WSU Life Span Development: Final

Which of the following statements is true about identity development?

Identity encompasses an individual's personality characteristics.

Which of the following does the new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasize?

Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence.

Which of the following statements is true about the impact of unemployment on an individual?

Researchers have found that unemployment is related to homicide.

Which of the following changes was seen in the division of responsibility for work and family when more U.S. women took jobs outside the home?

U.S. men started showing greater interest in their families and parenting.

Meghan and her group of five girls are all enthusiastic gymnasts. They hang out together after school and go to the mall on weekends. They are all of the same age and have similar tastes in music and food and, as a result, enjoy each other's company. Which of the following terms best describes this type of group?

clique

Which of the following is a major challenge for sexually interested older women (70 years or older)?

because of diminishing sensitivity to contrasts and reduced tolerance for glare

According to Kalish and Reynolds, middle-aged adults actually _____ than do young adults or older adults.

fear death more

Nancy was not able to decide whether she should major in music or take up an undergraduate program in engineering. After significant exploration of both options, she finally chose the latter, with a minor in music. Identify Nancy's status of identity.

identity achievement

The average U.S. high school dropout rates mask some very high dropout rates

in low-income areas of inner cities.

Which of the following is prominent in Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair?

life review

Aaron is a healthy, 65-year-old man. Compared with his 24-year-old son Harry, Aaron has much less brain volume. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this difference?

Aaron is experiencing shrinkage of neurons.

Which of the following is the finding of the longitudinal and cross-sectional assessment of intellectual abilities conducted by Schaie?

Decline in intellectual abilities was more likely in the cross-sectional assessments than in the longitudinal assessments.

_____ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older.

Falls

Which of the following is a more accurate vision of adolescence?

For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world.

Which of the following statements is true about the good-enoughs?

Good-enough women usually marry men who educationally and economically are similar to their first husbands.

In the context of cohabitation among older adults, which of the following statements is true?

In most cases, older adults cohabit for companionship than for love.

Which of the following is true of rape?

Legal definitions of rape usually differ from state to state.

Active euthanasia is legal in the state of

None of the above

Which of the following statements is true of obesity among the general population of the United States?

Obesity is more prevalent among American women with low income than among women with high income.

An advance directive, such as a living will, must be signed when

an individual is able to think clearly.

_____ adults have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships.

Securely attached

Which of the following is true of research findings on depression in older adults?

Suicidal ideation is strongly associated with depression severity in older adults.

Which of the following is the third-leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds today in the United States?

Suicide

A cross-cultural comparison of 21 countries done by Sedgh and others (2015) showed that _____ had the lowest adolescent pregnancy rate among 15- to 19-year-olds.

Switzerland

The largest increases in media use in early adolescence are for

TV and video games.

Derek is a young adult who recently graduated from college. Despite excelling at academics, he is unable to find a meaningful job. Derek has maturity fears, which he has been experiencing since his early adolescent years. He continues to live with his parents and relies on them for financial support. According to Joseph and Claudia Allen, which of the following should Derek's parents have done to launch him adequately into the adult years?

They should have created service learning opportunities for him.

Which of the following statements is true of spirituality?

Women have consistently shown a stronger interest in religion and spirituality than men have.

Researchers have found that ________ reduces the oxidative damage created by free radicals.

a diet restricted in calories

Kübler-Ross describes the _____ stage as the end of the dying struggle.

acceptance

Which of the following is one of the main reasons that grandparents are thrust back into the "parenting" role they thought they had shed?

adolescent pregnancies

Daughters of teenage mothers are

at increased risk for teenage childbearing.

According to recent studies, which of the following individuals showed lower levels of depressive symptoms?

attachment-secure adults

Marie is reluctant to marry because she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is

clearly the exception rather than the rule.

Sandra and Tom divorced after an 18-year marriage when Tom left Sandra for his colleague. Since the divorce two years ago, Sandra has been promoted in her job, has an active social life with her friends, and has taken up golf. However, when her friends suggest that she meet a man, Sandra tells them that she has no interest in men and that she is quite content with her life. Sandra is a(n)

competent loner.

A longitudinal study of more than 1,200 individuals across seven decades revealed that a higher score on the Big Five personality factor of _____ predicted a lower risk of earlier death from childhood through late adulthood.

conscientiousness

Carla is described by her coworkers as highly organized and meticulous. She has a strong sense of self-discipline. According to the Big Five factors of personality, Carla is most likely to score high on

conscientiousness.

In a study conducted by Nelson and others (2007), both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and _____ are important aspects of becoming an adult.

developing emotional control

Anorexia nervosa is a(n)

eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

Remembering the details of your vacation last summer is an example of ________ memory.

episodic

According to Harry Stack Sullivan, if adolescents fail to develop close friendships, they

experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth.

According to Jean Piaget, around age 11, the fourth stage of cognitive development, the _____ stage, begins.

formal operational

During the beginning of the ________ stage, when assimilation dominates, an adolescent's thoughts are full of idealism and possibilities.

formal operational

If ________ are not developed during childhood, critical-thinking skills are unlikely to mature in adolescence.

fundamental skills

Your elderly aunt Marie was recently admitted to a nursing home where there is a "residents' advisory board," consisting of the people who live in the home. The board consults with the staff on changes that affect the residents' lives and help plan the monthly activities. Based on a study by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer, you would expect Marie to be

happier than she was when she did not have any input into decisions affecting her life.

Martha is suffering from bulimia nervosa, whereas Jane has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. The difference between them is that Martha

has her weight within a normal range.

Sensitivity to _____ sounds usually declines first among _____.

high-pitched; men

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood?

identity development in adolescence

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following developmental stages is experienced by an individual during adolescence?

identity versus identity confusion

One of the benefits of a good marriage is

increased longevity.

According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.

intimacy

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities?

intimacy versus isolation

The four problems that affect most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and

juvenile delinquency.

According to a longitudinal study by John Schulenberg and his colleagues, by the time individuals reach their late twenties, _____ the use of alcohol and drugs.

many would have reduced

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics generally changed the most in the life span of an adult?

nurturance or hostility

Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college?

opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values

The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as _____ care.

palliative

Some theorists have pieced together cognitive changes in young adults and proposed a new stage of cognitive development. This stage is termed as

postformal thought.

Mike is 14 years old. When asked what he wants to be when he grows up, he promptly replies that he wants to be a lawyer and begins to speak about a recent case and how well the lawyers handled the case. However, his mother casually mentions that Mike's interests change almost every few weeks and that she feels that Mike should attend some career guidance sessions to decide what he wants to become. In the context of Erik Erikson's fifth developmental stage, this period of Mike's life is referred to as a _____.

psychosocial moratorium

Identify the possible double jeopardy for elderly ethnic minority individuals.

racism and ageism

A study by Paus and others (2007) found that the prefrontal cortex thickened and more brain connections formed when adolescents

resisted peer pressure.

Which of the following countries has the highest number of centenarians?

the United States