Women In U.S. History - Unit 1

Men who integrated into a new culture after their Amerindian marriage.

"Squawmen"

Catharine Littlefield Greene Miller (1755-1814), Mr. Eli Whitney's most notable feminine supporters is an example of an

"ideal" Southern women

From 1492-1734, which Empires colonized the Americas, resulting in the expansion of early settlements into the 13 colonies?

Dutch, English, Spanish, and French

Why did the baby boom happen?

Economic prosperity gave Americans stability and as men returned from fighting in the war, women left the workforce and married in massive numbers

Women's key themes during Settler Colonialism and the Revolution (1692-1783) included

Eighteenth-century women were active and engaged participants in every aspect of colonial and revolutionary life The experiences of women in the eighteenth century varied widely based on race, class, age, gender identity, and geographic region The English concept of the ideal colonial woman dominated the eighteenth century. The full history of the North American colonies and the American Revolution cannot be properly understood without considering the perspectives, experiences, and contributions of women

1783-1828 Key Themes and Ideas for Women:

Eighteenth-century women were active and engaged participants in every aspect of colonial and revolutionary life The experiences of women in the eighteenth century varied widely based on race, class, age, gender identity, and geographic region The English concept of the ideal colonial woman still dominated the remainder of the eighteenth century

Who was the first American women to graduate from medical school?

Elizabeth Blackwell

Impact of women in the colonies

Enslaved women brought agricultural knowledge that made colonies flourish Housewives invented new ways to perform basic tasks Women took part in the armed resistance to European invasion, and challenged the gender norms they were forced to live under The very first published poet of the English colonies was a woman

What does the 1866 laundry working boycott teach us about the work of African American women in the Reconstruction era?

Even though the Reconstruction Period partly had to do with integrating African Americans as official U.S. citizens, it showed the struggle of racism. Discrimination was in the South and this needs to be recognized as a part of history to head into a good direction in the future.

Please name who said this quote: "Remember the ladies..."

FLOTUS Abigail Adams

During The Roaring 20s', the "flapper" was the "norm" for women in America.

False

True or False: Gender roles did not change American society.

False

Overarchingly viewed as a "double second class citizen" -being black, in addition to being a woman is another piece of the puzzle to the stories of the

Free Antebellum African American Women

Why did the laundry workers of Jackson, Mississippi, go on strike in 1866?

In Jackson, Mississippi during the following year after the surrender at Appomattox, African American women who'd been freed by their owners that chose to work as laundry laborers went on strike. The reason behind this was solely them not getting their needs due to whites seeing themselves as better workers.

Who mainly immigrated to the Southern colonies (Virginia, Maryland, and the Carolinas) during the pre-American Revolution Period?

Indentured servants who came to serve a small community of wealthy people asking for cheap labor to grow tobacco on their plantations

Themes for women during the Early Encounters Period of 1492-1734 were:

1. Women were pivotal to the formation and evolution of societies in the early colonies of the Americas 2. The experiences of women in the early colonial period varied widely based on race, class, age, gender identity, and geographic region 3. The full story of the early colonial period cannot be properly understood without considering the experiences of the women who lived it

In 2011, the population of American women was

50.8%

Conquerors vs. Conquered or Negotiation and Understanding were the common ways of a

Amerindian woman

Horrifically, the Trail of Tears was part of the

Antebellum Native American Experience

Who took her husband's place in the Revolutionary War at the Battle of Fort Washington?

Mrs. Margaret Corbin

Who advocated for women's education at the Seneca Falls Convention?

Ms. Mary Wollstonecraft

Who was the first American women poet?

Ms. Phyllis Wheatley

Earned a national reputation for herself by writing, speaking, organizing, and agitating on behalf of her enslaved compatriots; An outspoken advocate for abolition, temperance, and civil and women's rights in the nineteenth century.

Ms. Sojourner Truth

Modernizing America 1889-1920 Feminine Themes:

New opportunities arose in the realms of education, recreation, and social reform, but traditional gender roles and stereotypes still significantly shaped women's lives While the era saw an increase in the number of women working for pay, the vast majority of women were still contributing to the family economy via unpaid housework and childcare Involvement in activism was a powerful outlet for women of diverse backgrounds to step beyond the home and fight for change The persistence of xenophobia and nativism often counterbalanced progressive ideals- not all women benefited from reform The experiences of women varied widely based on race, class, age, gender identity, and geographic region

Southern White Women from 1861-1865:

Northern soldiers trampled their homelands. Unlike in the North, civilians had to endure warfare in their own lands The women employed resiliency, intelligence and resourcefulness to achieve to minimize the damage The disintegration of the "male and female ideal"

Repairing division in the Nation and the U.S. redefined the boundaries and privileges of citizenship happened during

Reconstruction

The Great Depression:

Society and the federal government placed greater value on women's roles, women actively participated in growing bureaucracies, women worked tirelessly throughout the Depression to ensure daily life continued and Americans received their fair share, holding leadership positions at the highest levels of government

Northern White Women from 1861-1865:

Soldiers, nurses, civil rights activists, and abolitionists Many women rallied together to help supply troops with food, clothing, money, and medical supplies As the war progressed, women began to take on employment in different fields, as men were constantly filtering out for war, As the war shifted so did women's roles. Women on the Northern front did not directly experience violence like their counterparts did in the South

Also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age, occurring in the 20th century.

The Information Age

Which newspaper had a dismissive and critical tone over the laundry worker protest of strike?

The Jackson Daily Clarion

Why did the Puritans settle in what is today New England?

They wanted to build perfect religious communities without risking religious persecution they had lived under in Europe

True or False: An extensive quantity of African American women were brought by the English from West Africa to the Americas during the 1600's and 1700's.

True

True or False: Free Southern black women continued to live under the shadow of slavery, unable to travel or assemble as freely as those in the North as of the mid 1800's.

True

During the Jazz Age,

Women exercised their newfound political and economic opportunities, shaping American society and consumer culture, mass production and expanding media allowed women of diverse backgrounds to access new styles and activities that were dramatically different from those of their mothers' generations, although the 1920s saw rapid change, marriage, motherhood, and domestic life remained the main focus for most women, regardless of background, the Nineteenth Amendment marked the end of a period of intense- and often unified- social activism, and while women continued to fight for social and political change, activists divided across issues

The "Real" English Woman:

Women of every age, race, class, gender, and sexual identity, all actively engaged in the world around them, activists, political leaders, rebels, philosophers, artists, and business moguls, women who performed the domestic tasks of neither easy nor frivolous level of hardship, and the very survival of their families and communities depended on this kind of women's (mostly unpaid and unacknowledged) labor, continuously lectured about their subordination to men, but they found creative and vital ways to subvert these cultural expectations, and as the Revolutionary War broke out in 1775, women were as deeply concerned and committed to the cause, on both sides, as the men who are more regularly celebrated in popular history

Women's Key Themes During Expansions and Inequalities 1828-1861 And A Divided Nation 1861-1865 were:

Women were active and engaged participants in nearly every aspect of life The experiences of women in the 1800s varied widely based on race, class, age, gender identity, and geographic region The women of the North and women of the South were often viewed rather differently by society and were both important in the slavery debate, Civil War, and Reconstruction Women living within and outside of the expanding nation's borders were impacted by the immigration debate and women played a role in the early years of the Industrial Revolution

Industry and Empire 1866-1898 Key Women Themes:

Women were integral to the formation and evolution of society after the Civil War The Civil War called into question the defined gender roles in the North and South The experiences of women varied widely based on race, class, age, gender identity, and geographic region Westward expansion offered new opportunities for women The fight for women's suffrage expanded and changed: It also got more complicated racially

Themes For 1948-1973:

Women's involvement in escalating political activism and rapidly shifting social norms: Segregation, Reproductive Rights- Roe v. Wade, Domestic Rights- marriage, safety, and divorce, Workplace rights Women of all backgrounds continued to feel tension between traditional expectations of domesticity and expanding opportunities in work, education, social interaction, and politics The experiences of women varied widely based on race, class, age, gender identity, and geographic region Increased female presence in the public sphere- the workplace and the military

The Information Age 1974-2018 Key Themes for Women:

Women's role in the expansion of technology, globalization, and increasingly polarized politics shaped the nation today Women have become increasingly involved in public life- politics, business, social organizations, etc. The experiences of women varied (and still do) widely based on race, class, age, gender identity, and geographic region Traditional gender roles, while still a part of society, shifted and changed (still are)

Women advertisements started especially during

World War II

Which state was the first to pass the woman suffrage law being, in 1869?

Wyoming

Mrs. Harriet Tubman was one of the

active "conductors" on the Underground Railroad

Freed Northern African Americans pre-Civil War were

active participants in American society, including in churches

For many women, political and social activism offered

an opportunity to break from traditional roles and enact change

Comprehending the impact of women in US History allows everyone to

better understand American history, as well as current events in our country

The Start of the Gilded Age meant especially, a

bigger push for women's rights

Seneca Falls Convention was the first time women stood for

change collectively

Social reformers came from almost every walk of life and included women from

different racial, economic, and geographic backgrounds

History is never defined because of

gender, sex, race, or ethnicity

Despite facing legal and cultural barriers, women

have been actively engaged in every phase of the nation's history

Despite where they lived, free black women in the Antebellum Period were quite outspoken about the

injustice of slavery

Women's History is History because

it has been purposefully left-out until recent years, appearing only now and then in familiar profiles and at predictable high points

Before the American Civil War, white Northern women

lived in a variety of ways based on domestic circles and performed jobs in industries such as clothing and textiles

Before the American Civil War, white Southern women

lived in a variety of ways, though mostly lived lives based domestic circles, were surrounded by Victorian Values of Plantation life and structure of family, and could be the idyllic Southern Belle

The power of women was well feared by colonial authorities and governments, causing them to

make laws to govern women reproduction, use the charges of heresy and witchcraft, and severely punish their crimes, even when the women themselves were not at fault

Social reformers included national figures traveling the world to speak to

mass audiences, artists documenting the horrors of urban life, and laborers risking their livelihoods on the picket line

Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries, the fear or hatred of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange is xenophobia; while, the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants is the definition of

nativism

Affluent white southern women supported the institution of slavery because of the

organization that slave ownership provided in the strict social hierarchy of the South

A Southern Belle mostly married a southern gentleman or a

plantation owner

The Gilded Age oversaw

rapid growth and change across the United States- cities grew, immigration expanded, industries boomed

Social workers and nurses opened

settlement houses and clinics to serve poor immigrant communities

Race and gender determined a person's status with white slaveholding males at the top of the

societal hierarchy

For activists and social Reformers,

tenements and workplaces were unsafe, urban nightlife threatened public morality, and lack of medical knowledge and sanitary resources led to public health crises

Start of Prohibition (1917-1933) was

the Progressive Era

During WWII,

the federal government provided opportunities for women of color to participate in the military and war work facilities, although those experiences did not always guarantee racial equality in the workplace, war work and military service provided women with new opportunities and improved access to higher pay and skills training, and from the home front to the warfront, women were critical participants in World War II

On April 2, 1917, Jeannette Rankin of Montana, a longtime activist with the National Woman Suffrage Association became

the first woman elected to Congress as a member of the House of Representatives

Young women fought for fair labor practices is known to have occurred in

the garment industry of New York and the laundries of Texas and Oregon

Extremists advocated for

the total abandonment of social and political constructs that prevented women from achieving equality

By 1828, there were

twenty-four United States

The "Ideal" English Women

were white, wore long skirts to cover her hair, worked as housewives to effortlessly provide needs for home and family, relied upon her husband to provide for needs and to shelter them from the outside world, deeply religious to the extent of attending mass regularly, aware of the political and cultural forces that shape the world around her, kept opinions about nearly anything to herself, submits to the wisdom and authority of the men who run her home as well as that of her community and her colony, popularized by authors and artists, and still influences modern-day thinking about the lives and experiences of colonial women

The traditional role of women in English society was one of subordination or second-class status because of

women consistently having to answer their fathers, their husbands, and their religious and political leaders, in addition to the practice of coverture (the legal status of a married woman, considered to be under her husband's protection and authority to prevent their involvement in the economy and completely legal participation in life)

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for

women's righta

Key Themes and Ideas for Women from 1920-1948

Major social, economic, and political shifts forced Americans to once again question what it meant to be an American Women of all backgrounds continued to feel tension between traditional expectations of domesticity and expanding opportunities in work, education, social interaction, and politics After the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, women activists lacked a unifying issue. Instead, they focused on an increasingly diverse array of social and political issues Although women's experiences varied depending on age, race, ethnicity, gender identity, geography, and economic status, women across all these categories actively contributed to reform and activated their citizenship in creative ways throughout the era

French for mixed race Native American and White.

Metis

When did the cultural divide strengthen on U.S. soil?

Mid 1800s

Antebellum Period

The time period before the Civil War during which there were many reforms, including the establishment of free (tax-supported) public schools, improving the treatment of the mentally ill, controlling/abolishing the sale of alcohol, winning equal legal/political rights for women, and abolishing slavery. The reason for all of this happened to stem from Manifest Destiny.

What did the strikers demand? Why did they advocate for these improvements?

These women demanded better working conditions and fair wages down in Jackson. These job upgrades would allow them to be able to support their families without struggles in their occupational environment and not having to deal with low wages.