What is micro
If see mag greater than 2500x it's usually what microscope taking the image
(EM)
Resolution of a microscope
1. Ability to detect fine detail 2. Ability to detect 2 closely adjacent objects as separate.
How to transport a microscope?
1. Carried with two hands, one on the arm and one under the base 2. The cord should be wrapped up 3. Nothing else should be carried but the microscope
In LM most specimens have poor contrast, means to improve?
1. Change the lighting-so can vary the manner in which light strikes the specimen 2. Use dyes or stains
Resolution improves with two factors?
1. Decreased wavelengths of light 2. Increased numerical apertures
Benefits of E. Coli
1. Release vitamins especially vitamin K, B *humans can get total daily requirements of vitamin k from bacteria *vitamin k helps make vitamins for clotting. 2. Reduce numbers of invading pathogens *killed off w/ antibacterial compounds *outcompete pathogens for nutrients
Other LM have total magnification of
2000-2500x
What is the maximum magnification in EM?
250,000x or more, not a problem with glass optics
What is the maximum magnification of any LM?
2500x due to ocular of 25x
compound microscope
A light microscope that has more than one lens
contrast
Ability to distinguish an object as different from its background
Dermatophytosis
Abnormal condition of fungus (plant) infection in the skin.
Magnification (Mag)
An increase in the apparent size of an object
microscope
An instrument that makes small objects look larger To study microscopy
host
An organism on which a parasite lives. Loses energy and nutrients
parasite
An organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host; gets energy and nutrients
Stain
Aqueous or alcohol solution of a dye
example of dermatophytosis
Athletes foot, jock itch, ringworm
Adding what colors can aid resolution in light microscopes?
Blue and violet filter
In LM, use visible light to illuminate a specimen. What happens to colors when put visible light through a prism?
Colors breakdown
primitive
Do not have tissues, single cells or clusters of cells but no tissues
Many fungi are free living meaning?
Dont not cause harm just live in nature Ex) Honeywell mushroom
Escherichia coli
E. coli
example of mutualism
E. coli in the large intestine of humans
Some fungus are pathogenic or disease producing
Ex) group called dermatophytosis
example of commensalism
Eye lash mites-live in human follicles
Myc
Fungus
How does e. Coli benefit in our intestines
Get nutrients and nice warm area to grow
Liver illness
Hepatitis viruses
numerical aperture
How we'll ground the lens was. Higher numerical aperture, better the grinding is and better the resolution is.
Two general kinds of microscopes
Light microscope (LM) Electron microscope (EM)
Hepa
Liver
Three factors that affect microscopy
Magnification, resolution and contrast
Microscopy
Means to study microbiology
Electromagnetic spectrum in order by wavelength
Mnemonic:Randy's Mother is visiting uncle Xavier's Easter garden. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible or white light, ultraviolet, xrays, electrons fit in this part of list, Gama Ray
What are the glass optics in LM?
Ocular (eyepiece) Objectives (scan, low, high, oil)
Magnification in LM is due to optics, especially what two lenses?
Ocular and objectives
Three common types of symbiosis
Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism
Brevitoxin
Poison released by red tide responsible for fish kills, aerosol of toxin can affect respiratory system of people.
Virus that damages neurons so muscles waste away
Polio virus
Algae
Primitive photosynthetic organisms that are aquatic
White light is made up of
Red-longest wavelength of colors Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet-shortest wavelength
In EM if electron does not strike the screen
Screen stays dark
In EM if electron strikes the screen
Screen will glow brightly
Symbiosis
Situation in which have two or more species of organisms living together.
Commensalism
Situation in which one species derived benefits from the association but the other species is neither harmed nor helped
Parasitism
Situation in which one species derived energy and nutrients at the expense of another species.
Dyes
Solid colored powder
commensal
Species that gets the benefit in commensalism
host
Species that is neither harmed nor helped in commensalism
Phycology
Study of algae
Mycology
Study of fungus
Microbiology
Study of organisms or structures that are too small to be seen with unaided eye. microorganisms.
Microscopy
Technique for producing visible images of objects that are too small to be seen by the human eye
darkfield microscopy
The specimen appears light on a dark background
phase contrast light microscopy
Variations in density with the specimen are amplified to enhance contrast in unstained cells; this is especially useful for examining living, unpigmented cells.
Virology
Virology-study of viruses and virus like pathogens
Scientists do not believe these microorganisms are alive, think of as aggregate of molecules that make us sick.
Virus
light microscope (LM)
a microscope where visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses Has glass optics
Mutualism
both species benefit in the association
electron microscope (EM)
focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface
Ringworm
fungus not a worm, feeds on epidermis keratin
total magnification
ocular lens x objective lens (Ocular)10x100(oil)=1000x
microbes or microorganisms.
organisms or structures that are too small to be seen with unaided eye.
micrograph
photo taken through a microscope
Karenia brevis
red tide-pathogenic organism
Decreased Wavelength
short wavelength will result in higher resolution
Parasitology
study of parasites
example of parasitism
tapeworm in the human intestine
electromagnetic spectrum
the complete range of electromagnetic waves placed in order of increasing frequency
Parasitology
two species interacting so a species association; one species derives nutrients and Energy (parasite) at the expense of the other one (host).
