World History 1 SOL Review
The division of the Muslims began after the death at Muhammad. What are the two main divisions?
Sunni and Shite
What were some of the historical turning points in the spread of the Islamic civilization?
Sunni-Shite division, Muslim conquest of Jerusalem and Damascus, and Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
The Crusades were carried out by Christian, political, and religious leaders who wanted to do what?
Take control of the holy land from the Muslims
What battle helped stop the spread of Islam into Western Europe?
The Battle of Tours
What event decimated the population of much of Asia and then Europe in the fourteenth century?
The Black Death
With whom did the Frankish kings have an alliance with helped reestablish the Roman culture in Western Europe?
The Church
What was the focus of medieval art and literature?
The Church and salvation
What Late Medieval event weakened the Pope and nobles while strengthening the monarchs?
The Crusades
Which early American civilization developed a road system?
The Incans
The Incan civilization is represented by what architectural structure?
The Machu Piccu
What did King John sign limiting the King's power?
The Magna Carta
The Silk Roads of Asia established trade routes to where?
The Mediterrnean Basin
By whom was Charlemagne annointed Emperor?
The Pope
What was the treatise on government that Machivelli wrote called?
The Prince
What became the unifying force in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
The Roman Catholic Church
During the Middle Ages what grew in influence as the Roman authority declined?
The authority of the church
During the invasions of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars and Vikings, trade was disrupted, and what was strengthened?
The feudal system
What did humanism celebrate?
The individual
What was The Praise of Folly about?
Theologians and religious practices
What West African city was known as a center of trade and learning?
Timbuktu
What promoted frequent contacts between the Byzantine and Muslim Empires?
Trade
True or False: Islam accepts the Judeo-Christian prophets Moses and Jesus.
True
True or False: The work of the church scholars laid the foundation for universities in Europe.
True
What economic policies did the Church rule against that helped secularize northern Italy?
Usury and banks charging interest
What did Sir Thomas More write?
Utopia
Did the Crusades strengthen or weaken the relationship between the Christian, Jews, and Muslims?
Weaken
What led to the rise of Italian city-states with active civic leaders?
Wealth from the European trade with the Middle East
Who financially supported Renaissance works of art in Northern Europe?
Wealthy patrons
Who was the leader of the Norman Conquest that united most of England?
William the Conqueror
Wha two rivers are near Zimbabwe?
Zambezi and Limpopo
When did the Ottoman Turks conquer the Byzantine Empire?
1453 A.D.
When did Sir Thomas More write Utopia?
1516
When was Charlemagne annointed Emperor?
800 A.D.
What is an archipelago?
A chain of islands
What was the land that was granted to a vassal called?
A fief
What was a vassal?
A person who served a lord with loyalty in a military capacity for land
To what parts of the world did Islam spread?
Across Africa into Spain
Name some of the inportant scientific contributions of the Islamic culture.
Algebra, adaptation of Arabic numerals, medicine, the expansion of geographic knowledge
What is the Arabic word for God?
Allah
Where did the Islamic religion begin?
Arabian Peninsula
What language spread with Islam and helped facilitate trade across the Islamic lands?
Arabic
From what regional trade routes did many spices originate?
Around the Indian Ocean
Name an ancient African city located near the Ethiopian Highlands and the Nile River.
Axum
What early American civilization had a polytheistic religion based on warfare?
Aztec
What are some of trhe achievements of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations?
Calendars, mathematics, writing, and other record keeping systems.
Which country: China or Korea, most influenced Japan's cultural development?
China
What two countries are located close to Japan?
China and Korea
Name two countries that traded porcelain during the Middle Ages?
China and Persia
What were three of the foundations of early medieval society?
Classical heritage or Rome, Christian beliefs, and customs of Germanic Tribes
During the Middle Ages, education was largely confined to what group of people?
Clergy
What city became the capital of the Ottoman Empire in 1453?
Constantinople
What event increased the demand for Middle Eastern products and encouraged the use of credit and banking?
Crusades
The Hundred Years' War was between what two countries?
England and France
Who wrote The Praise of Folly?
Erasmus
True or False: Axum was a polytheistic kingdom.
False
True or False: During the Age of Charlemagne, the Franks became less forceful in Western Europe?
False
True or False: Petrarch's work advised that one should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary.
False
True or False: Renaissance art and literature focused only on Christianity.
False
What couple unified Spain and expelled the Jews and Moors?
Ferdinand and Isabella
Name three Italian Renaissance cities that had access to trade routes connecting Europe with the Middle Eastern markets.
Florence, Venice, and Genoa
Who was the victor in the Battle of Tours?
Frankish army
What early West African kigdoms were located near the Niger River and the Sahara?
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
What two products were important to the trans-Saharan trade?
Gold and salt
Who invented a moveable type printing press that enabled the production and the sale of books during the Renaissance?
Gutenberg
Who established the French throne in Paris while expanding his control over most of France?
Hugh Capet
The Magyars traveled from Central Asia to settle in what country?
Hungary
What Russian ruler threw off the rule of the Mongols centralizing power in Moscow?
Ivan the Great
What is an example of an archipelago?
Japan
What city is sacred to Christians, Jews, and Muslims?
Jerusalem
What two cities important to Christianity were conquered by Muslims?
Jerusalem and Damascus
What female leader was a unifying factor for France during the Hundred Years War?
Joan of Arc
What is a peninsula?
Land surrounded by water on all sides except for a section that connects the land to a mainland
When did European monarchies begin consolidating power and forming nation-states?
Late medieval period
Missionaries carried Christianity and what alphabet to the Germanic tribes?
Latin Alphabet
Who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper?
Leonardo da Vinci
What served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade during the Renaissance?
Letters of credit
Who wrote a treatise on government that maintained that the end justifies means?
Machivelli
What reinforced the feudal system by providing protection from invaders?
Manors with castles
What early American civilization is represented by Chichén Itzá?
Mayan
Name two important cities on the Arabian peninsula that are important to the Islamic faith.
Mecca and Medina
Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
Michelangelo
What power did the Frankish kings use to expand their territory?
Military power
Who carried Christianity to the Germanic Tribes?
Missionaries
What was most responsible for the preservation of the Greco-Roman cultural achievements during the Middle Ages?
Monasteries
Who was defeated in the Battle of Tours?
Moors
What were some of the cultural achievements of the early Islamic civilization?
Mosaics, Arabic alphabet, universities, translation of ancient texts, Dome of the Rock
Who was the founder of Islam?
Muhammad
In the first centuries of Islam, who spread the religion?
Muhammad and his followers
Paper was traded from China to Byzantium and Western Europe through what region?
Muslim regions
Who conquered the Byzantine Empire?
Ottoman Turks
Who was known for his humanist scholarship?
Petrarch
Under what ruler did the Spanish Empire expand in the Western Hemisphere?
Philip ll of Spain
Who gave a speech that is said to have launched the Crusades?
Pope Urban
What were some of the ramifications of the Black Death?
Population declined, labor was scarce, towns were feed from feudal obligations, the influence of the church declines, and trade was disrupted
What is the Muslim word of God called?
Quran (or Koran)
What territories did the Mongol armies invade to create their empire?
Russia, Southwest Asia, and China
What Muslim leader won the battle for Jerusalem (in 1187 A.D.) during the Crusades?
Saladin
What state religion unique to Japan believes in worship of the emperor?
Shinto
What two religions coexist in the Japanese culture?
Shinto and Buddhism
