WW1

What support did Germany offer Austria-Hungary after the assassination?

"Blank Check" -Unconditional support

Point 14

"General association of nations" -protect all nations -peaceful negotations

Why did Britain and France show little sign of agreeing to Wilson's vision of peace?

-Britain/France want revenge -worried about national security

Why is Lawrence of Arabia an important individual?

-British help Arab nationalist rise up against their Turkish rulers -Lawrence of Arabia helped victory against Turks -Arabs help Allies gain control of Jerusalem, Baghdad, and Damascus

How did nationalism create a fierce rivalry among European nations? What were those nations?

-Competition for materials and markets -Great Britain was home of IR. -Germany challenged GB for dominance -Territory -Germany, Austia-Hungary, GB, Russia, Italy, France

First Battle of the Marne

-German Schlieffen Plan was working; they were able to gain access into Belgium -French found out where Germany was going to attack -Allies attack German; set them back 60 miles -The defeat left the Schlieffen Plan in ruins -In the east, Russia advanced into Germany -Germany sent troops from western front to eastern front -Germany had to now fight two front war

Second Battle of the Marne

-Germany was able to send all troops to Western front France now that Russia was out of war -German troops weekend -Allies and Untied States launched counterattack -Central power surrendered, first Bulgarians and Ottoman Turks -Battled ended with Armistice

Who did Gandhi support and why?

-India -supported participation in inprovment of status

The Battle on the Eastern Front

-Russia attack Austria and Germany -Germany was able to counterattack -Germany regained East Prussia and seized guns -Russia was able to defeat Austrians -Once Russia settled in Austria; Austrians fought Russians and was able to get them out of Austria-Hungary

Why were Russia and Austria-Hungary directly in conflict over the issue of Serbian nationalism?

-Russia mostly Slavic (supported Serbia) - Austria-Hingary was threatened\ - A-H took over Bosnia

Why was Russia's war effort near collapse? What was Russia's one military asset?

-Russia wasn't industrialized -Lack of food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, blankets -Allies couldn't send supplies There one asset was big population

Trench warfare

-Western front -Allies (BFR+IJ) against Germany -Deep tunnels -Protection

First 5 points

-end to secret treaties -freedom of seas -free trade -reduce militarism -adjust colonial claims for colonial people

Militarism- Explain how it helped cause the war.

-policy of glorifying military power. -army constantly prepared for war -made citizen feel patriotic -frightened citizens

What brought the Czar's government to the brink of collapse? Whats happens because of this?

-shortage of food and fuel -Czar abdicated -Provisional government established -P.G wanted to continue war -Communist leader Lenin took power and ended war -Truce with Germany

Why did the Treaty of Versailles do little to build a lasting peace?

A Peace Built on Quicksand -U.S. rejected treaty -German bitterness and humiliation -African and Asian people didn't gain freedom -Japan and Italy bitter (didn't get want they wanted)

How did the Allies want to end the stalemate? What other name was it given?

Attack Dardenelles -Hope to take Constantinople -establish supply line to Russia -sent troops to Austria through there Gallipoli Campaign Unsuccessful

What new countries were created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

Austria Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia

Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia

Who did Bismarck fear an alliance between? Why?

Feared Russian/French alliance Otto von Bismark was forced to resign -he feared a two-front war -when he left Germany, alliances became unstable F-->G & A-H <--R

Where was the Eastern Front?

German and Russian border

Zimmermann note

German message to Mexico -asking Mexico to join and they will help get land back -America called war against Germany

Triple Alliance

Germany Austia-Hungary Italy

Central Powers

Germany Austria-Hungary later joined Bulgaria Ottoman Empire

Explain how imperialism helped set the stage for war.

Germany and France fought over Morocco

Why did the British declare war on Germany?

Germany demanded their troops pass through Belgium. This made GB and Belgium to close alliance.. thus made Britain declare war on Germany

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Germany signed treaty with Russia -Russia had to give up land -Russia was out of the war

Unrestricted submarine warfare

Germany's naval blockade around Britian Sink ships w/o warning

Allied Powers

Great Britain France Russia later joined Japan Italy

Who was a free agent?

Italy

Rationing

Limits on many items -butter -shoe leather

What were the new tools of war?

Machine guns Tanks Airplanes Gas

Which former Ottoman lands were placed under the control of Britain?

Middle East

Propaganda

One-sided information

Treaty of Versailles

Official peace treaty between Germany and allied powers

What did Russia do in support of Serbia after Austria-Hungary declared war

Russia mobilizes to Austrian border

Explain the "chain reaction" of the alliances.

Russia sends troops to Austrian and German border, Germany declares war on Russia, Russia asked France to help, before France could react Germany declared war on them

What nationality was Gavrilo Princip?

Serbian *Austria Hungary blamed Serbia for assassination

Black Hand

Terrorist organization committed to ridding Bosnia from Austria

League of Nations, how did the treaty punish Germany?

US, GB, France, Italy and Japan -Keep the peace -Germany punished -lost territory -military restrictions -war guilt clause -pay back/reparations

What is an ultimatum? What was Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia? What was Serbia's response?

Ultimatum: list of demands that if not met, will lead to consequences. Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia: -End anti-Austrian activities -Allow Austrian official into Serbia Serbia's response: They agreed to most demands Wanted to negotiate Austria-Hungary declared war Serbia allies; Russia sent troops to Austrian border

Why did Germany embark on the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare?

Win before U.S. mobilize

Who were the Big Four - and what countries were they representing? WGDV

Woodrow Wilson; US Georges Clemenceau; France David Lloyd George; GB Vittorio Orlando; Italy

How did the war affect women?

Worked in factories

Armistice

aggrement to stop fighting November 11, 1918

Explain total war

all resources devoted to war

Schlieffen Plan

attack France first then Russia; German army would race WEST to attack France then return and attack Russian in EAST. To attack France they needed to go through Belgium. Belgium said no so, Germany attack them anyways. Great Britain, Belgium's ally declared war on Germany

Imperialism

competition for colonies

How did this "alliance system" help set the stage for war?

disagreement between alliances could start war

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

his death brought tension between alliances

Western Front

long bloody battlefield on France

What were the Fourteen Points?

plan for lasting peace