WOH2040 - final exam study guide

In Europe, WWII began with the invasion of Poland in

1939

Chiang Kai-shek became an ally of the Allied forces by fighting Japan in

China

WWII changed the way that colonialism looked. Ppl began to ? the morality of it when they had just fought a war to end tyranny and oppression. New countries that were formed as a result of the war now saw the conflict over government style between Liberal Capitalism and Soviet Style Communism.

Colonizing new Europe

Expecting a situation similar to WWI, France resorted to the ____ to protect it from German invasion.

Maginot Line

British and French African colonies smoothly decolonized, but decolonization became a source of conflict in ____, the former colony of Belgium.

the Congo

During the war in the Pacific, the US and its allies won a major victory when they retook _____ in late 1944.

the Philippines

Along with the est 6 M Jews who perished in the Holocaust, the Nazis also targeted other groups they considered undesirable, including especially

the Roma

Because of a secret pact made before the war, Poland was occupied by both Germany and

the Soviet Union

Before the attack on Pearl Harbor

the US froze Japanese assets in the US and cut off exports of steel and oil to Japan

Churchill's "iron curtain" speech was in reaction to

the continued Soviet occupation of eastern Europe after the war

Eugenic medical practices led to

the sterilization of inferior Germans to prevent the spread of their inferior genetic defects.

While Japan led the way in Asian economic growth in the 1950's over the next 3 decades a # of other Asian economies would take off, referred to S Korea, Taiwan, Asia and Singapore

Asian Tigers

Che Guevara was captured and executed in

Bolivia

During the first year of the war, which area came under German military control?

Denmark

An appeal by ____ to the League of Nations brought no significant repercussions against the Italians.

Ethiopia

After demanding it for many years, India finally gained its independence after defeating England in a long and deadly war.

False

America reversed its foreign policy of isolationism and signed a military pact with Britain in the wake of the Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact.

False

China entered the Korean War because it was determined to create a sphere of security, which meant it had to eliminate the threat of a united N and S Korea.

False

Hitler´s forces eventually conquered Stalingrad after a gruesome 3 Y siege.

False

Often called the Big 3, the Allied powers consisted of Great Britain, the US, and France.

False

Charles de Gaulle was associated with the underground of

France

Edib stepped outside traditional gender roles when she refused to accept her husband's second marriage, which was acceptable to Islam.-Edib's life involved all these experiences EXCEPT spending her entire life as a liberal in the Middle East. -Edib's major goal during WWI was Turkish nationalism.

Halide Edib

Although popular in the beginning of his rule, why was Sukarno eventually turned out of office in Indonesia?

He lost support due to his erratic policies, and the Indonesian military took power.

Although Kemal attempted to create a strong Turkish economy, how did his policies only add to the international global depression?

High tariffs on imported goods only hurt other nations involved in the global depression.

As a result of WWII, which nations would emerge as the dominant world powers?

United States and Soviet Union

According to ____, since communism was evil, anyone associated with it in any form must be evil and dangerous to America.

Joseph McCarthy

Although he was only lukewarm in his support for the Bay of Pigs mission to Cuba, ____ would ultimately be credited with the fiasco.

Kennedy

led Soviet Union 1964-1982. would never own a car but could take a vacation. Awarded nobel prize in 1975, prevented Sakharov from traveling to receive award and cut him off from communications. died in 1982 left difficult situation to the aging party functionaries who replaced him.

Leonid Brezhnev

a campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950-1954.

McCarthyism

leader of the Soviet Union from 1985-1991 who introduced openness to Soviet politics and restructuring to the Soviet economy. Unable to control calls for even greater changes, he presided over collapse of the Soviet Union.

Mikhail Gorbachev

During the Cold War, several new communist states were established, including the

People's Republic of China

England and France declared war on Germany when it attacked and invaded

Poland

14th president of the US. A staunchly anti-communist Republican, he used harsh rhetoric towards Soviet Union and increased American military spending but compromised when negotiating arms limitation agreements.

Ronald Reagan

As a symbol of defiance and endurance, whose music was performed in Leningrad during its long siege?

Shostakovich

10 year conflict battle from 12/24/79 - 2/15/89. between USSR and rebels in Afghanistan, collectively known as the Mujaheddin.

Soviet-Afghan War

After the Soviet attempt to close off Berlin, the Allies reacted with the Berlin Airlift, which supplied West Berlin with all the necessary materials to resist Soviet takeover.

True

Although Japan seemed to headed in the direction of democracy in the early 1920s with a constitutional monarchy, economic and social changes in the late 1920s and early 1930s fostered a more aggressive Fascist state.

True

Although the majority of nations and their peoples considered the Axis powers invaders, the Axis powers were able to find collaborators who supported them for a variety of reasons.

True

As a colonial power on the defense in both Algeria and Vietnam, the French decided to give up its fight for Vietnam.

True

Believing that inferiors were detrimental to the state, German medical practices involved the use of eugenics.

True

Communist guerrillas led by Ho Chi Minh harassed Japanese occupation forces in Vietnam with American and British assistance.

True

Fearing Soviet control of Greece and Turkey, Truman sent aid to end civil war in both nations. Truman Doctrine of 1947

True

Hitler used the Enabling Act to get rid of opposition in Germany.

True

Operation Barbarossa was Hitler's ill-fated attempt to invade the Soviet Union in 1941.

True

The Atlantic Charter agreement between Roosevelt and Churchill took place before Pearl Harbor.

True

The Crash of 1929 refers to the Stock Market melt down that led to a global economic Depression.

True

The Japanese attacked the United States on 12/7/41

True

Former activists from Prague Spring were leading anti-Soviet protests including Havel he first democratically elected president of Czechoslovakia. Dramatist and intellectual. with new pres of Poland, Lech Walesa helped workers and artists that had been straight-jacketed by communism.

Vaclav Havel

Entering the Vietnam War, Americans were inclined to think any fight against communism was a fight for freedom. In 1969 as anti war protests broke out during Tet Offensive, as anti war spread anti American feelings rose in much of Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. Pres Nixon's admin promised peace and honor through more intensive bombing of N. Korea and the replacement of American forces with S Viet ones.

Vietnam War

Art in the "age of anxiety" emphasized all the following EXCEPT

a movement against anything associated with classical art.

During the Great Depression, the new socialist countries in Europe promised to reduce economic hardship with all of these measures EXCEPT

a strong and growing military

As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States

agreed to withdraw its missiles from Turkey

Between 1967 and 1975, dictatorships were a rising political force in Latin America, justifying repression in the name of

anticommunism

After 1948, the Afrikaner-dominated National Party in South Africa implemented

apartheid or racial separation.

Cold War confrontations between the two superpowers involved all of these initiatives and events EXCEPT

atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

As a result of the Cuban-Soviet relationship,

by the mid-1960s, the Cuban economy had recovered and stabilized.

By the 1930s, the ____ was falling out of German politics.

center

Brazil was hit hard in the global market by a decrease in demand for

coffee

By the 1950s, the relationship between the US and the SU included all the following EXCEPT

detente

Although seeking independence, both Egypt and Iraq strongly supported Britain in the war against Germany.

false

The United States ended the war in Japan before the defeat of Nazi Germany.

false

By the early 1930s, the world was locked in a vicious cycle of deflation and a downward spiral of both wages and prices as a result of

high tariffs.

Even in nations where capitalism and individual liberties were the norm, the war and depression created

increased government intervention.

Although communism and fascism were passionately at odds, what common enemy did they share?

liberal democracy

Because of actions in China in 1949 and Cuba in 1959, the United States viewed the world as

more threatening because of the spread of communism

Even as the threat of German militarization and the potential invasion of Russia grew, Stalin

ordered the killing and imprisonment of his generals and officers.

After the stock market crash prompted tough times in Japan,

public support mounted for increasing the size of the military because it was a source of jobs.

Castro and Guevara developed an army that eventually overthrew Batista through all of these means EXCEPT

receiving aid from the American CIA.

Benito Mussolini employed all of these strategies in his fascist program EXCEPT

ruling according to the Italian constitution.

Crystal Night involved the

smashing of windows of Jewish synagogues, stores and private homes.

Cuba became a ____ state as a result of the revolution of 1959.

socialist

Castro never joined the Cuban Communist Party.

true

Colonial powers used all the following methods to deter nationalism EXCEPT

violently eliminating native leaders.

Before the Cuban Revolution, Cuba

was an economically poor country with no democratic freedoms

Before Hitler came to power, Germany

was humiliated and financially ruined after World War I.

As a result of Kemal's military successes in World War I, Turkey

was recognized as sovereign with the core territories and population of the old empire.

Although it appeared that the new Soviet leader, Khrushchev, would pursue reforms, he

would not tolerate popular movements for change