WWII Test

George Marshall

American general and Secretary of State who won the Nobel Peace Prize for his Marshall Plan.

Eisenhower

American general in Europe during WWII who masterminded the D-Day invasions

MacArthur

American general in the Pacific who led our counterattacks against both Japan and Korea.

What reason(s) does the website provide for why Japan ultimately felt it had to attack the United States at Pearl Harbor?

American intelligence officials were confident that any Japanese attack would take place in one of the (relatively) nearby European colonies in the South Pacific: the Dutch East Indies, Singapore or Indochina. Hawaii is also far from the U.S mainland.

Why does the website suggest that Japan viewed Pearl Harbor as an "irresistible target"?

American military leaders were not expecting an attack so close to home, the naval facilities at Pearl Harbor were relatively undefended. Almost the entire Pacific Fleet was moored around Ford Island in the harbor, and hundreds of airplanes were squeezed onto adjacent airfields.

What was the goal or hope of the Japanese by attacking the American forces at Pearl Harbor?

Destroy the Pacific Fleet. That way, the Americans would not be able to fight back as Japan's armed forces spread across the South Pacific.

Adolf Hitler:

Dictator of Germany

Mussolini:

Dictator of Italy.

Joseph Stalin:

Dictator of the USSR.

Which two countries signed a nonaggression pact before WWII started?

Germany and Italy, Mussolini and Hitler, sign a non-aggression pact before WWII started. They agree to not attack each other for 10 years and that they would split up Poland. Hitler made the pact so he didn't have to worry about fighting on the Eastern half of Germany. He wanted to avoid a two front war.

What city was the target of Nazi air raids during the Battle of Britain?

Germany's goal was to destroy London. London was bombed for 57 days in a row. Women and children were evacuated.

Japanese Americans were forced to relocate here

Internment Camps

Allied policy of avoiding Japanese strongholds in the Pacific while still advancing towards towards Japan

Island hopping

11. What was the significance of the Battle of Normandy (and D-Day) in terms of its overall impact on the war in Europe?

It began to turn the tide against the Nazis and it prevented Hitler from sending troops from France to build up his Eastern Front against the advancing Soviets

1. When and where did the attack occur that is now referred to as the "Attack on Pearl Harbor"?

It is a U.S Naval Base in Honolulu, Hawaii that was attacked on December 7, 1941 which is now referred to as the ¨Attack on Pearl Harbor.¨

What does the use of kamikaze pilots show about Japanese culture?

It showed that they had western culture because kamikaze is used to mean the suicide pilots of the Empire of Japan.

What is "island hopping?"

It was a strategy that the allied forces used to move closer to the goal of invading the Japanese homeland.

2. What was the Battle of the Bulge?

It was the last major German offensive of the war.

What country helped Germany in the fall of France? They were led by Mussolini.

Italy helped Germany in the fall of France. Mussolini led the Italians.

3. What was the codename of the battle that D-Day is associated with?

Its codename was Operation Overlord.

What nation attacks the United States at Pearl Harbor?

Japan attacks the United States at Pearl Harbor.

What countries practiced nationalism and wanted to prove their power to the world which caused WWII?

Japan, Italy, and Germany

Briefly explain the Japanese strategy at Pearl Harbor. How did they attack?

Japanese planes filled the skies of Pearl Harbor and they dropped bombs that sunk one of their ships, the USS Arizona. Next, torpedoes pierced the shell of the battleship USS Oklahoma. They wanted to damage their battleships.

1. What is the date of D-Day?

June 6, 1944 is the date of D-Day.

Japanese suicide pilots

Kamikaze

Who did not want a repeat of WWI and were desperate to avoid another war? What did this lead to?

the US and most of Europe; appeasement

France, Great Britain, Soviet Union, U.S

Allied Powers

Victory that turned the war against Japan

Battle of Midway

2. What is the name of the battle that D-Day is associated with?

Battle of Normandy is the name of the battle that D-Day is associated with.

7. In all, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled or destroyed ____ American ships and nearly _______ airplanes. Dry docks and airfields were likewise destroyed. Most important, almost ________ men were killed and another ________ were wounded.

20, 300, 2,403, 1,000

8. More than ____________ ships and landing craft carrying troops and supplies left England for the trip across the Channel to France, while more than ____________ aircraft were mobilized to provide air cover and support for the invasion.

5,000, 11,000

What were the main target of the kamikazes?

As the war started going badly for the Japanese they began flying suicide kamikaze missions. Japanese pilot would aim for American ships and try to ram them with their planes to sink them.

Germany, Italy, Japan

Axis powers

Churchill

British Prime Minister who led Great Britain through the Battle of Britain.

What French city did British soldiers escape from by using military and civilian yachts, speed boats, fishing vessels, etc?

British soldiers tried to escape from Dunkirk, a city in France, by using military and civilian yachts, speed boats, and fishing vessels.

british leader during WWII

Churchill

What occurred on D-DAY? Why was this significant?

D-Day- the western Allies invasion of Nazi held in France. The Invasion of Normandy.The Allied Forces of attacked German forces on the coast of Normandy, France. It was important to the Allied victory.

Leader of the free French

DeGualle

Leader of the US forces in the European theater and at D Day

Eisenhower

Hirohito:

Emperor of Japan.

What Allied country is attacked and overrun by the Germans?

France was attacked and overrun by the Germans.

10. Who was the American President at the time of the attack?

Franklin D. Roosevelt was the American President during the time of the attack of Pearl Harbor.

5. In January 1944,______________________ (1890-1969) was appointed commander of Operation Overlord.

General Dwight Eisenhower

What German weapon sinks Allied Merchant ships?

German U-boat submarine sink allied Merchant ships.

What was the Battle of Britain and how was it fought?

German planes bombed Britain which caused many deaths and a lot of damage. The Royal Air force defeated the German Air Force. It was an all air war.

Who were totalitarian powers?

Germany, Japan, and Italy

The amphibious invasions began at 6:30 a.m. The British and Canadians overcame light opposition to capture beaches codenamed____________________________ as did the Americans at Utah Beach. U.S. forces faced heavy resistance at ________________ Beach, where there were over 2,000 American casualties. However, by day's end, approximately 156,000 Allied troops had successfully stormed ______________ beaches. According to some estimates, more than 4,000 Allied troops lost their lives in the D-Day invasion, with thousands more wounded or missing.

Gold, Juno, and Sword, Omaha , Normandy

Winston Churchill:

Great Britain. Prime Minister during the war. He wanted to attack Hitler before he invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia. He is famous for his resolve during the Battle of Britain. British leader during WWII.

What strategy did MacArthur devise to defeat the Japanese in the Pacific and get close enough to invade Japan?

He used the island hopping strategy to defeat the Japanese in the Pacific and get close enough to invade them.

4. Who was Erwin Rommel and what was his role in the preparations for what would become D-Day?

He was in charge of spearheading defense operations, even though they didn´t know where the Allies would strike. Hitler charged Rommel with finishing the Atlantic Wall

City destroyed by the first atomic bomb

Hiroshima

What country did Hitler invade and found the same problems that Napoleon had encountered?

Hitler invaded Russia and found the same problems that Napoleon had encountered when he invaded Russia.

Who led Germany in the 1930s, and 1940s?

Hitler led the Germans in the 1930s and 1940s.

Explain the confusion that the Germans suffered from that that helped the Allied invasion on D-Day.

Hitler thought the invasion was a distraction to the Germans from a coming attack. He refused to release nearby divisions to join the counterattack. Reinforcements had to be called which caused delays. He also hesitated in calling for armored divisions to defend.

Why did Hitler want to bomb Britain? What was the end goal for him?

Hitler's goal to bomb Britain was to knock out the British Royal Air Force and then send soldiers across the channel to take over Britain. The end goal for Hitler was it was his first defeat and 25,000 civilians living in London died.

What German action signaled the beginning of WWII?

Hitler's invasion of Poland which signaled the beginning of WWII.

What is Lebensraum, and what did Hitler believe was the only way to achieve it?

Lebensraum was also known as living space. Hitler believed war was the only way to achieve this.

Leader of US forces in the Pacific

MacArthur

What results from Pearl Harbor?

Many deaths and it causes the U.S to enter WWII.

Why did they follow this policy?

Many in Britain and France wanted war with Germany before the annexation of Czechoslovakia.

6. Explain the tactics that the Allies used in order to deceive the Nazi's as to where they would make their invasion in Northern Europe.

Many tactics were used, including fake equipment; a phantom army commanded by George Patton and double agents; and fraudulent radio transmissions.

Hideki Tojo:

Military dictator of Japan.

List the territories Hitler seized prior to WWII:

Netherlands, Poland (started the war), Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Denmark, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Norway.

Nazi war crimes trials were held here

Nuremberg

Japan wanted to end US interference in Asia and the Pacific so they did what?

On December 7, 1941, Japanese warplanes attacked the American military base at Pearl Harbor.

What caused the US to enter WWII?

On December 8, 1941 the U.S declared war on Japan after they bombed Pearl Harbor.

attack that caused U.S to enter WWII, Dec. 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor

List reasons people thought we should not use the atomic bomb.

People thought we should not use the atomic bomb because of Pearl Harbor, and the decision was being influenced by revenge and racism. Many thought we would never use an atomic bomb on the Europeans. Scientists of the project did not want to use it. Overestimates of the possible casualties of an invasion to frighten the public. Civilian targets would be killed in the tens of thousands and create illness for generations.

List reasons people thought we should use the atomic bomb.

People thought we should use the bomb because Pacific War Battles were brutal and savage. Also because of the Kamikaze (the lengths they would go) and Bushido ( every citizen and soldier die fighting). The Manhattan Project was a 2 million dollar investment and without the drop of a bomb, it would be a waste. There would also be horrific casualties of the Japanese people.

Hitlers invasion that began WWII

Poland

What country was invaded by the Germans to start World War 2?

Poland was invaded by the Germans which started WWII.

Harry Truman

President of the United States who dropped the atomic bombs on Japan and defended Korea.

FDR

President of the United States who led America through the Great Depression and WWII.

US president through most of WWII

Roosevelt

Who won the Battle of Stalingrad?

Russia won the Battle of Stalingrad against the Germans who surrendered.

Why was this significant?

The Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in Eastern Europe. The Germans were on the retreat back to Berlin from that point forward. While this battle was going on, Stalin was still trying to get Churchill and Roosevelt to invade France.

2. To what extent was the United States prepared or aware that an attack on Pearl Harbor was imminent? Identify the evidence the website uses to show the awareness that an attack was likely to occur.

The Japanese government believed that the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems was to expand into its neighbor's territory and take over its import mark. They attacked China. During months of negotiations between Tokyo and Washington, D.C., neither side would budge.

The victory in which war gave them the idea to do this?

The Japanese thought they could repeat their success at Port Arthur which helped them defeat the Russians in 1902.

8. Explain why the Japanese attack was unsuccessful in terms of its intent or goal.

The Pearl Harbor assault had left the base's most vital onshore facilities intact. Therefore, the U.S. Navy was able to rebound relatively quickly from the attack.

What did the USA make the Japanese emperor do after he agreed to surrender?

The U.S forced the emperor to go on the radio, no emperor had spoken ever spoken to such a large audience because they didn't speak in public. He had to tell the Japanese people that they were surrendering and that he was not a god.

In the last paragraph, what two superpowers face off against each other and what was this called?

The United States and the Soviet Union would face off against each other in the Cold War.

9. What was the significance of the Attack on Pearl Harbor in terms of the overall history of World War Two (WWII)?

The United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The people will work to overcome the attacks.

What happened on D-Day?

The allies wanted to invade Europe and they had many soldiers in Normandy, France. This caused Hitler to bring his army to the west which helped lead to Germany's defeat in the east. Soviet troops went to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania. This lead to victory for the Americans.

What weapon ended the war with Japan

The atomic bomb ended the war with Japan.

7. What was the original intended day for D-Day? Why was it ultimately delayed?

The intended day was June 5, 1944; however, bad weather on the days leading up to the operation caused it to be delayed for 24 hours.

What destabilized Europe and helped World War 2 come about?

There was political and economic instability in Germany and resentment from the Treaty of Versailles which helped WWII to come about.

What was the western democracies policy regarding the aggression of the Axis nations in the 1930's?

They followed a policy of appeasement in an effort to keep the peace.

What cities were the atomic bomb used on?

They were used on the Japanese cities called Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

U.S president who ordered the dropping of the atomic bomb

Truman

Which President ultimately decided to use the atomic bomb?

Truman, U.S President, was the one who ultimately decided to use the atomic bomb on Japan.

George Marshall:

U.S. General and commander of all US forces during the war.

Franklin D. Roosevelt:

U.S. He is the one who signs the Lend Lease Act and he is proponent of the US entering WWII. He didn't have public support until Japan bombs Pearl Harbor. President through most of WWII.

Dwight D. Eisenhower:

U.S. He was leader of the U.S forces in the European theater and at D-Day. He was commander of all Allied forces in Western Europe. Led the invasion of Normandy on D-Day.

Douglas J. MacArthur:

U.S. Leader of the U.S forces in the Pacific. He was commander of the Allied forces of the Pacific. His island hopping strategy helped win the war. He will become the military dictator of Japan during the US occupation of Japan under martial law the following year.

Harry Truman:

U.S. President who ordered the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan.

"We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hill; we shall never surrender." What leader of England said this?

Winston Churchill said this.

Policy of giving in to Hitler´s demands to avoid war

appeasement

all air war; no ground troops were involved

battle of britain

German- style attack called lightning war

blitzkrieg

There was aggression of totalitarian powers to do what which caused WWII?

invade territories and take land from their neighbors in violation of treaties and League of Nations directives