WHG
What is the basic story of the Song of Roland?
A true, chivalric hero sacrifices his life out of a sense of honor.
What work did Italian poet Dante Alighieri write that takes the reader on an imaginary journey into hell and purgatory?
Divine Comedy
Why did many rural peasants move to cities during the plague years of the late 1300s?
Due to high labor costs, landowners devoted less land to raising crops.
What was an effect of the Hundred Years' War?
English rulers turned to new trading ventures overseas.
Which of the following was a result of the Hundred Years' War?
French kings were able to expand their power.
How did William the Conqueror strengthen his power after becoming king of England in 1066?
He required every vassal to swear first allegiance to him.
What caused the dispute between Henry II and Thomas Becket?
Henry claimed the right to try clergy in royal courts.
Recognize Cause and Effect Explain at least one cause and effect of the Papal Schism of 1378.
In 1309, Pope Clement V, a Frenchman, moved the papal court from Rome to Avignon, France. While in Avignon, many clerics grew to adopt a more secular lifestyle. Even many Avignon popes lived very lavishly. Anticlerical sentiment grew and led many in the Church to seek reform. In 1378, reformers elected their own pope to rule from Rome; French cardinals responded by choosing a rival. Compounding the schism was the fact that legitimate leaders of the Church had elected both popes.
During the First Crusade in 1099, Christian knights succeeded in capturing
Jerusalem.
Summarize Explain how Muslim scholars advanced medieval thought.
Muslim scholars had translated works of Aristotle and other Greek thinkers into Arabic. When these texts arrived in Muslim Spain, they were translated from Arabic into Latin, the language of Christian European scholars. This exposed medieval Europeans for the first time to this ancient knowledge. Scientific works translated from Arabic, along with works by Arab scientists, also reached Europe. Finally, Europeans adopted the Arabic numeral system over the ancient and cumbersome Roman numeral system.
Which of the following brought on a decline in the power of the papacy in 1309?
Pope Clement V moved the papal court to Avignon.
Categorize The Crusades resulted in dramatic changes throughout medieval Europe. Describe two positive and two negative effects of these changes on the lives of Europeans.
Positive effects: The Crusades encouraged the growth of a money economy because nobles needed money to finance their journeys to the Middle East. They therefore allowed peasants to pay rents in money rather than grain or labor, a practice that began to undermine serfdom. Also, contact with Muslims led Europeans to realize that other cultures existed. This helped remove Europe from centuries of isolation. In addition, trade increased and expanded after crusaders brought luxuries back from the Middle East. Negative effects: Both Muslims and Christians committed atrocities in the name of religion. Some crusaders in Europe massacred communities of Jews. The Crusades left a legacy of religious hatred among Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Also, the fourth crusade pushed the Byzantine and Roman churches farther apart after crusaders looted Constantinople.
Determine Relevance How did the Domesday Book help to establish the power of the English monarchy?
The Domesday Book, commissioned by William the Conqueror, was a listing of every castle, field, and pigpen in England. Information in the book allowed William(and later monarchs)to build an efficient system of tax collection. This increased the wealth and power of the monarchy.
Recognize Cause and Effect Explain how the Hundred Years' War caused the political systems in England and France to develop differently.
The war created a growing sense of national feeling in France, increasing the power of French kings. However, since English rulers had to turn to Parliament for funds to fight the war, it helped Parliament win the power of the purse. This gave Parliament greater political power. Also, after England lost its French lands, English rulers turned their attention to new trading ventures overseas.
Which of the following was an effect of the Black Death?
There were large increases in wages and prices throughout Europe.
Which of the following statements is true about the French Capetian kings?
They imposed royal law over their domain.
n his work Summa Theologica, who concluded that there is no conflict between faith and reason?
Thomas Aquinas
The campaigns of Frederick II into Italy
allowed German nobles to become independent.
The system of common law established by English King Henry II
applied to all of England, unlike local feudal laws.
One major reason why universities began to emerge in medieval Europe was that
better-educated clergy were needed for Church positions.
A bitter debate took place between Henry II of England and the Church because Henry
claimed the right to try clergy in royal courts.
In 1122, the treaty called the Concordat of Worms gave the Church the sole power to
elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority.
English King Edward I changed Parliament by
including representatives of the "common people."
The Gothic style of architecture is noted for
its graceful spires and tall windows.
After the Reconquista was complete in 1492, Queen Isabella
launched a crusade against Jews and Muslims.
Science made little real progress in Europe in the Middle Ages because
most scholars thought that all knowledge must fit with Church teachings.
During the High Middle Ages, one method monarchs used to gain more power was to
strengthen ties with the middle class.
When translations of the works of Greek thinkers reached Christian scholars in the 1100s,
they began a revolution in the world of learning.
Why did King John sign the Magna Carta in England in 1215?
to appease rebellious nobles angered over his abuse of power.
At the Council of Clermont in 1095, why did Roman Pope Urban II rally Christians to help Byzantine emperor Alexius I?
to drive the Muslim Turks from the Holy Land
