WorkSheet 3: Enzymes, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration
Hydrogen ion
H+, formed by the removal of an electron from a hydrogen atom
Why is oxygen used in cellular respiration?
It pulls and accepts electrons
NAD+
Oxidized form of NAD
ATP-> Energy for the break down of food-> ADP + P -> energy for cellular respiration
Phosphorylation
What are enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions and can break them down or build them up.
Induced fit
The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more tightly to the substrate.
Citric Acid Cycle
a chemical cycle that occurs in the mitochondria where remaining glucose (sugar) is broken down to produce carbon dioxide.
ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
a nucleotide composed of two phosphate groups, sugar and adenine.
electron transport chain
a series of proteins that move electrons during redox reactions that release energy to produce ATP.
catabolic
breaking down organic molecules
anabolic
building up organic molecules
Cellular respiration converts____________ into ATP?
energy electrons
What is an ATP?
energy molecule cells can use to perform work
ATP synthase
enzyme found in the mitochondrial membrane that synthesizes ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
form of energy used by cells. Composed of 3 groups of phosphate, sugar ribose and adenine.
metabolism
general term for the chemical reactions that occur in the body
What goes into cellular respiration?
glucose and oxygen
What are the by-products of cellular respiration?
heat, carbon dioxide, water and ATP
NAD
intracellular electron carrier
redox reactions
involve the transfer of electrons to transform energy
oxidative phosphorylation
process of using electrons to establish a concentration gradient
ATP is constantly being -
recycled by cells
Aeoribic Respiration
requires oxygen as electron receptors
intermembrane space
the fluid filled space between the inner and outer membrane
NADH
the reduced form of NAD+; an electron-carrying molecule
Glycolysis
the splitting of a glucose molecule into pyruvate; helps synthesize a small amount of ATP
Substrate
the substance on which an enzyme acts
What is phosphorylation?
to introduce a phosphoryl group to an organic compound
What is a metabolic rate?
unit the measures the amount of energy in the nutrients we consume
Pyruvic Acid
3 carbon molecule that is a product of glycolysis
What do cellular respiration and breathing have in common?
Both exchange gases; Breathing takes in the oxygen necessary for cellular respiration
Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Differences between cellular respiration and breathing
Cellular respiration is at a cell level and breathing is at a respiratory system level.
Activation energy
Energy needed to get a reaction started
ATP synthase requires which type of diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion