Zoheed 1-6b - Genes How they work

Prokaryotes have one type of RNA polymerase. Eukaryotes have ____ types of RNA polymerase.

3

The number of nucleotides required to specify an amino acid is

3

How many unique mRNA codons can be constructed from the four different RNA nucleotides?

64

If the DNA triplet code were ATG CGT, the tRNA anticodons would be

AUG CGU.

The Central Dogma of biology is stated as

DNA→ RNA→ proteins

In eukaryotes, the empty RNA molecules exit the ribosome from the

E site.

Of the types of RNA polymerase that are known, which one is the most complex?

II

Transcription in prokaryotes is carried out by the enzyme ______, which unwinds and transcribes the gene.

RNA polymerase

Transcription is the first stage in the Central Dogma. Transcription is initiated by

RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.

The different components of the protein synthesizing machinery include all of the following except

RNA polymerase.

Humans and a bacterium make human insulin. How is this possible?

The human insulin gene was inserted into a bacterium's genome, and since the genetic code is nearly universal, the bacterium is able to produce human insulin

If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is ATCGCTCC, what is the corresponding sequence of bases in mRNA?

UAGCGAGG

Initiation of transcription differs from initiation of DNA replication in several ways. One such difference is that transcription does not require

a primer.

The initiation complex for protein synthesis contains all of the following except

a release factor.

Specific amino acids are attached to tRNA molecules by

activating enzymes.

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that lines up on the mRNA is

an anticodon.

The 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA is called the

codon.

The location of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells is the

cytoplasm.

In eukaryotes, mRNA processing involves all of the following events except

elongation of the transcript.

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are modified

in the nucleus.

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are occasionally interspersed with non-coding sequences that must be removed before protein synthesis. These are called

introns.

Which of the following best identifies the various types of RNA that play a role in protein synthesis in eukaryotes?

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, and SRP RNA

Protein synthesis proceeds by the ribosome

moving three nucleotides at a time on the mRNA.

The codons that serve as "stop" signals for the protein synthesis are called

nonsense codons

The bond that forms between the newly added amino acid and the previous amino acid on the chain is called a

peptide bond.

The genetic code operates on all the following principles except

the first nucleotide in every codon is always the same

The 3' Poly-A tail is attached to

the mRNA.

Besides the triplet nature of the genetic code, the other major piece of information that was provided by Crick and his coworkers is that

the reading of the code occurs without any punctuation.

The transfer of information from DNA to mRNA is referred to as

transcription.

Because nucleic acid sequence information is changed into amino acid sequence information, polypeptide synthesis is known as

translation

Ribosome movement along the mRNA transcript is called

translocation.

The process that occurs when a ribosome moves three more nucleotides along the mRNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction is referred to as

translocation.