Wolgamott Chapter 18 Quiz

Hobbes believed that in the state of nature, man was

Greedy and warlike

All of the following can be attributed to the philosophies except

A definite distrust of science and reason

Thomas Hobbes appealed to Enlightenment thinkers by his

Concept of a state of nature superseded by a social contract, belief that self-interest is a valid reason for political activity, refusal to use God as a justification for absolutism, idea that all political powers rests on a contract among the governed

John Locke's ideal form of government can best be described as a

Constitutional state based on the consent of the governed and respectful of each person's natural rights except for Catholics and atheists

Kant insisted that

Each individual should reason independently

Which of the following statements was true concerning freedom of expression during the seventeenth century?

Even in the Netherlands, those who opposed the Calvinist clergy could be detained without a time limit for release

In 1700, the common language of well-educated Europeans was

French

The scientific societies that flourished throughout Europe

Had their members perform experiments listen to scientific papers, and collect samples of rarities, permitted any inquisitive man to dabble in science or try to become a scientist, inspired groups specifically interested in the application of scientific knowledge, and developed in various forms, often competing among themselves

The author states that most leaders of the Enlightenment sought to

Impose an ordered freedom on social and political institutions

Eighteenth-century philosophes were

Leaders of Enlightenment thought who supported tolerance, rationality, and freedom

In relation to religion, philosophies

Often argued that Church doctrines were illogical and irrelevant, launched the first attack on Christianity conducted by the educated, condemned religious fanaticism that has led to so much bloodshed, and criticized the Church's other worldliness for acting as a barrier to social improvement and justice

The center of Enlightenment was

Paris

Locke's theory of education

Quested the Christian belief in a sinful human nature, indicated that nurture is more important than nature, held that a person must test knowledge with his own sense experience, assumed all knowledge ultimately comes from the senses

The authors of your text refer to salons as

Regular receptions devoted to intelligent, egalitarian conversation, often hosted by women

Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau all

Rejected divine right monarchy, were major political theorists of the Enlightenment, use ideas from Machiavelli, Spinoza, and Hobbes, and sought methods to limit the power of the king

At the end of the seventeenth century, examples of intolerance included

The expulsion of students from Oxford University for unorthodox ideas, imprisonment of heretics in the Dutch Republic, expulsion of the entire Protestant population of France, and forcible baptism of Jewish children in the Papal cities

Voltaire believed all the following except

The people should be allowed to govern themselves

Who of the following would likely be rejected from a list of Enlightenment philosophies?

Thomas Hobbes

All philosophies agreed that

Torture should be eliminated

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that

Was inspired by the Scientific Revolution, reacted against "monarchical and clerical absolutism", benefited from a new freedom of printing in some countries, and has been characterized as the Age of Reason