World Geography

. a giant core of rock anchoring North America centered on Hudson Bay and James Bay

. Canadian Shield

A giant core of rock anchoring North America and centered on Hudson Bay and James Bay is known as the

. Canadian Shield

. the process by which a body of water becomes rich in dissolved nutrients, encouraging the overgrowth of small plants, especially algae

. Eutrophication

a member of the Arctic native peoples of North America; once known as Eskimo

. Inuit

. The indigenous people of the Canadian Arctic are known as the

. Inuit.

How did the level of available natural mineral resources affect industrialization in the United States?

. It speeded industrialization because the country had abundant and easy access to mineral resources

The ________ are persons who have both indigenous and French Canadian ancestry.

. Métis

French-speaking inhabitants of a city in eastern Canada

. Quebecois

Scientists believe ________ is directly related to climate change and the rising of Earth's temperature.

. carbon dioxide

Canada is the world's third-largest producer of ________, which is an inexpensive source of renewable energy

. hydroelectricity

complex forest that has developed over a long period of time and is relatively untouched by human activity

. old-growth forest

a group of American artists who painted the grim realities of urban America in the early 1900s

Ashcan School

Canada was not as seriously affected as the United States by the 2008 global recession largely because

Canadian banks were more conservative in extending credit.

the removal of whole forests when harvesting timber

Clear-cutting

a method used in which crops are grown that rely only on natural precipitation

Dry Farming

. the place where the higher land of the Piedmont drops to the lower Atlantic Coastal Plain

Fall Line

one of the indigenous peoples of Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis

First Nations

a procedure in which a borrower gives up rights to a property due to the inability to repay the loan

Foreclosure

The arrival of a million people to Canada from Great Britain between 1815 and 1844 caused an increase in

French nationalism.

From what region did the largest group of foreign-born residents living in the United States today immigrate?

Latin America

. an American colonist who remained committed to the British government

Loyalist

a mild climate region in the southern and southwestern portions of the United States

Sunbelt

To the east of Canada's central region of plains stand the ancient, rounded

The Appalachian Mountains.

Aqueduct

a channel or pipeline for moving large quantities of water

Suburb

a community lying on the fringes of a metropolitan area

Divide

a physical feature that determines the direction of river flow

Hot spot

a place on the ocean floor through which magma vents to create an underwater volcano that may grown into an island

Hurricane

a powerful tropical storm that forms over warm ocean waters

Manufacturing Belt

a region in the northeastern and midwestern United States characterized by its heavy industrial concentration

Tributary

a smaller river or stream that feeds into a larger river

Which of the following statements accurately describes changes in the U.S. economy since the 1950s?

a. The number of jobs in manufacturing has declined.

Today, more than one-fourth of Canadians identify themselves as being

a. of mixed ethnic origins

Emissions in the United States can result in ________ in Canada, threatening timber and water resources

acid rain

the cultivation of seafood

aquaculture

Since the 1960s, the population of the Manufacturing Belt has declined while the number of businesses moving to the ________ has increased.

b. Sunbelt

Why were the first factories in the United States located along the fall line in the Northeast?

b. The waterfalls provided power for factories

What is a foreclosure?

b. a procedure in which a borrower gives up rights to a property due to the inability to repay the loan

Which of the following is an economic activity characteristic of a postindustrial economy?

biotechnology

Due to heavy natural resource extraction, Canada's ________ has been shrinking

boreal forest

How do aqueducts help support California's large population?

by bringing freshwater from far away

. How does Niagara Falls help contribute to Canada's economy?

by providing a source of hydroelectric power

Which two U.S. states have the largest petroleum reserves?

c. Alaska and Texas

Like the neighboring Pacific Ranges, the ________ grew as geologic forces heaved slabs of rock upward.

c. Rocky Mountains

believed to contribute directly to climate change and the rising of the Earth's temperatures

carbon dioxide

a seasonal warm wind that blows down the Rocky Mountains in late winter and early spring

chinook

Why is it important to protect wetlands and swamps such as Florida's Everglades?

d. They provide habitats for a great variety of vegetation and wildlife.

Where do the largest concentrations of Asians and Pacific Islanders live in the United States?

d. the Atlantic coast states and Pacific coast states

What are the Great Plains of the United States?

d. the flat landscape east of the Rocky Mountains

a partially self-governing country with close ties to another country

dominion

to leave one's own country to settle permanently in another

emigrate

NAFTA has created environmental issues along the Rio Grande by

encouraging rapid industrial growth in the region

Canada is rarely impacted by natural weather hazards because of its cold oceans and a lack of

extreme temperatures.

. a place where marine resources can be harvested

fishery

Smog

haze caused by the interaction of ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes from pollution sources

Canada is considered a postindustrial society because of its

high level of employment in the service sector

. California's Silicon Valley; Seattle, Washington; and Austin, Texas are urban areas that have become leaders in the

high-tech industry

electricity generated from flowing or falling water

hydroelectricity

What type of music developed in the United States during the early 1900s that combined African rhythms with European harmonies?

jazz

. It is important to conserve fossil fuels because they are

nonrenewable energy sources.

. harvesting aquatic life to the point that species are depleted and the value of the area declines

overfishing

the breaking away of one part of a country to create an independent country

separatism

an underground layer naturally impregnated with petroleum

tar sands

underground areas containing deposits of semi-solid heavy crude oil

tar sands

What is the area between the Pacific Ranges and the Rocky Mountains that often experiences the rain shadow effect?

the Columbia Plateau

Which of the following is an example of the United States and Canadian governments working together to address water pollution?

the Great Lakes Water Quality Act

What joint United States-Canadian project reduced pollution in the Nashua River and encouraged the construction of wastewater treatment plants?

the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement

Which of the following landforms runs through both the United States and Canada?

the Rocky Mountains

What was the series of safe houses that helped thousands of African Americans escape slavery before the Civil War?

the Underground Railroad

Columbia Plateau

the dry area between the Pacific Ranges and the Rocky Mountains

Fall Line

the eastern United States boundary where the elevated Piedmont area drops to the lower Atlantic Coastal Plain

Individual Canadian provinces have been addressing climate change since the national government pulled out of the Kyoto Protocol after

the government failed to meet its goals.

. elevation above which it is too cold for trees to grow

timberline

Why did the thirteen colonies fight a war for independence from Britain?

to escape Britain's taxes and limits on colonists' freedoms

. Due to its large land area, the development of Canada's ________ has been essential to the country's economic growth.

transportation systems

To help provide energy production in Canada's southern provinces, the Canadian government has begun to explore

wind and solar power.

a series of canals, rivers, and waterways that link the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean

Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway

. the flat landscape that stretches hundreds of miles east of the Rocky Mountains

Great Plains

the source of a stream or a river

Headwaters