08.10H Segment Two Exam Part A
What did Mohandas Gandhi and Kenyatta have in common?
Both led protests against British rule.
What caused the First Opium War?
British attempts to force China to accept opium as payment
How did advancements in the steam engine affect industrialization?
By making it possible to use steam power anywhere
Use the map below showing the physical characteristics of Europe to answer the following question: Based on the physical characteristics, which area would likely have the highest population?
Coastal Great Britain
What was the major contribution of 16th-century Flemish doctor Andreas Vesalius?
He dissected bodies to correct misconceptions about anatomy.
How were Joseph II's policies similar to those of constitutional monarchies in England?
He increased citizens' rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech.
How did Nelson Mandela influence democratic reforms in South Africa?
He led the African National Congress in protest of apartheid.
How did World War I assist the women's suffrage movement in the United States?
Women served valuable jobs during war efforts, breaking down resistance to suffrage.
What Renaissance idea encouraged the Enlightenment by promoting the importance of the individual?
Humanism
The passage below is an excerpt from Robert Owen's A New View of Society (1813—1816). Use the passage to answer the following question: Train any population rationally, and they will be rational. Furnish honest and useful employments to those so trained, and such employments they will greatly prefer to dishonest or injurious occupations. It is beyond all calculation the interest of every government to provide that training and that employment; and to provide both is easily practicable. --Public Domain Which theory, described in this passage, was challenged by Karl Marx? WRONG
Mercantilism
What historical event changed Napoleon's identity from that of a conqueror to that of a failure?
The Battle of Waterloo
Which scientist transformed modern physics by developing the theory of relativity?
Albert Einstein
To what extent did the Enlightenment philosophers influence the French and American revolutions? Cite specific examples.
Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were notable influences on the French and American revolutions. These revolutions desired the principles of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness stated in the U.S. Declaration of Independence, however many of these ideas derived from the thinking of the Enlightenment philosophers mentioned above. In addition, when the French were drafting their own declaration of independence, they were unquestionably influenced by the U.S. Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution. Both of these writings were heavily influenced by Enlightenment philosophers.
How did the Industrial Revolution impact imperialism?
European nations conquered other lands to gather natural resources needed to fuel industrialization.
Why were Creoles in Latin America motivated to revolt against Spain and Portugal?
Even though they were citizens, they had no power to participate in government.
What did Enlightenment philosophes believe?
Individual rights should be protected.
How did the Lowell System affect the lives of young, unmarried women in the United States?
It gave them company-owned towns in which to live.
How did unification strengthen Italy as an industrial nation?
Resources and technology could be shared across the whole nation.
How did Enlightenment ideas influence modern beliefs about the importance of education? Support your answer with specific examples and evidence from the lessons.
The Enlightenment improved the educational system significantly. To begin with, the amount of books printed grew at an exponential rate, encouraging people to learn and explore more information. They even started looking for answers to the big questions about life. Philosophers were questioning conventional thinking and developing through knowledge. Denis Diderot, a philosopher, co-founded a universal encyclopedia, for example. Via publications which not only provided facts but also guided readers' views, this encyclopedia promoted education for everyone. This encyclopedia explores the Enlightenment's principles. The Bill of Rights is one of the most important effects of the Enlightenment on western values. Finally, the Enlightenment demonstrates the belief that education must be open and accessible to all, which I feel is accurate in our country.
Use the map below that shows the populations of European countries to answer the following question: Which of the following conclusions is supported by the map?
The European countries with the lowest population have a population less than one million.
How did Copernicus and Galileo build on the work of scientists in the Middle Ages?
The Renaissance view of science, which contributed to the Industrial Revolution, was doubted by Copernicus. Ptolemy's theory was defined as a geocentric system, in which the earth is at the core of the solar system. Copernicus was perplexed by this, so he proposed a heliocentric system, in which the sun is at the middle of the solar system. Galileo also discovered proof that backed up Copernicus' heliocentric theory.
Which economic factor was a chief cause of the French Revolution?
The burden of taxes in France fell primarily on the Third Estate.
Why did the Church see the heliocentric view of the solar system as a challenge to its authority?
The heliocentric view, if correct, might mean God did not put humans at the center of the universe.
How did Baron de Montesquieu's beliefs influence the development of the United States Constitution?
The importance of ensuring no one person or branch in government held all the power influenced the framing of the United States Constitution.
