World History Catholic Reformation quiz

John Calvin

1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.

Wittenberg

A city in northern Germany, where Luther drew up his 95 theses.

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

How did Luther's ideas provide the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation?

After Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses against indulgences and the pope's authority to release souls from purgatory, copies were able to be printed with the new technology of the printing press and distributed across Europe, stirring controversial debates and gaining supporters.

In what ways did Anabaptist sects differ from other Protestant sects?

Anabaptists rejected the idea of infant baptism. Some wanted to speed up Judgment Day by violent means. Others wanted to abolish private property, while many preached religious tolerance and the separation of church and state.

What factors worked together to set the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation?

Anger about church practices such as selling indulgences; societal upheaval as a result of a changing economy; the ability of the printing press to spread ideas quickly.

How did Calvin see predestination as a means to a Christian life?

Believed salvation was gained through faith alone. Taught that God was all powerful and humans were sinful by nature. Calvinists thought that the world was divided into saints/sinners

Predestination

Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.

Henry VIII

English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)

What roles did Henry VII and Elizabeth I play in bringing the reformation to England?

Henry VII was excommunicated from the Catholic Church and created his own angelic church, protest church

What factors led to the formation of the Church of England?

Henry VIII wanted a male heir. He believed that wasn't possible with his wife, Catherine of Aragon. When the Pope refused to annul their marriage, Henry established the Church of England as separate and independent from Rome.

Why did the sale of indulgences become a critical point of focus during the Renaissance but not during the Middle Ages?

In medieval times, people accepted the authority of the Church without question. Influenced by Renaissance thought, people began to look critically at questionable church practices.

What were some of the specific results of the Catholic Reformation?

It reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrine and its differences from Protestant beliefs. Europe remained mostly Catholic. Developed a greater sense of piety among believers and in the arts.

What effects did Martin Luther's teachings have on Northern Europe?

Lead to an establishment of a new church; sparked a period of social upheaval and violence as people fought over religious beliefs

How did the increased religious fervor among Protestants and Catholics lead to persecutions?

Protestants and Catholics were attacking each other, killing each other in an effort to be the superior religion. This also lead to the persecution of Jews because they hoped they would convert to Christianity and when they didn't they would try to get rid of them to continue to be dominant.

Geneva

Swiss city-state which became a Calvinist theocracy in the 1500s; today a major city in Switzerland

What was the religious impact of the reformation in europe?

The majority of Europeans remained catholic

Why was the printing press essential to the success of the Protestant Reformation?

The printing press have access to information and new ideas to many people quickly. For example, Martin Luther's 95 Theses were copied and distributed across Europe, sparking the Protestant Reformation.

What steps did the Catholic Church take to reform and to stop the growth of Protestantism?

They established schools to create a better educated clergy who would challenge Protestant teachings

Why did the reformation see an increase in persecution of people of different beliefs or religions?

They saw a close link between magic and heresy, witches were in league with the devil and were thus anti Christian

Why did some consider the Anabaptist sects radical?

They thought that infants were too young to accept or understand christian faith

Martin Luther

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

Council of Trent

a group of Catholic leaders that met between 1545 and 1563 to respond to Protestant challenges and direct the future of the Catholic church.

Indulgence

a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin

sect

a subgroup of a major religious group

compromise

an agreement in which each side makes concessions; an acceptable middle ground

diet

assembly or legislature

Elizabeth Tudor

became queen Elizabeth I of England upon the death of Queen Mary. Shifting politics made her early years quite hazardous. Elizabeth used her experiences to become a shrewd and powerful monarch. Under his reign, England became an important European power. England prospered both economically, and culturally. Her balancing handling of the English religious conflicts earned her the nickname Good Queen Bess.

How did rebellions against the Roman Catholic Church affect northern European society?

in the 1500s, the renaissance in northern europe sparked a religious upheaval. northern european calls for church reform eventually unleashed forces that would shatter christian unity.. this movement is known as the protestant reformation

Canonize

recognize a person as a saint

St.Teresa of Avila

renown as the author of several books on spiritual matters. She was a key influence during the Catholic Reformation. As a Carmelite nun, she dedicated herself to a simple religious life to the reform of the Carmelite order, founding many covenants throughout Spain.

Ghetto

separate section of a city where members of a minority group live

How did Calvin and his supporters implement his ideas?

the belief that the church was a divine institution responsible for preaching the word of God and administering sacraments, and that the church should have the ability to enforce proper behavior amongst Christians; formed by John Calvin

Thomas Cranmer

was a catholic theologian who strongly supported reform. When Henry VIII broke with the Roman catholic church, Cranmer became England's first protestant archbishop of Canterbury. He distributed English language Bibles and, later, developed the book of Common Prayer. Cranmer also acted as an advisor to both Henry VIII and his son, Henry the VI

Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary)

was the 1st queen to rule England in her own right. The daughter of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Mary was the staunch Catholic who failed to turn back the tide of the Protestant Reformation in England.

Charles V

was the Holy emperor during the time of Martin Luther's reformation efforts. His immense empire included large areas of Europe. A staunch Catholic, he rejected Luther's doctrines. The Protestant upheaval, along with political pressures, led Charles to voluntarily give up his throne. He divided the empire between his son and brother. Charles entered a Catholic monastery where he remained until his death.

Ignatius of Loyola

went from an early career as a spanish nobleman soldier to become a theologian and an influenced participant in the Catholic Reformation. While the recovering from leg surgery, Ignatius read a book on the lives of the saints and decided that serving God was holy chivalry. From that time until his death, Ignatius studied, preached, and did missionary works as a founder of the society of Jesus, an order of religious men who came to be known as Jesuits.