Year 6 Maths

Quadrant

1. A quarter of a circle 2. Each section of a co-ordinate grid between the horizontal and vertical axes

Fraction

A number less than one, written like this: 3/4

Factor

A number that divides exactly into another number

Prime Number

A number that has exactly two factors, itself and 1. For example 2, 3, 5 and 7 are prime numbers, but 1 is NOT a prime number because it only has one factor

Common multiple

A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers; for example, 100 is a common multiple of 20 and 25

Multiple

A number that is a product (multiplication) of a factor; for example, 6 is a multiple of 2 because 6 = 2 x 3

Negative number

A number that is less than zero. Such as -4

Composite number

A number that is not a prime number

Rhombus

A parallelogram with four equal sides

Cube

A solid shape with six faces that are all identical squares

Obtuse-angled triangle

A triangle in which one angle is an obtuse angle.

Right-angles triangle

A triangle in which one of the angles is 90 degrees

Equilateral triangle

A triangle that has three equal sides and three equal angles of 60 degrees

Isosceles Triangle

A triangle that has two equal sides and two equal angles

Scalene triangle

A triangle with three sides of different lengths and three angles of different sizes

Mean

A typical value for a set of numerical data, equal to the sum of all the values divided by the number of values, often referred to as the 'average'.

Integer

A whole number, it may be positive or negative: for example, 4, -3 and 17.

Obtuse Angle

An angle between 90 and 180 degrees

Right angle

An angle that is equal to 90 degrees

Acute Angle

An angle this between 0 degrees and 90 degrees

Equivalent fractions

Fractions that have the same value although their numerators and denominators are different. For example, 3/4=9/12 so 3/4 and 9/12 are equivalent fractions

Equivalent fractions, decimals and percentages

Fractions, decimals and percentages that are equal in value; for example, 20%=0.2=1/5

Reflection

How a shape would look if it were seen in a mirror. The resulting shape is its image.

Data

Information, for example, the highest daily temperature. Data usually comprises a group of such values that can be analysed and plotted on a chart or table

Parallel

Lines that are the same distance apart and will never meet, however, long they are.

Estimate, estimation

Make an approximation, often by calculating with round numbers

Simplify

Reduce a fraction to its lowest terms

Round up

Round a number to an approximation that is larger than the number

Round down

Round a number to an approximation that is smaller than the number

Remainder

The 'left over' part of a division calculation. For example, 25 divided by 2 = 12 remainder 1

Area

The amount of space inside a flat (2D) shape such as a rectangle or circle. It is measured in square units, such as square centimetres (cm2)

Translation

The description of how an object is moved, first along and then up or down, to make a new image.

Median

The middle value in a row of numbers arranged in numerical order. If the number of values is even, the median is the mean of the middle two numbers.

Product

The result of a multiplication

Difference

The result of a smaller number being taken away from a larger number. For example, the difference between 5 and 11 is 11-5=6

Square number

The result of multiplying a number by itself. For example, 4x4=16 so 16 is a square number.

Lowest common multiple (LCM)

The smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers: for example, 50 is the lowest common multiple of 10 and 25.

Long Multiplication

Multiplication by a number with two or more digits, which, which shows each stage of the calculation and works out multiplication by first the units, then the tens, and so on, in each line of the frame, before the rows are added together

Imperial Units

Non-metric units in common usage in Britain and America; for example Mass (ounces, pounds, stone tons) Length (inches, feet, yards, miles) Volume (pints, quarts, gallons)

Sector

Part of a circle between two radii.

Prime factor

Prime factors are the factors of a number that are prime numbers. For example, 2 and 3 are prime factors of 6.

Highest common factor

The largest number that is a factor of two or more numbers; for example, 6 is the highest common factor of 24 and 30

Powers of 10

The numbers that are ten multiplied by itself several times, for example, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000, etc

Order of Operations

The order in which a calculation should be done: Brackets, Index Numbers, then divide multiply, add and subtract (BIDMAS).

Circumference

The perimeter or line round the outside of a circle

Decimal places

The place-value positions to the right of the decimal point. They are tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc

Axes

The plural of axis. The lines at the base and to the left of a graph, which is a list of data.

Cancel

The process of dividing the numerator (top number) and denominator (bottom number) of a fraction by one or more common factors to bring it down to its lowest terms

Numerator

The top number on a fraction. It tells you how many parts of the whole you are working with

Rotation

The turning of an object through a number of degrees, clockwise or anticlockwise, about a centre of rotation

Mode

The value in a set of data that occurs most often.

Quotient

The whole-number part of an answer to a division calculation. For example, in 25 divided by 2 = 12 remainder 1, 12 is the quotient

Square root

A factor of a number that can be multiplied by itself to give the number. For example 16=4x4, so 4 is the square root of 16.

Polygon

A flat shape with sides that are straight lines.

Lowest terms

A fraction in which the numerator and denominator have no common factors.

Percentage

A fraction written in hundredths of a whole, with a percentage sign; for example, 25% = 25/100

Radius

A line from the centre of a circle to the circumference; in any one circle, all radii are the same length

Diagonal

A line joining non-adjacent corners on a flat shape

Diameter

A line joining two points on the circumference of a circle, that passes through the centre.

Line Graph

A line that represents the relationship between two variables, such as distance and time. It maybe straight or curved. A conversion graph is also a line graph.

Decimal fraction

A number less than one, written after a decimal point

Symbol

A number or operation written as a letter or simple shape.

Common Factor

A number that is a factor of two or more numbers; for example, 5 is a common factor of 20 and 25

Digit

A numeral, from 0-9 used to make numbers; for example, 45 is a two-digit number

Factor pair

A pair of factors that, when multiplied together give the number of which they are both factors. For example 1,2,3 and 6 are factors of 6 and 6=2x3, 6=2x1, so 1 and 6, 2 and 3 are factor pairs of 6

Parallelogram

A quadrilateral that has two pairs of equal parallel sides.

Rectangle

A quadrilateral with four right angles and two pairs of equal sides

Formula

A rule used to calculate a specific value, oftenwritten in letters or workds; for example, the formula for the volume of a cuboid is length x width x height or V=l x w x h

Cuboid

A solid shape with six faces that are all rectangles, although some faces may be squares

Conversion graph

A straight-line graph that can be used to convert between standard units of measurement or currencies

Protractor

A transparent circular or semi-circular scale, used to measure angles.

Pie Chart

A circular chart in which quantities can be compared by the angles at the centre of the sectors.

Reflex angle

An angle between 180 and 360 degrees

Improper Fraction

a fraction whose numerator is larger than the denominator

Perimeter

The distance or length around the outside of a flat (2D) shape.

Mixed Number

A combination of a whole number and a fraction; for example 2 1/3

Speed

A compound unit relating distance and time, usually written as kilometres per hour (km/h or kpm) or miles per hour (mph)

Long Division

Division by a number with two or more digits, which shows each stage of the calculation and works down the page

Sum

The answer to an addition calculation. For example, the sum of 3 and 4 is 7.

Equivalent units

The approximate comparison between metric and imperial units. For example 1 foot is approximately 30cm

Denominator

The bottom number of a fraction. It tells you how many parts there are in the whole.

Co-ordinates

The horizontal and vertical distances from the origin (0,0), used to plot a point on a grid; for example, the point with co-ordinates (3,5) is 3 units along the horizontal axis and 5 units up the vertical axis, counting from 0 on each axis

3D

Three-dimensional: a solid object such as a cube or a rectangle or a sphere

Vertically opposite

Two of the angles formed when two straight lines cross. At every such point, there are two pairs of equal vertically opposite angles

2D

Two-dimensional: a flat shape such as a rectangle or a circle

Metric units

Units of mass (weight), length and volume that are in use in Britain and in Europe, as well as many other countries.

Round

Write a number so that it is not exact but is a close approximation. A number can be rounded to the nearest whole number, ten, hundred, thousand, etc. Or to one, two, three or more decimal places. For example, 239 is 240 to the nearest 10. 3.2546 is 3.3, correct to one decimal place,