World History 1 Final Exam Review

Letting nature take its course without interference is the belief of

Daoists.

Filial Piety

Devotion and respect for parents and elders.

Dragon bones

Dragon bones were grounded turtle shells and cow bones used for medicine

Ostracize

Exile or banishment of a person considered a threat to a state. Original Greek word: ostrakizein Definition: "To banish by voting with potsherds."

Matriarchal

Female-Dominated society

The 5 key relationships

1. Father to son 2. Husband to Wife 3. Older Friend to Younger Friend 4. Older sibling to Younger sibling 5. Ruler to Subject

Ways that Shi Hugandi cruelly controlled his people and protect himself from rebellion.

1. He killed many scholars. 2.He burnt books that talks about other kingdoms and other beliefs. 3. He created Legalism which tells about strict laws and harsh punishments. 4. He sent spies to weaken other governments. 5. He bribed the leaders. 6. He ordered everything to be standardized. 7. He ordered all of China's noble families in the city capital where he could see them. 8.He divided his country into 36 districts.

Rules for raising Silkworms

1. No loud noises 2. No bad smells 3. No smoking. 4. No makeup. 5. No garlic. 6. Wear simple clothing. 7. Feed the worms mulberry leaves.

Moderation

Avoiding extremes- everything in the right amounts

Why was China largely isolated from the rest of the known world and also able to keep an unbroken long tradition?

China was isolated from the rest of known world because they were surrounded by deserts and mountains.

Christianity as a danger to Roman society

Christianity was a danger to Roman society because it threatened the Roman way of life, Christians refuse to worship the Roman gods and the emperor and the Romans feared it was a "deadly superstition."

Limits on Democracy

Citizens who were free Greek men over the age of 18, can be allowed to vote. Women, slaves and foreigners were given little or no right to vote.

Daoists believed that the best government was one that

Governed the least. .

Persecution

Hostility and bad treatment, especially because of race, political or religious beliefs.

Pictographs

Ideas represented into picture/image form.

Roman Civilization

In this time period, Great people such Julius Cesear and Augustus ruled Rome and there

"Raising daughters is like raising children for another family"

It means that the daughters get married and move on to her husband's family and becomes a low class member.

What policies did Shi Huangdi embrace to build a strong government

Legalist.

Standardization

Making things the same throughout the empire

Patriarchal

Male-Dominated society.

What was one thing that Alexander left after his death?

One thing that Alexander left was the spreading of Greek culture.

According to Legalism, the way to achieve order was to

Pass strict laws and enforce them with harsh punishments.

Benefits of trade

People were trading from east to west. The idea of cultural diffusion grew. Cultural diffusion traded many items including, spices, luxury, goods, gold and silver. Items that were traded in China were tea, chinaware, perfumes and ideas and technology.

Pilgrims

People who journey to a holy place.

Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism all emerged during the

Period of Warring States.

Dynasty

Ruling families.

The creator for the first centralized government for all China

Shi Huangdi

Ways that Christians were persecuted

Some ways in which Christians persecuted were they were crucified, some sent to the arena, some were burned to stake, some were enslaved and some Christians were striped of their possessions.

What were the Spartans and Athenians all about? Were they enemies, allies or both?

Spartans- Order and strength Athenians- Freedom and creativity They were both allies and enemies because when the Persian army invaded the Greek world, the Athenian and Spartan army worked together to drive the Persians out of Greece. They were enemies because when Athens tried to make their empire stronger by using the sea as their secret weapon. So then the Spartans got scared. They became bitter enemies which started the Peloponnesian War.

Silk

Stages of silk 1. Caterpillar stage 2. Pupa stage 3. Thread of silk 4. Harvest/Unwind 5. Prepare to make something- clean and dye the thread. 6. Weaving into material.

Shi Huangdi unified the Chinese world in, in part by

Standardizing the written language and money.

One Positive and One Negative result of Feudalism

The Chinese developed new crops such as rice and wheat. This is known as crop rotation. Feudalism resulted in the period of warring states which lasted for 200 years.

The printing process

The Chinese people used carved wooden blocks and they spreaded ink on the blocks. They pressed ink on the paper. They used this as their printing process. They used this process for printing prayers on paper.

The system of walls linked by Shi Hugandi became

The Great Wall Of China.

Why was the Great Wall built?/Info about the Great Wall.

The Great Wall was built to unify China and to protect the country from enemies. Back then, The Great Wall did not accept any visitors. Some parts of the Great Wall are hard to find. The first sections of the wall was built in 7th century B.C.E. The Chinese feared invasion. So, The Great Wall unified China. Today, The Great Wall attracts many visitors. Plus, they are rebuilding the Wall.

Why did the Greeks form city states?

The Greeks formed city states because it had its own local government and they also had a shared culture.

The change toward Christianity

The Roman government changed its policy toward Christians because tolerance increased and the religion.

Direct Democracy

The citizens take direct part in a day to day government and elect their leaders.

Shi Hugandi

The first emperor of China.

How to make paper

The natural way to make paper was to add water to the pulp and pour the thin mixture on to a bamboo mat. The Chinese people then pressed out the water and let the sheet dry. The result was a light weight piece of paper.

The philosophy of Yin and Yang

The philosophy of Yin and Yang was the balance of opposing forces. e.g. good and evil, peace and war, rain and drought,etc.

Result of the Peloponnesian War

The result was that the Spartan Army was the victor of the war. However, there was no real winner. Both sides were worn out.

How did the sea divide the Greeks?

The sea divided the Greeks by forming into City States. The geography was rocky and stiff.

Why did the Greeks depend on the sea and how did it affect their lives?

The sea had a big influence on the Greeks because it allowed the Greeks to start trading exports/imports, they had more than a fish diet, they had a navy, soldiers, some Greeks became fishermen, boat builders or merchants.

How did the sea influence how ancient Greeks lived and worked?

The sea influenced how ancient Greeks lived and worked because the Greeks became merchants, Fishermen, they traded/import/export, they more than a fish diet, boat builders, Olive (Olive oil) and Grapes (Wine), Navy and sailors.

How did Han emperors select officials to run the government?

They set up a system of civil service exams.

A New Faith

This article talks Christianity, the new religion. Which developed during the persecution of the Christians.

Down to the Sea in Ships

This article talks about how the sea is important to the Greeks.

The compass

This invention greatly improved the ship's abilitity to navigate over long distantces. Christopher Columbus introduced this invention to Europe at the beginning of the 14th century.

Gun powder

This is a mixture of sulphur, charcoal and other ingredients. This invention changed the way wars were fought.

The Middle Ages

This time happened after the fall Roman Empire.

The Greek Civilization

This unit talks about the Greek culture and how it influenced people today.

Paper

To make paper, the Chinese used natural ingredients like tree bark, bamboo, straw, cotton and old fishnets. They turned these ingredients into pulp.

Oracle Bones

Used to receive messages from the gods.

Who participated in the ancient Olympics and where did the Olympics take place and how often did it occur and how did it start?

Who- Free Greek men who were 18 yrs of age or older Where- The Olympics were held at Mt. Olympia How often- It took place every 4 yrs How did it start- There was a man who was running more than 26.5 miles

Constatine (reason three)

3. Edict of Milian stopped the persecution and emperor Theodos ordered Christianity to be the official Religion of Rome.

Socrates

A Greek thinker who urged people and the students of Greece to question everything. He was then punished by violating the youth of Greece. He was then given the death penalty and drank poison in order to fufil the penalty.

Pentathlon

A Olympic events. These five events are a discus throw, a long jump, a Javelin throw, a foot race and a wrestling match.

Helots

A conquered person who did much of the ordinary work and was treated as a slave. Spartan people who killed these slaves would get punished.

Acropolis

A hill at the center of Athens.

Archimedes

A mathematician and inventor. He developed new ideas about gravity. He also invented many things such as catapults. He also worked on geometry problems. His last words were "Don't disturb my circles."

Hippocrates

A scientist and a doctor. He cured many diseases such as the plague broke out in Greece. He was also known as "The Father Of Medicine." He also created the Hippocratic Oath in which doctors have to swear that they will take care of the patient.

Pin-yin

A system for converting Chinese characters into alphabet letters.

Silk Road

A system of trade routes in Ancient China.

"Achilles Heel"

A weak or vulnerable factor. A human weakness towards something.

Sacred way

A winding path up the side of Mount Parnassus.

Silkworm mother

A woman who takes care of silkworms.

Ban-Zhao

A writer and historian. She wrote the book lessons for women

Tolerant

Allows the existence of opinions or behaviors that one does not necessity.

Pentathlon

An Olympic competition consisting of five separate events. A discus throw, a long jump, a Javelin throw, a foot race and a wrestling match. Original Greek Word: Pentathlon. Definition: "Contest of five."

Colony

An area that is controlled.

In 1974, farmers digging a well about 35 miles east of Xian discovered

An army of terra-cotta warriors.

Calligraphy

An art form of writing

Homer

An important Greek poet. He composed the Iliad, one of the most longest poems in the world.

Heinrich Schliemann

An important archaeologist in which he discovered the city of Hisarlik.

Civil Servent/Civil Service

An official who is part of the running the government. Also, this kind of service became a loyal and ethical group.

Pythia

An oracle at Delphi who lives on Mount Apollo. They named the oracle this name in honor of Apollo's victory over the serpent, Python.

Barbarian

An uncultured or brutish person. Original Greek word: Barboroi. Definition: "Babblers." Not Greek.

Big Idea #2: Growth of Cities & Towns

1. Q: What was one advantage of the location of Constantinople? A: It was where Europe and Asia meet. 2. Q: How did people live in Constantinople? A: They had a luxurious life. 3. Q: How did the people of the Constantinople learn to make silk? A: Smuggled silkworms out of China. 4. Q: What two factors led to the growth of cities and towns in the Middle Ages? A: 1. Trade 2. Population 5. Q: What were Medieval Towns like? A: Narrow streets, it was unsanitary, crowded, noisy, walls for protection. 6. Q: How are the houses like in these towns? A: Very gloomy, dark, airless, stuffy, narrow and small. 7. Q: How was the market street like? A: Very nosy. 8. Q: Who and what kept Medieval towns "humming?" A: Who: Merchants. What: Trade. 9. Q: What was the function of the guild? A: Set quality standards and prices. 10. Q: What was the guild system? A: 1. Apprentice 2. Journey man 3. Master piece 11. Q: What are symptoms of the Black death? A: Bad smells, victims, fevers, Purplish- Black swellings, Red saliva from the blood, vomiting and muscle aches. 12. Q: What were some of the remedies people offered? A: Praying, confessing and atoning for sins, church bells ringing to drive the plague away, the burning of sweet smelling woods and herbs, they made medicines out of gold and pearls, a change in diet, cleaning up the streets, getting people to bathe and isolating. 13. Q: What transmitted the plague? A: The Fleas from the mice. 14. Q: How did the Black death affect the economy and society? A: Cities stopped trading with one another, the price of labor and goods rose, workers were scarce, many farms were deserted, no one harvested the crops and the Peasants demanded higher wages. 15. Q: How did the Black death affect the church? A: Many prayers stopped and people started questioning the power of the church.

Big Idea #3: Legacy of the Middle Ages

1. Q: Who forced King John to sign the Magna Carta? A: Angry nobles forced the king to sign the document. 2. Q: What was the main purpose of the Magna Carta? A: The main purpose of the Magna Carta was to limit the king's power and give the nobles power as well. 3. Q: Why was the Magna Carta important? A: It expressed that no one is above the law. 4. Q: What was an alchemist? A: A medieval scientist who attended to make gold from other metals and tries to find find the key to long life. 5. Q: What was the fifth element? A: The fifth element was a stone that believed that could cure all diseases, changes substances magically and extend life. 6. Q: Why were alchemists considered scientific pioneers? A: because they began the process of observation and experiment. (the scientific method.) 8. Q: What weapon was introduced by the English the Hundred Years' War? A: The Long bow. 9. Q. Which two countries were fighting against each other in the Hundred Years' War? A: England and France.

Overview of the Middle Ages

1. Q: Who/What preserved Roman culture after the fall of the Western Roman Empire? A: The Christian Church. 2. Q: Why did feudalism develop? A: Because they want protection. 3. Q: What was a manor? A: The estate of a feudal lord. 4. Q: What did the lord get in return for giving land vassals/knights? A: Military service. 5. Q: Who were the serfs? A: Peasants who were not free to leave the manor at they worked. 6. Q: What was already beginning to emerge at the end of the Middle Age? A: The rebirth of the culture. Also known as the Renaissance.

The four inventions

1. Silk/Compass 2. Paper 3. The printing process 4. Gun powder

Three reasons why Christianity continued to spread despite the violence

1. The work of the missionaries. 2. The religion applied to lots of people because of the messages of equality and compassion.

Big Idea #1: Power of the Church

1.Q: What is an illuminated manuscript? A: A book of drawings that were called illuminations. The gold makes the pages illuminated. 2. Q: What were standards of beauty for a medieval cathedral? A: The height and light. 3. Q: Who founded the first community of monks and wrote the rules for monks? A: St. Benedict Arnold. 4. Q: Who were the female counterparts to the monks? A: The nuns. 5. Q: What feature of the monastery made it a center of learning? A: The scriptorium. 6. Q: What two features of Gothic feature was demonstrated in the construction of the cathedrals? A: Gargoyles and the flying buttress. 7. Q: What city did the first Crusade take place? A: Jerusalem. 8. Q: Who were the two opponents who fought against each in the Crusades? A: The Christians and the Muslims. 9. Q: What was the main goal of the crusades? A: To get back their holy land from the Muslims. 10.Q: Who won the first crusade, second and third? A: First: Christians Second: Muslims Third: Muslims 11. Q: What promise did the pope made for the people who wanted to join the Crusades? A: Salvation. 12. Q: What was one positive effect of the Crusades? A: They brought goods and ideas to stimulate the culture and economy.

The Imperial exams

1.The exams were really difficult. 2. Only 2 out of 100 passed these exams. 3. It took 24 to 72 hours to complete the test. 4. It took 20 to 30 years of studying. 5. Some people resorted to cheating. 6. The exams were stressed on moral conduct and social order. 7. You have to memorize five confucian texts.