World History AP 2013 Released Exam

16. Which of the following was the most immediate effect of the Portuguese establishment of a school for navigation in the 1400s? (A) The development of overseas trade between West Africa and Europe (B) The establishment of regular trade contacts between Europe and the Americas (C) The decline of Venetian control of the trade in Asian luxury goods (D) The establishment of direct overseas trade links between India and Europe

A

17. A historian researching the effects of epidemic disease on the population levels of seventeenth- century colonial Peru would probably find which of the following sources most useful? (A) Church records of baptisms and funerals (B) Accounts by Spanish doctors of cases of miraculous healings (C) Transcripts of court cases involving inheritances (D) Petitions from Amerindian groups to the colonial government requesting tax relief

A

22. Which of the following was a major long-term effect of Vasco da Gama's voyage to India in the late 1490s? (A) It led to the integration of European merchants into the Indian Ocean economy. (B) It brought about the complete destruction of Muslim-controlled trade routes in the Indian Ocean. (C) It spurred the Mughal Empire to invest resources in becoming a major naval power. (D) It catalyzed the adoption of new European naval technology by states throughout the Indian Ocean basin.

A

26. Japan's industrialization during the Meiji period and the Soviet Union's industrialization during the 1920s and 1930s had which of the following characteristics in common? (A) Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative. (B) Both governments aimed to maintain women's inferior status while continuing to work on making economic progress. (C) Foreign investment capital financed both industrialization programs. (D) The working classes of both countries began to rebel against poor working conditions and to join political parties.

A

11. Which of the following characterized the trans-Saharan trade by 1250 C.E.? (A) The bulk of the trade consisted of low-priced commodities. (B) Muslim merchants dominated the trade. (C) European Christians became directly involved in the trade. (D) Most trade was carried by horse rather than by people.

B

13. Which of the following was a significant effect of the Polynesian migrations in the Pacific in the period from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.? (A) The creation of an extensive trade network connecting Pacific islands to the Asian mainland (B) The transfer of domesticated plant and animal species to new islands in the Pacific (C) The development of distinctive Polynesian maritime technologies quickly adopted by Chinese and European explorers (D) The establishment of an ethnically unified Polynesian state spanning several island groups

B

2. Archaeological evidence indicates that Paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies used which of the following technologies? (A) Smelting of metals such as copper and iron (B) Controlled use of fire for warmth and as an aid in hunting and foraging (C) Systems of written symbols to preserve knowledge of favorable hunting and gathering sites (D) Harnesses and other tools to control draft animals

B

20. Which of the following accurately describes the effect of the spread of Christianity among most Amerindian societies after 1500 C.E.? (A) Christianity completely supplanted Amerindian religious beliefs and practices shortly after the conquest. (B) Amerindians maintained local customs by combining indigenous beliefs with elements of Christianity. (C) Amerindians' resistance to Christianity resulted in widespread European conversions to indigenous religions. (D) Amerindian religious beliefs and practices were respected by Europeans who considered them equal to Christian beliefs and practices.

B

21. Which of the following was a major environmental effect of the European establishment of plantation agriculture in the Americas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? (A) Global warming, caused by the burning of large areas of forest (B) Widespread deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients (C) Depletion of groundwater supplies caused by excessive irrigation in agricultural areas (D) Increases in the populations of major indigenous animal species

B

25. The image from Japan during the Meiji Restoration (7 Japanese women bowing to soldiers) best exemplifies which of the following processes? (A) Attempts by conservative members of society to maintain indigenous traditions (B) Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United States (C) Greater freedom for women resulting from democratization (D) Increased emphasis on international cooperation as a result of the lowering of trade barriers

B

28. Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? (A) Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease (B) Charles Darwin's theory of evolution (C) Albert Einstein's theory of relativity (D) Marie Curie's theory of radioactivity

B

29. Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world? (A) Increased availability of Asian indentured labor (B) The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies (C) The efforts of industrialists to create a more flexible workforce (D) A decline in the number of enslaved persons being taken from Africa

B

1. Which of the following types of evidence would most strongly support the theory that the Americas were first populated by people migrating across a land bridge that connected Northeast Asia and North America? (A) The discovery of pottery from Ming China at a pre-Columbian site in Peru (B) American Indians' lack of immunity to many diseases endemic to Afro-Eurasia (C) Data showing a close genetic relationship between American Indians and indigenous peoples of Siberia (D) Architectural similarities between the pyramids of Teotihuacán, Mexico, and Giza, Egypt

C

10. The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by (A) opening large new markets for both European and East Asian goods in Central Asia (B) increasing the demand for military supplies needed by the Mongol armies that occupied various regions (C) decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans (D) discouraging seaborne trade along the Indian Ocean routes that competed with the Silk Roads

C

12. Which of the following describes an important similarity between the ancient Persian Empire and the Roman Empire? (A) Both attempted to impose an exclusive state religion on their subjects. (B) Both had economies that relied heavily on overseas trade. (C) Both were multiethnic empires that incorporated local elites in the imperial government. (D) Both were centered on the Mediterranean Sea.

C

14. Which of the following was an important continuity in the history of the Mediterranean region between 400 and 1000 C.E.? (A) The religious makeup of the societies in the region remained virtually the same. (B) The western Mediterranean remained politically unified, whereas the eastern Mediterranean remained politically fractured. (C) The Byzantine Empire remained a centralized Christian empire in the Mediterranean. (D) The Sassanid Empire continued to keep its access to the eastern Mediterranean.

C

15. Which of the following was an immediate effect of the initial Muslim conquests of the seventh century C.E.? (A) The elimination of Christianity and Judaism from the Middle East (B) The beginning of large-scale migration of Turkic-speaking nomads from Central Asia to the Middle East (C) The weakening of the Byzantine Empire and the collapse of other empires (D) A decline in the social status of women

C

23. A historian researching factors that contributed to the rise of industrial production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would find which of the following types of sources most helpful? (A) Records of labor and trade union meetings (B) A tally of political speeches in favor of versus those opposed to colonial expansion (C) Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas. (D) Data on prices of luxury goods

C

31. Which of the following was the most immediate cause of global economic integration in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century? (A) Increased dependence on cheap oil from the Middle East (B) Population growth in the developing world (C) Decreases in the cost of long-distance communication and transportation (D) Regulation of air and water pollution in the developed world

C

4. Which of the following was an important continuity in the social structure of states and empires in the period 600 B.C.E to 1450 C.E.? (A) Peasants were generally free of obligations to the state. (B) Wealthy merchants dominated political institutions. (C) Landholding aristocracies tended to be the dominant class. (D) Urban craft workers played a substantial role in government.

C

6. Which of the following was an important long-term demographic impact of the spread of new rice varieties in East Asia during the period circa 600 C.E. to 1200 C.E.? (A) A decrease in the size of East Asian cities outside the rice-growing area (B) The large-scale settlement of nomadic central Asians into farming communities (C) A rapid increase of East Asian populations (D) The movement of large numbers of East Asians from cities to farms

C

7. Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic shared by Afro-Eurasian urban centers before 600 C.E.? (A) Cities promoted cultural homogeneity. (B) Cities gained increasing economic independence from hinterland regions. (C) Cities served as centers of commercial activity. (D) Cities were generally politically independent of larger political units.

C

8. Sociologists who study religion have noted that religions that emphasize individual faith will sometimes spread rapidly in societies experiencing disorder and a decline in influence of traditional sources of authority. Which of the following is the clearest example of this tendency? (A) The adoption of Buddhism by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka (B) The spread of Islam along the trans-Saharan trade routes (C) The spread of Buddhism in China after the end of the Han dynasty (D) The spread of Christianity into northern and western Europe during the early Roman Empire

C

18. In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes? (A) The adoption of indigenous food crops by African migrants (B) Portuguese loss of colonial holdings in the Indian Ocean (C) The rapid natural increase of Brazil's early slave population (D) The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar

D

19. Which of the following is a similarity between the Ottoman and Chinese governments during the period 1450-1750 ? (A) The dominance of the imperial government by a landed aristocracy (B) The creation of overseas colonial holdings (C) Heavy reliance on overseas trade for government revenues (D) An extensive governmental bureaucracy

D

24. The building in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Notre Dame cathedral, is an example of which of the following concepts? (A) Syncretism (B) Iconoclasm (C) Isolationism (D) Cultural diffusion

D

27. Which of the following describes an accurate similarity between the Qing and Russian empires in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? (A) Both relied heavily on maritime trade as a source of material goods. (B) Both successfully resisted pressure from industrialized powers. (C) Both were heavily influenced by the intellectual work of Jesuit missionaries. (D) Both had vast territories with peoples of various ethnicities and languages.

D

3. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Inca and Roman empires? (A) Both empires required all inhabitants to practice only the state religion. (B) Both empires enslaved all conquered populations. (C) Both empires relied on an extensive network of maritime trade. (D) Both empires were able to integrate distant provinces through extensive roadways.

D

9. In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in Southeast Asia, and Jews in the Mediterranean, had which of the following in common? (A) They generally imposed their own languages on the local communities. (B) They generally became military outposts that facilitated the expansion of empires. (C) They generally lost touch with their homelands and merged with the local population. (D) They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures.

D