancement which allowed for civilizations to adapt their environments in order to grow new types of crops. C) an adaptation to a hostile environment allowing pastoral people such as the Mongols to spread further into new territory. D) a method of water transportation developed by the Romans which allowed them to develop large cities.

B, a technological advancement which allowed for civilizations to adapt their environments in order to grow new types of crops.

The tone of the second paragraph best reflects which of the following developments in Post-Classical societies? A) States often became secularized over time as people turned away from religion. B) Travelers were typically more devoutly religious than the people in the places that they visited. C) As they spread, religions often became a blend of the original religion with new cultures. D) Elites tended to accept new religions, especially when there was an economic motivation to do so.

C, As they spread, religions often became a blend of the original religion with new cultures

The burial depicted in the image most likely resulted from the spread of which of the following? A) Small pox B) Spanish Influenza C) Bubonic Plague D) Malaria

C, Bubonic Plague

The author's portrayal of the activities shown in Image 2 was most directly informed by: A) aristocratic resentment of peasants. B) aristocratic ideals of chivalry and valor. C) Christian religious ideas. D) royal concern about the growing wealth of merchants.

C, Christian religious ideas

Which of the following best describes how European labor systems before 1450 differed from the Chinese labor systems depicted in the two images? A) European labor systems were dominated by urban artisans. B) European labor systems placed a greater emphasis on plantation cash crops. C) European labor systems were more likely to utilize serfdom. D) European labor systems did not rely as much on women and children.

C, European labor systems were more likely to utilize serfdom

Which of the following is the best summary of the passage above? A) Anatomically modern humans evolved simultaneously in different regions of the world. B) Mankind's earliest migrations depended on access to agricultural resources C) Human migration within and outside Africa depended on the use of diverse technologies. D) Evidence shows that humans were poorly equipped to adapt to new environments.

C, Human migration within and outside Africa depended on the use of diverse technologies

The travels of Ibn Battuta are best understood in the context of: A) Growing patriarchy in agricultural societies. B) The desertification of the Middle East. C) Increases in interaction amongst Afro-Eurasians due to trade. D) Government regulation of commercial activities.

C, Increases in interaction amongst Afro-Eurasia due to trade

Which of the following answer choices best describes a social impact of the diagram above? A) Governments increased their control over society as they focused on protecting private property B) Settled populations began to strain their environments by extracting more and more resources from them C) Large scale agriculture led to specialization of labor, which in turn led to increased class stratification D) Agriculture led to larger settlements, which in turn led to the beginnings of large-scale cultural practices such as organized religion.

C, Large scale agriculture led to specialization of labor, which in turn led to increased class stratification

The involvement of Ibn Daud in the activities described in the passage most directly reflects which of the following developments in the period 600-1450 C.E.? A) Cross-cultural interaction led to the creation of new languages. B) Religious persecution forced members of minority groups to migrate to regions where their rights were guaranteed. C) Migrations and commercial contacts led to the spread of linguistic and literary traditions. D) The religious doctrines of Islam incorporated elements of the beliefs and practices of other monotheistic religious groups.

C, Migrations and commercial contacts led to the spread of linguistic and literary traditions

The relationship between Hammurabi and Shamash as depicted in the image to the left best illustrates which of the following features of ancient civilizations? A) Rulers deferred to the priestly class for religious guidance B) Rulers asserted that royal laws were superior to diving laws. C) Rulers claimed that their authority derived directly from divine power. D) Rulers created new religions to unify conquered peoples.

C, Rulers claimed that their authority derived directly from divine power

Image 1 best illustrates which of the following features of the Chinese economy in the period 1200 to 1400? A) Confucian policies guided the way agrarian labor was performed. B) The government sponsored land reforms. C) Technological innovations increased agricultural yields. D) Improvements in manufacturing techniques resulted in increased handicraft production.

C, Technological innovation increased agricultural yields

Some historians have tried to explain the origins of patriarchy. The evidence found in this painting from ancient Egypt would support which of the following arguments? A) Women are identified with natural forces, but civilizations value culture more highly. B) Hunting and foraging led to the dominance of men who could control food supplies. C) The physical labor required by plowing gradually privileged male power. D) Private property and commerce were conducted by the men of the first civilizations.

C, The physical labor required by plowing gradually privileged male power.

The activity depicted in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following characteristics of China's economy before 1450? A) The influence of Confucian labor policies. B) The dependence on trade along the Silk Roads. C) The reliance on systems of peasant labor. D) The impact of innovations borrowed from surrounding states.

C, The reliance on systems of peasant labor

Which of the following best describes the author's claim about the Chinese examination system in the second paragraph? A) By offering opportunities to female scholars, the system elevated the prestige of women in Chinese society. B) By encouraging conformism and obedience, the system prevented efforts to reform and modernize Chinese society in the nineteenth century. C) The system provided limited but important opportunities for social advancement in Chinese society. D) The system strongly reinforced rigid class distinctions between nobles and commoners in Chinese society.

C, The system provided limited but important opportunities for social advancement in Chinese society

The existence of monumental architecture in early river valley civilizations indicates which of the following? A) The expansions of patriarchy into all social classes B) The codification of religious beliefs and slavery C) A need for an economic center to control trade D) A surplus of laborers and a powerful, centralized government

D, A surplus of laborers and a powerful, centralized government

According to the passage, what was an immediate effect of the invention of fire? A) Settled agricultural villages B) Successful migration of humans out of Africa C) Humanity's evolution from Homo sapiens to Homo erectus D) An improved ability to hunt and cook game

D, An improved ability to hunt and cook game

A historian would most likely use this map to support which of the following statements? A) Early cultural ideas, such as religion, were spread by humans migrating to new regions B) Early humans were able to migrate quickly to new regions due to technological advances C) During the last Ice Age, humans remained primarily in Africa and Southern Asia D) As the last ice age ended, humans were able to migrate, and settle around new regions of the globe.

D, As the last ice age ended, humans were able to migrate, and settle around new regions of the globe.

Which of the following led most directly to the development of the trading network on the map? A) The emergence of the trans-Atlantic slave trade in West Africa. B) The overall decline in the trade of goods along the Silk Roads C) The growth of trading cities on the Swahili Coast D) Innovations in transportation and commercial technologies such as caravanserai

D, Innovations in transportation and commercial technologies such as caravanserai

Using the image above and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best explains the relationship between record-keeping and political structures in early civilizations? A) Record-keeping allowed for the increased cultivation of certain types of plants throughout the world as different groups shared ideas through records B) Record-keeping helped separate the social classes and define gender roles through written legal codes adopted in all of the river valleys. C) The uniformity in writing systems allowed different river valley civilizations, such as Egypt and Mesopotamia, to communicate with each other and avoid war. D) Record-keeping helped organize elaborate political structures, such as the city-states in Mesopotamia and Egypt, by allowing rulers to keep census & tax records

D, Record collecting help to collect taxes and keep census

Which of the following changes over time between 8,000 BCE and 600 CE is best supported by BOTH excerpts? A) Imperial societies shifted towards matriarchy as they expanded. B) Patriarchy was the most important factor that shaped imperial societies. C) Inter-class marriage was promoted in several societies. D) Social stratification shaped gender relations in imperial societies.

D, Social stratification shaped gender relations in imperial societies

Which of the following best explains why, in the mid-fourteenth century, events of the type depicted in the image were more common in urban areas of Afro-Eurasia than in rural or mountainous regions? A) People in rural and mountainous regions were better able to flee to the safety of their lords' castles. B) People in rural and mountainous regions had greater access to natural medicines that could fight the disease. C) The disease principally spread among religious missionaries, and most missionaries traveled to cites. D) The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas.

D, The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas.

The views expressed in these excerpts are best seen as evidence of which of the following in societies from 600 BCE - 600 CE? A) The absence of inter-class marriages B) The evolution towards equality in gender hierarchies. C) The social rejection of children born out of wedlock D) The persistence of patriarchy

D, The persistence of patriarchy

Image 1 could best be used as evidence of A) the ways in which new commercial technologies helped expand literacy. B) commerce fostered cultural unity in some politically fragmented regions. C) the introduction of new commercial practices fostered urban expansion. D) imperial states attempted to expand commercial activity.

D, imperial states attempted to expand commercial activity

All of the following developments in Song Dynasty China were important factors in the accumulation of wealth outlined in the first paragraph EXCEPT A) increased Chinese production of manufactured goods. B) an increase in technological innovations in China. C) an increase in agricultural production in China. D) increased Chinese involvement in the Indian Ocean trade

D, increased Chinese involvement in the Indian Ocean trade