World Religions CH 11 Christianity

Ecumenical movement-

Martin Luther called for reforms in the church that led to the Ecumenical Movement

During the middle ages, the christian church was a major force in:

The total culture of eastern and western europe

The phrase ___________________ caught Martin Luthers eye

The just shall live by faith

The catholic church claims that Simon Peter was intended by Jesus to be the:

Cornerstone of thcechurch

Many thought during the reformation that priests were:

Corrupt

Teachings of the mormon church:

Marriage is eternal if "sealed" in a mormon temple ceremony

The christian worship service as 2 focuses:

1. The christian scripture-the bible 2. The celebration of sacraments like baptism and communion

Christmas marks the birth of Jesus:

12 days after christmas (1/6) western christians celebrate epiphany to remember the wise men who came to Bethlehem to find the infant jesus

Apostles-

12 men Jesus had chosen to help Him in his teaching

The beginning of the Protestant reformation is usally set at:

1517 when Martin Luther posted his ninety five theses on the door of the church in wittenberg

Today there are more than _______________

2 billion christians

The gospels of luke tells its readers that Jesus was about:

30 years old when he began his ministry.

The christian church of the new testament period:

30-150 CE

The acts conclude with paul entering rome somewhere around:

60 CE

Anabaptists-

A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.

The reformation-

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Anabaptists were baptized:

A second time

Parable:

A short, easily recognized story about very human characters and events

Monasteries were secluded places where people dedicated themselves to:

A simple life of hard manual labor, prayer, fasting and sometimes study

Elders (presbyteroi) are also mentioned as leaders of the church:

Acts makes a clear connection between the elders of Judaism and those of the church

The eucharist is a sacred meal where the bread and wine:

Actually become the flesh and blood of Jesus; this allowed the person to be guided by Jesus in their salvation

According to the gospels, Jesus was tempted by Satan to accept a wide variety of easy paths to glory after his baptism:

After period of temptations, he returned to Galilee where he began to preach

Paul is the best known early christian because:

Almost half of the book of acts is devoted to his activities, considered the author of 14 books of the new testament. Made a great contribtuition as a theologian

Anabaptists are now:

Amish/mennonites

Other opposition came to Jesus from the Sadducees:

An aristocratic group who controlled the temple in jerusalem. They were Conservative. The ones who tried Jesus

Luther emplasized the words "This is my body":

And Zwingli chose the words "Do this in remembrance of me"

The synoptic gospels present jesus working mainly in Gaililee:

And appearing in Jerusalem only for special occassions

Jesus was betrayed by Judas (one of his closest disciplines) in the Garden of Gethsemane:

And arrested by the temple guards. He was charged with blasphemy by the Jewish high court, the Sanhedrin

In Luke, 12 year old Jesus went to Jerusalem for a festival with his parents:

And became so involved in a discussion with the teachers of the law that he failed to find his way to the party returning to Nazareth

The reformation started centered on writings and teachings of people like Luther and Calvin:

And eventually became a fragmented movement

Christians believe in baptism as an initiation into the religion:

And in a communion meal

Only rarely is Jesus' childhood or adult years mention in gospels:

And none of the gospels contain a physical description of Jesus

The second vatican recognized non christians as christians:

And officially declared that jews are no longer to be held responsible for the death of jesus

Because jesus was from Gaililee, the home of the Zealots, and because some of his closest followers were:

Armed, it was only natural for the Roman authorities to assume that Jesus was dangerous

Extreme unction:

As a catholic nears death, he is to be visited by a priest and anointed with healing oil. The priest then hears the last confession. In receiving these last rites, the catholic is properly prepared to die

Paul and his companions carried out 3 missionary journeys in:

Asia Minor and Greece

Confirmation:

At about age 13, children must be confirmed as an extension of their baptism

Although most reformed churches had rejected all of the sacraments except baptism and communion, the council of trent reaffirmed the traditional seven:

Baptism. confirmation. penance. eucharist. extreme unction. marriage. holy orders

The early church was not a highly organized structure:

Because Christians were expecting Jesus to return there was no need for a highly organized structure

It was paul who led the movement to allow gentiles to:

Become christians without first becoming Jews and following the laws of Judaism

40 days before easter, christians observe ash wednesday:

Begin the season with a somber reminder of the burden of sin. Lint follows

Teachings of the mormon church:

Between the time of his crucifixion and resurrection Jesus preached in the Americas

The most outstanding figure of the reformation was:

Martin Luther (148301546) of Saxony (now germany)

The New Testament mentions several kinds of leaders in the early church:

But their roles are never clearly delineated

The romans governed with great cruelty:

But they produced a world of relative peace

The Gospels list 12 disciplines:

But this number must of varried

After teaching in Jerusalem, Jesus would travel a few miles to a village:

Called Bethany where he stayed at the home of his friends Mary, Martha and Lazarus

The existence of christians:

Cannot be questioned

Baptism-

Christian initiatory ritual that includes symbolic cleansing with water

______________ is the largest religion in the world

Christianity

The only thing we truly know is that a group of people called:

Christians began to be recognized in the roman empire around 60-65 CE and that they aroused hostility and persecution in the empure

Penance:

Christians must confess their sins regularly in private to priests and receive absolution.

The christian year begins with the season of Advent, the 4 weeks before christmas:

Christians read from the old testament, the prophets and seek to prepare themselves for the coming of christmas

The gospel that differs most from the others in terms of content:

Chronology and message is the Gospel of John

The romans conquered everything and built:

Cities and roads to link communication

The council of trent declared that catholic tradition was:

Co equal with scripture as a source of truth for christians

Eucharist-

Communion meal

Augustine wrote:

Confessions and City of God

The council of nicaea was called by:

Constatine to settle theological differences

Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth in some way provided for the redemption of:

Humankind by his death and was himseld resurrected from the dead

Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth in some way provided for the redemption of:

Humankind by his death and was himself resurrected from the dead

Christians believe that believers have one life in which to:

Determine their destiny for life after death

The exact details of Jesus' last few months:

Differ among the 4 gospels

In the early years, christians were creeds or orthodox:

Early believers who did not conform to creed were HERETICS

The oldest and most widely accepted holiday in the christian calendar:

Easter- date established each year by the lunar calendar

East and west christians became:

Eastern orthodox and roman catholics

Methodism began in the 18th century as a response to the:

Emotional coolness of the church of england and the plight of urban dwellers during the early industrial revolution

The most growth in christianity recently:

Evangelical protestant groups

One of the earliest reformers: ;;

John Wycliffe of england. Ideas of the protestant movement- translated bible from latin to english. "lollards"-preachers

After his baptism, Jesus went into the nearby Judean wilderness where he:

Fasted for 40 days and pondered the nature of his ministry

The gospels all place Jesus within the background of:

First century judaism. He quotes the hebrew scripture in his teaching

The lenten season closes with Holy week:

First day is palm sunday, then maundy thursday (the day of Jesus's last supper), Good friday (remember trial, execution and burial of jesus), Easter (resurrection of Jesus)

Ash wednesday-

First day of Lent

Gospels-

Four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

After passover, jesus and his party went out of the city to the:

Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus prayed for a few hours

Luther translated the old testament and new testament into:

German

Gospels are not biographies in the true sense of the word but:

Give most of their attention to the last few months in the life of Jesus

Christianity is growing in the:

Global south

Possibly the greatest and most influential mind of the reformation was:

John calvin of france. Wrote the institutes of the Chrisitian religion-god determined those who were destined for heaven and those doomed to hell prior to the time of creation

The book of mormon was given to:

Joseph smith through a vision

Although luther believed did not believe that bread and wine became the body and blood of christ:

He did believe that christ was spiritually present in the elements

Augustine was born in north africa, his mother was a christian (father pagan):

He did not accept faith until later on. Became a christian and returner to north africa where he became bishop

All of the gospels record that Jesus was a worker of miracles:

He healed the sick, the blind and the lame, he fed the hungry, he raised the poor

Luther only felt he needed to remove things that were contrary to literature:

He married a nun and had a kid

John calvin was only ever a minister:

He was virtually the ruler of Geneva. Founded the university of Geneva

On a mission to persecute Christians, Paul was struck down by a light from:

Heaven and was converted from an enemy of the christians to a spokesperson for them

Teachings of the mormon church:

Heavenly father and heavenly mother are physical beings. They have spirit children who are subsequently born on earth in human form

All of the gospels agree that Jesus's first public act was:

His baptism by John the Baptist in the Jordan River (figure of john not clear in the gospel accounts)

John calvins writings set the intellectual base for much of the later protestant theology:

His concern for the rightness of labor and thrift as proper expressions of Christianity impact many Protestants today

After Jesus's resurrection and ascension into heaven:

His followers met in Jerusalem (out of fear they would share the same fate)

All the gospels agree that during his public ministry, Jesus spent:

His time teaching and healing

Missionary-

In christianity, someone who goes to another region or country and preaches the christian religion

Baptism appears to been an outward sign of the change:

In status from the pagan life to the christian life

Christianity developed in a time of stable government and:

International calm

If all christians could read the bible and were free to interpret it for themselves, differences of:

Interpretation were bound to occur and these ultimately caused divisions within Protestantism

For some christians, Lukes final account of Jesus's last meal:

Is the most important in the bible---The Great Supper

Christianity became an independent universal religion because:

It allowed conversion very easily into the church from any background, without a lengthy preparation for Judaism

Simon peter had been among the inner circle of Jesus's disciplines

James-the half brother of Jesus. Not a follower but became one after his resurrection. Assumed leadership of church after simon

In the early years of Christianity:

Jerusalem exercised leadership over the church

The acts record that 7 men were chosen to serve the Hellenist Christians of:

Jerusalem in the distribution of charity (stephen-stoned to death)

On the sunday before his death, Jesus went into Jerusalem and was widely accepted by the citizens:

Jesus spent most time teaching in the temple

Eucharist meal was adopted based off of:

Jesus's last supper

The Gospel accounts place the responsibility for Jesus's death upon the:

Jewish leaders and the crowds in Jerusalem who were there for the Passover

The early reformation in Bohemia was led by:

John Hus. Did not agree with indulgences-was burned at the stake

The founder of methodism:

John Wesley

The council of trent was called in 1545 in response to:

Large numbers of people leaving the catholic church and following the reformers

Jermone translated the Hebrew and Greek biblical material into:

Latin

Paul set forth the first systematic understanding of the importance of:

Life, death and resurrection of Jesus

The roman world of the first century had no:

Major religious commitment

The gospels agree that Jesus was born in the ancestral home of David: Bethlehem:

Matthew places the time of Jesus's birth in the years proper to the death of Herod the Great (4 BCE)

The period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the rise of the modern European nations:

Medieval period/middle ages

The church of jesus christ of latter day saints:

Mormons

All of the gospels agree that the tomb was empty and jesus had conquered death:

Most agree that he was seen after his resurrection.

John XXIII called the second vatican council:

Most revolutionary council since Trent. Meeting between orthodox and protestant christians

The other Gospels besides Mark say that Jesus gathered his friends together at the:

Mount of Olives outside of Jerusalem and ascended into heaven

The gospel accounts of Jesus's death lay the foundation for:

Much of the anti-jewish feeling and persecution that followed for 2000 years

All of the gospels agree that Jesus was a resident of the village of:

Nazareth in the province of Galilee

All saints day-

November 1- recently deceased are remembered and honored

Luther was tried and placed under an imperial edict that banned the printing and sale:

Of his books and forbade anyone to provide hospitality or shelter for him or his friends

The parables of Jesus are among the best remembered teachings in all religions because:

Of the brevity and beauty of the stories

Jesus and his followers arrived to Jerusalem at the time:

Of the celebration of passover

Pharisees were a group within judaism made up mostly:

Of the common people. Fairly liberal and progressive, Believed in the resurrection of the dead

The Roman empire gave the world:

One language

2 gospels, mark and john begin with the ministry of a mature Jesus:

Only Matthew and Luke speak of his birth, and only Luke contains materials relating to Jesus' childhood

Of all the major religions of the western world, christianity is the:

Only one to encourage monastic orders

For christians who choose a religious vocation instead of marriage:

Taking the holy orders is considered a sacrament

Largest issue dividing eastern and western christians:

Papacy

Example of christian missionary:

Paul

The new testament lists several of Jesus's disciplines as Pharisees, including:

Paul, the great missionary of the early church (some suggest Jesus was a pharisee)

By the 4th century, Athanasiius of Alexandria:

Placed his authority behind the 27 books of the New Testament

The major reason for the reformation in england was:

Political

The world of the first century roman empire was one of:

Political stability

In Jerusalem, Jesus's followers were able to:

Preach in languages they have never preached before

Luther came to declare that every christian was a:

Priest who could interpret scripture and that the popes and the church hiearchy were not superior to the believer

Each Gospel writer sees Jesus as a fulfilment of the :

Promises of the Hebrew Bible. Jesus and his apostles used the jewish synagogue as the starting point of their ministry

Gospels are very subjective and biased and:

Provide the best information we have about the life of Jesus

Bishop managed the church in a certain geographical area:

Qualifications were laid out by Paul in the epistles to Timothy and to Titus

Jesus was called _______________ by his disciplines

Rabbi

Vatican 2 attempted to bring the church up to date and took several steps towards:

Reconciliation with orthodox and protestant groups

The first seven servants chosen by the church of Jerusalem are frequently:

Referred to as deacons; although the new testament never calls them this

Many associate the new age with the:

Return of Jesus, the resurrection and the judgement of the dead

After Pauls missionaries, he returned to Jerusalem where he was arrested by the:

Roman authorities and imprisoned in Caesarea for several years and then sent to Rome to be tried by Caesar

Simon Peter was the first bishop of the:

Roman church

Benedict of Nursia:

Rule- a disciplinary guidebook that provided order for communities of monks and nuns

The Eucharist is considered a _______________ by most christians

Sacrament

Largest protestant denominations in america: Baptist:

Second- methodism

The gospel of John presents Jesus's ministry over:

Several seasons that seem to fit into a 3 year period

Although it is not mention in the new testament, a storing tradition says that:

Simon Peter went to rome and became leader

_______________ was the first martyr of Christian faith

Stephen

Constantine was the first roman emperor to:

Support Christianity

For christians, a sacrament is an outward and material ritual act or behavior:

That communicates an inward working of God in their lives

Occasionally, Jesus conveyed his messages in direct, simple statement such as:

The Beatitudes from the Sermon on the Mount

The bible of the early church was:

The Hebrew Bible

Jesus's final meal is not clear whether it was a common meal or:

The Passover Sedar

Teachings of the mormon church:

The afterlife is a transformative process through which humans can ultimately become divine

The main reasons for the reformation:

The beginning of the eupropean nationalism, the new learning of the renaissance and the decline of the papacy

Paul was among the first to attempt to state:

The beliefs of christianity systematically

Papacy-

The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.

The bishops of the church of rome became:

The christian popes

Teachings of the mormon church:

The church is led by prophets who continue to receive revelations from God

The best example of christianity freedom was the establishment of:

The church of england

Luther questioned:

The doctrine of transubstantation

Doctrine of transubstantiation:

The doctrine that states that the bread and wine truly become Jesus.

Jesus of Nazaeth was not mention in non-christianian literature until:

The end of the first century CE

The exact length of Jesus's public ministry is not known:

The events could fit into one year beginning and ending at passover

Pentecost-

The fiftieth day following Easter, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit on the early Apostles and disciples (the giving of the law on Mt. Sinai)

The most visible attempt to unionize christians and catholics was:

The formation of the world council of churches in amesterdam

The earliest christian writing:

The letters (epistles) Paul wrote to the christian congregations he established (advice on leadership, doctrine and worship)

Traditionally, christians accept johns outline and talk of a 3 year ministry:

The location of Jesus's ministry is also a matter of dispute

Introduced by the early medieval church:

The monastic movement

Our knowledge of the Jerusalem church comes from the accounts of:

The new testament book acts of the apostles

Jesus us most often remembered for his use of a teaching device called:

The parable

Augustus and his successors imposed their pax romana:

The peace of Rome

There wasnt really leadership in west Rome so:

The popes often stepped in

The Gospel of Luke is well stocked with Jesus's parables:

The prodigal son, the lost sheep and the parable of the good Samaritan

Johns gospels has Jesus spending more time in:

The province of Judea, around Jerusalem

The office of deacon was one of service:

The qualifications were as stringennt as those for bishop

When christian missionaries such as the Apostle Paul, began to spread the gospel of christianity:

The roman Empire provided the path

Sometimes paul is called:

The second founder of christianity

Within 100 years of the death of luther:

There were hundreds of denominations of protestant churches

As christianity divided into eastern and western branches:

These branches developed different sacred calendars

Evangelical mega churches have thousands of members and offer a wide array of social services:

They appeal to urban and suburban americans

Because christians were often from the slave classes and often met in secret:

They were accused of performing evil secret rituals

About 40 years after the death of jesus, people began writing about him:

They were centered on his death and resurrection; gospels

For Swiss reformers, the communion meal was a memorial:

This issue prevented a union between the Swiss protestants and the lutherans

After a time of public ministry, Jesus went to the north to Caesarea Philippi:

To be alone with his closest disciplines. After this Jesus and his followers began their journey to Jerusalem

Mark records that the women found the tomb empty and conversed with a young man there who:

Told them that Jesus had risen and gone into Galilee

The most complex christian teaching:

Trinity

In switzerland, the reform movement was led by:

Ulrich Zwingli- a contemporary of lither

In the first century CE, much of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East were:

Under Roman rule. The mediterranean Sea was a "Roman Lake"

Luther was convinced that he and all other humans were:

Unworthy of salvation. Called for moral reform

Jesus was sent out to the cross at nine o clock in the morning and:

Was dead by three o clock in the afternoon

What little learning and scholarship existed in the medieval period:

Was kept alive in monasteries

Baptism:

Washes away the taint of original sin. Any infant who dies without the benefit of baptism is technically destined for hell.

Baptism is understood to be the:

Washing away of original sin

Christian clergy had little official status and usually:

Were not paid for their preaching

East christians emphasize the divine nature of christ:

West emphasized his humanity

East christians allow for marriage before ordination:

West insist on celibacy

East christiand baptized by emerging:

West sprinkled

East christianians used greek as language:

West used latin

Eastern christians more interested in theological formulations:

Western more practical and concerned with survival in a hostile, decaying world

40 days after easter is ascesion day:

When christians remember that christ ascended into heaven after having spent time with his disciplines following his resurrection

John was a large and powerful figure in Judea:

When he preached his message of repentance, large crowds came down to the jordan river to head him.

Christianity grew until the 4th century:

When it became the official religion of the Roman Empire

Christianity began as a sect of judaism in the first century CE:

When the Roman Empire was at its peak and Augustus Caesar ruled

In the western chruch, christmas is celebrated on 12/25:

Whereas many of the orthodox churches keep this holiday in january

Jesus was opposed by the Zealots:

Who has arisen in gaililee soon after the birth of Jesus. Anti-roman patriots

The first chrisitan monastery is attributed to Pachomius:

Who was born in Egypt

After the Galilean villages, Jesus chose a band of followers:

Who would be his disciplines for the next few years (some had originally been disciplines of John the Baptist)

The Gospels state that the opposition to Jesus and the responsibility for his death came mainly from:

Within the body of Jewish leadership, especially from the party of the Pharisees

Pentecostalism-

a renewal movement within Protestant Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism with the Holy Spirit.

At the second vatican:

called for restoration of the catechumenate, the process of initiation known and practiced in the early church. RCIA published. restored the original purpose of this sacrament of healing: to be strengthened and healed of grace for those who are seriously ill or in the frailty of old age . It is no longer necessary or advisable to wait until one is at the point of death before asking for this sacrament

Denominations-

big groups of congregations that share the same faith and are governed under one administrative umbrella

Ecumenical movement-

encouraged interaction between Catholics and other Christians and came into prominence after the Second Vatican council

Both Matthew and Luke assert that Jesus's birth was unique:

in that he was born to Mary, who was a virgin

Epistles-

letters found in the New Testament to the early Christian communities about God's Revelation in Jesus Christ

The missionary movement-

movement where Christian missionary societies in the US began sending missionaries to other parts of the world; women involved

Sacrament-

something considered to have sacred significance

The Great Schism-

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054