World History 2 Midterm Review
The basic administrative unit in Mughal India was the pargana which comprised of: _____
100 Villages
The New Sciences were allowed to flourish in Northern Europe, especially in the Netherlands and England mainly because of: _____
A certain liberty of investigation that other areas lacked
Some slave-ship captains favored the "tight packing" method, deliberately overcrowding their human cargo on a Middle Passage voyage on the assumption that: _____
A few more captives might survive than on a ship that was less crowded
Losses to the Spanish empire came in the mid-seventeenth century, beginning with: ______
Abolishment of slavery, people who once owned slaves had to look somewhere else for their labor
Some signs of economic stress were already present toward the end of Qianlong's reign, and chief among these was the problem of: _____
Absentee landlordism
In addition to being a monument to his beloved wife, the Taj Mahal is also an architectural allegory for: _____
Allah's judgement in paradise on the day of the resurrection
In "chattel" slavery, the slave is, in legal terms: _____
An item of moveable personal property
The Mughals gave India one of its most prolific eras in terms of profusion and synthesis of literary genre, with _____ remaining the chief languages of literature in Islamic India
Arabic and Persian
Akbar's religious policies were viewed, by his fellow Muslims: _____
As proof that he actually became a non-believer
The rise of the Ottomans in the fourteenth century came at the expense of _____
Byzantium empire
From the middle of the seventeenth century, the pueblos de Indios were fully functional, self-administering units, with councils (_____), churches, schools, communal lands, and family parcels
Cabildos
By the time of Aurangzeb's death, the Marathas had set up their own administrative system, and were: _____
Carrying off Shah Jahan's fabled Peacock Throne
Recent scholarship suggests that a key formative element in the development of culture and identity of Africans in the Americas lay in the influence of the: _____
Central African Creoles from Kongo and Ndongo
The Janissaries were recruited from the _____ population of the empire
Christian
As part of his reforms, Tsar Peter I "the Great" _____ many of the farmers
Classified and taxes as serfs
The Ottomans benefited from the trade of a new commodity, _____, which was produced in Ethiopia and Yemen
Coffee
What made a uniform tax on agriculture difficult to enforce?
Differences in regional soil conditions, climate, and productivity
Spain fought to retain control over _____ until 1648, when it recognized its independence
Dutch
Louis XIV sent salaried, itinerant intendants around the provinces to: _____
Ensure that governmental activities functioned properly
The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition, appointed in 1481, was to: _____
Ferret out any people whose beliefs were contrary to Church teachings
The demand for slave labor reached new heights in Brazil when: _____
Gold was discovered in Minas Gerais in 1690
Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of _____ texts
Greek and Roman
The alliance between the Ottomans and the _____ horrified Western Europe in 1534 because it indicated that the Ottoman Empire was a player in European politics
Hapsburgs
Philip II was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1575 and sue for peace for the Ottomans in 1580 because: _____
He had failed to suppress a ruinously expensive rebellion in the Netherlands
The participation of Virginia settlers _____ was an indication that the British would not follow the same policy in the New World as their Spanish counterparts
House of Burgesses
Publication of Denis Diderot's Encyclopédie was difficult because: _____
It was banned as subversive by the Catholic Church and the French monarchy
In an address to the National Assembly on October 10, 1789, Dr. Joseph Ignance Guillotin argued that: _____
It would be best to abolish capital punishment altogether
Had it not been for _____, the French government, on the verge of Revolution in 1789, would have been well-financed
It's debt, used to finance the Seven Years' and American Revolutionary Wars
The huge commitment of Chinese troops against the forces of the Japanese leader Hideyoshi during his attempted invasion of _____ from 1592 to 1598 weakened the Ming dynasty and led to the rise of the Machus
Korea
The US Constitution seemed to embody many of the ideals of the Enlightenment, what are they?
Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and the face that all "men were "self-evident"
African rulers sold slaves to the Europeans as: _____
Luxaries
The Ottomans defeated the _____ and took control of western Arabia, including the pilgrimage city of Mecca, in 1517
Mamluks
The Mughals appointed members of the new _____ elite to positions in the provincial governments and state ministries
Manasabdar
Isaac Newton's _____ Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, was the towering achievement of the New Sciences
Mathematical
Fury resulted from a 1791 decision by the white settler Provincial Assembly in Saint-Domingue to: _____
Not grant citizen rights to mulattos whose parents were free
Succession in the Mughal empire was complicated due to the fact: _____
Of foreign invasions
For the English, the acquisition of Bombay (Mumbai) from the _____ in the 1660s gave the British East India Company a superb harbor
Portuguese
According to the infamous "_______ edict" in 1645, all males, regardless of ethnicity, were required on pain of death to adopt the Manchu hairstyle of a shaved forehead and long pigtail in the back
Queue
The Ottoman army carried all wages, gunpowder, weapons, and the majority of its food in its wagons and barges because ______
Soldiers were not permitted to provision themselves from the belongings of villagers
What gave the Spanish a military advantage over their Native American opponents?
Superior weapons
After Hernán Cortés arrived at the city of _____, he soon captured the emperor Moctezuma II who was forced to swear allegiance to Emperor Charles V
Tenochtitlán
The Gunpowder empires, named for their reliance on cannons and small arms in their military campaigns, included all of the following except: _____
The Habsburgs
Between 250,000 and 1 million Tainos were killed when the Spanish came due to: _____
The Native Americans lack of immunity to smallpox
A major consequence of the America Civil War was _____
The Reconstruction of Southern reference in America; and the Jim Crow Laws
Martin Luther protested _____ in 1517 with 95 theses addressed to his archbishop
The Sale of Indulgence
The Central objective of the "Glorious Revolution" in England was the: _____
The offering of a joint monarchy to the Protestant William III and Mary II
Even though he was outnumbered, Babur was able to defeat the Lodi ruler at Panipat because: _____
The resourcefulness of its commander, Babur, demonstrated in his use of field fortifications and his instinctive sense of the value of the firepower of gunpowder
What was the reason for Morocco's invasion of Songhay in 1591?
To seize control of and revive the trans-Saharan trade in salt and gold
The Atlantic system of the "_____" trade connected the American colonies with Africa and Europe
Trianguar
The Baroque artistic aesthetic could best be described as: _____
Voluptuous and Dramatic
Mercantilist economic theory dictates that: _____
Wealth could be acquired but not created
In Brazil, black freedmen and mulattoes: _____
Were equal in percentage of the population to Creoles
When the Moriscos were driven out of Spain in the early seventeenth century, they: _____
Were forced to leave all their possessions behind in Spain
What were the Bourbon reforms in the Spanish colonies?
curb contraband commerce, regain control over transatlantic trade, curtail the church's power, modernize state finances to fill depleted royal coffers, and establish tighter political and administrative control within the empire
The main goal of Gustavus II Adolphus' intervention in the Thirty Years' War was the consolidation of _____ power in the region
his predominance in the region
The Columbian Exchange characterized the transfer of ___(three things)___ between the Americans and the rest of the world
plants, animals, diseases
The Stamp Act of 1765 paid for: _____
the upkeep of the standing troops, many of which were quartered in the colonies for the
By the mid-16th century, the conquistadors shifted from looting Native American empires and towns to exploiting native labor in _____ and in agriculture
working silver, gold, and mercury mines
Akbar's four principal ministries are: _____
1. Army and Military Matter 2. Taxation and Revenue 3. Legal and Religious Affairs 4. Royal Household
The position of the military aristocracy in Japan was: _____
Absolute and unquestioned, in all matters of life and death
As part of the Catholic Reformation, the Council of Trent ended _____
Payment for indulgences and phased out other church practices that were said to be corrupt
The system devised under the Tokugawa Nakuru ("_____", referring to the shogun's official status as the emperor's mobile deputy) was called rankin korai, the "rule of alternate attendance"
Tent Government
Slaveowners constantly faced: _____
The constant prospect of slave insurrection
One of the results of the revolutions of 1848 was: _____
The election of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte as president of France
Among the causes espoused by the Paris Commune of 1871 was: _____
The separation of church and state
Descartes concluded that a person, including himself, was composed of two radically different substances, a material substance that can be understood with the senses and another that consisted of: _____
The thinking mind
Among most of the countries of Europe, the Netherlands was exceptional in its finances in that: _____
its urban residents were willing to pay higher taxes on manufactures and farming
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the forced migration of Native Americans to: _____
The Trail of Tears
What caused the European immigrant population to rise in Brazil during the late seventeenth century
The capture of Jamaica by the British in 1655
Agriculture in the New World was _____ during the sixteenth century
Peripheral to the economy of the Spanish empire
The conclusion that porcelain was the single most important commodity in the unfolding world commercial revolution between 1500 and 1800 is supported by which of the following: _____
The depiction of Muhammad's face on many of them, in spite of Islamic prohibitions
Patriotic feelings were roused in France in April 1792, when: _____
The government declared war on Austria
The main impulse for the revivalist movement known as the "Great Awakening" of the 1730s and 1740s was: _____
The imposition of Catholic doctrine on Anglican churches in Massachusetts and Virginia
One of the indicators of the success of Portuguese settlements on the Brazilian coast was: _____
The intermarriage of settlers with surrounding indigenous chieftain families
After another doubling of its population by 1800, China moved toward what some historical demographers have called a high-level equilibrium trap, a condition in which: _____
The land has reached its maximum potential for feeding a population, and the surplus population begins to starve
The Popes found Jesuit practices in China like _____ problematic.
The use of tea and rice in the Eucharist, instead of bread and wine
The rulers of Benin did what with the Portuguese (how did they work or not work with them?)
They exported slaves into Portugal with restrictions
What greatly helped the Portuguese trade with West Africans for cloth and metal that were in demand in Europe?
They had large amounts of German silver
In the seventeenth century, the process of manumission was: _____
They process by which slaves are legally given freedom
In contrast to their counterparts in West Africa, the Fur and Funj federations between Lake Chad and the Nile _____
Were fully converted to Islam, from the royal clans down to the commoners