World History: India and China (Day 4)

Indus River Valley Civilization

civilization from 2600 BC-1900 BC; entire Indian subcontinent-peninsula; possibly had twin capitals called Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro; well organized government

Wu Ding

emperor of China during the Shang Dynasty, greatly expanded the empire during his reign

Sir Mortimer Wheeler

excavated Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro

Yu the Great

first Emperor of China in the Xia dynasty, credited with taming the Yellow River

Magan

a main ​source of copper and diorite for Mesopotamia, ​was referred to in Sumerian cuneiform texts of around 2300 BC

Mandate of Heaven

a religious and political document that was used to ​justify the rule of the King of China, stated there was one true ruler who had to be chosen by the gods

Silk

a valuable cloth, originally made only in China from threads spun by caterpillars called silkworms

eldest son

before the Xia Dynasty, the Five Emperors were chosen by being the ___________ of the emperor

Confucius

A Chinese philosopher known also as Kong Fuzi and created one of the most influential philosophies in Chinese history.

Xia Dynasty

A legendary series of monarchs of early China, traditionally dated to 2200-1766 BCE, may or may not have existed, emperors were cruel and uncaring

Huang River

A river that flows from the Tibetan plateau, across northern China, and into the Yellow Sea.

Silk Road

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea, linking China with the Roman Empire.

Great Bath

Is an impressive structure built around a rectangular basin on the high mound of Mohenjo-Daro 39 feet long and 8 feet deep

Mohenjo-Daro

Largest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning.

Shang Dynasty

Second Chinese dynasty, mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war, best remembered for their art of bronze casting.

Harappa

Site of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation, and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials.

Oracle Bones

The earliest known Chinese writing is found on these from ritual activity of the Shang period.

Indus Script

Undeciphered writing system used by the Indus Valley civilization.

Meluhha

Unidentified trading partner of the Sumer during the Middle Bronze Age. It is suggested that Meluhha is the Sumerian name for the Indus Valley Civilization.

Fu Hao

Wu Ding's wife who led troops to war. Her tomb contained records of her life and times.

Peking Man

a homo erectus skeleton about 1.7 million years old Found in Northern China near Beijeing; shows that people settled there more than 500,000 years ago.

Dilmun

located in the Persian Gulf, on a trade route between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley Civilization, part of Eastern Arabia, a major trade partner of Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley

Nine

number of provinces in China under the Xia

Calendar

the Xia developed a Solar and Lunar ___________