1. Foundations: Data, Data, Everywhere

A data analyst finishes using a dataset, so they erase or shred the files in order to protect private information. This is called archiving. 1. True 2. False

2. False

Data analysts ensure their analysis is fair for what reason? 1. Fairness helps them pick and choose which data to include from a dataset 2. Fairness helps them stay organized 3. Fairness helps them communicate with stakeholders 4. Fairness helps them avoid biased conclusions

4. Fairness helps them avoid biased conclusions

An airport wants to make its luggage-handling process faster and simpler for travelers. A data analyst examines and evaluates how the process works currently in order to achieve the goal of a more efficient process. What methodology do they use? 1. The five whys 2. Data visualization 3. Strategy 4. Gap analysis

4. Gap analysis

Select the best description of gut instinct. 1. Using your innate ability to analyze results 2. Manipulating data to match your intuition 3. Choosing facts that complement your personal experiences 4. An intuitive understanding of something with little or no explanation

4. An intuitive understanding of something with little or no explanation

Find a more environmentally friendly way to produce its furniture. A data analyst gathers relevant data, analyzes it, and uses it to draw conclusions. The analyst then shares their analysis with subject-matter experts from the manufacturing team, who validate the findings. Finally, a plan is put into action. This scenario describes what process? 1. Data-driven decision-making 2. Data science 3. Customer service 4. Identification of trends

1. Data-driven decision-making

During which phase of data analysis would a data analyst use spreadsheets or query languages to transform data in order to draw conclusions? 1. Process 2. Prepare 3. Act 4. Analyze

4. Analyze

In data analytics, what is the term for elements that interact with one another in order to produce, manage, store, organize, analyze, and share data? 1. Data storage systems 2. Data compositions 3. Data maps 4. Data ecosystems

4. Data ecosystems

Which of the following statements best defines data? 1. Data is an assortment of questions 2. Data is the use of calculations and statistics 3. Data is a business process 4. Data is a collection of facts

4. Data is a collection of facts

Having a technical mindset is an analytical skill involving what? 1. Breaking things down into smaller steps or pieces 2. Understanding the condition in which something exists or happens 3. Balancing roles and responsibilities 4. Managing people, processes, and tools

1. Breaking things down into smaller steps or pieces

Identify the real-world examples of how a company might make data-driven decisions. Select all that apply. 1. Scheduling a certain number of restaurant employees to work based on the average number of lunch-goers per day 2. Suggesting new music to a customer based on their listening history 3. Choosing e-commerce solutions based on customer shopping preferences 4. Making spending decisions based on the gut instinct of the company accountant

1. Scheduling a certain number of restaurant employees to work based on the average number of lunch-goers per day 2. Suggesting new music to a customer based on their listening history 3. Choosing e-commerce solutions based on customer shopping preferences

Curiosity, understanding context, and having a technical mindset are all examples of ____ used in data-driven decision-making. 1. analytical skills 2. thought processes 3. business strategies 4. data model

1. analytical skills

Correlation is the aspect of analytical thinking that involves figuring out the specifics that help you execute a plan. 1. True 2. False

2. False

Data analysis is the various elements that interact with one another in order to provide, manage, store, organize, analyze, and share data. 1. True 2. False

2. False

_____ involves the ability to break things down into smaller steps or pieces and work with them in an orderly and logical way. 1. Curiosity 2. Context 3. A technical mindset 4. Data strategy

3. A technical mindset

What practice involves identifying, defining, and solving a problem by using data in an organized, step-by-step manner? 1. Context 2. Visualization 3. Analytical thinking 4. Data design

3. Analytical thinking

On a railway line, peak ridership occurs between 7:00 AM and 5:00 PM. The fairness of a passenger survey could be improved by over-sampling data from which group? 1. Daytime riders 2. Male passengers 3. Female passengers 4. Nighttime riders

4. Nighttime riders

Being able to identify a relationship between two or more pieces of data describes _____. 1. correlation 2. detail-oriented thinking 3. problem-orientation 4. visualization

1. correlation

What is the process of using facts to guide business strategy? 1. Data visualization 2. Data-driven decision-making 3. Data ethics 4. Data programming

2. Data-driven decision-making

A furniture manufacturer wants to find a more environmentally friendly way to make its products. A data analyst helps solve this problem by gathering relevant data, analyzing it, and using it to draw conclusions. The analyst then shares their analysis with subject-matter experts from the manufacturing team, who validate the findings. Finally, a plan is put into action. This is scenario describes data science. 1. True 2. False

2. False

In data analytics, SQL is an acronym meaning _____ query language. 1. software 2. syntax 3. structured 4. statistical

3. structured

What method involves asking numerous questions in order to get to the root cause of a problem? 1. Curiosity 2. Inquiry 3. Strategizing 4. The five whys

4. The five whys

Data analysts use the five analytical skills of curiosity, understanding context, having a technical mindset, data design, and data strategy to make _______ decisions. 1. intuitive 2. more efficient 3. forward-looking 4. data-driven

4. data-driven

The primary goal of a data _____ is to create new questions using data. 1. analyst 2. designer 3. engineer 4. scientist

4. scientist

In the data life cycle, which phase involves using data to solve problems, make good decisions, and support business goals? 1. plan 2. Manage 3. Analyze 4. Capture

3. Analyze

SELECT * FROM employee WHERE jobCode = 'FTE' AND LastName = 'James' In this query, the data analyst wants to retrieve data from which table? 1. LastName 2. employee 3. James 4. jobCode

2. employee

The people very familiar with a business problem are called _____. They are an important part of data-driven decision-making. 1. competitors 2. subject-matter experts 3. customers 4. stakeholders

2. subject-matter experts

To execute a plan using detail-oriented thinking, what does a data analyst consider? 1. The big picture 2. The main idea 3. The specifics 4. The root cause

3. The specifics

In data analytics, a model is a group of elements that interact with one another. 1. True 2. False

2. False

A real estate company needs to hire a human resources assistant. The owner asks a data analyst to help them decide where to advertise the job opening. The analyst learns that the majority of human resources professionals are women, validates this finding with research, and targets ads to a women's community college. This is fair because the analyst conducted research to make sure the information about gender breakdown of human resources professionals was accurate. 1. True 2. False

2. False

The five whys is a technique that involves asking, "why?" five times in order to achieve what goal? 1. Visualize how a process should look in the future 2. Identify the root cause of a problem 3. Put a plan into action 4. Use facts to guide business strategy

2. Identify the root cause of a problem

A data analyst wants to demonstrate a trend of how something has changed over time. What type of chart is best for this task? 1. Column 2. Line 3. Area 4. Bar

2. Line

An online gardening magazine wants to understand why its subscriber numbers have been increasing. What kind of reports can a data analyst provide to help answer that question? Select all that apply. 1. Reports that predict the success of sales leads to secure future subscribers 2. Reports that compare past weather patterns to the number of people asking gardening questions to their social media 3. Reports that examine how a recent 50% - off sale affected the number of subscription purchases 4. Reports that describe how many customers shared positive comments about the gardening magazine on social media in the past year

2. Reports that compare past weather patterns to the number of people asking gardening questions to their social media 3. Reports that examine how a recent 50% - off sale affected the number of subscription purchases 4. Reports that describe how many customers shared positive comments about the gardening magazine on social media in the past year

In which data analysis phase would a data analyst use visuals such as charts or graphs to simplify complex data for better understanding? 1. Process 2. Share 3. Prepare 4. Act

2. Share

What are some reasons why a data analyst might use data visualizations? Select all that apply. 1. To edit data in color 2. To reinforce data analysis 3. To explain complex data quickly 4. To create interesting graphs

2. To reinforce data analysis 3. To explain complex data quickly 4. To create interesting graphs

What steps do data analysts take to ensure fairness when collecting data? Select all that apply. 1. Clean the data provided 2. Use an inclusive sample population 3. Include data self-reported by individuals 4. Understand the social context

2. Use an inclusive sample population 3. Include data self-reported by individuals 4. Understand the social context

The primary goal of a data _____ is to find answers to existing questions by creating insights from data sources. 1. scientist 2. analyst 3. engineer 4. designer

2. analyst

A query language is a computer programming language that enables data analysts to retrieve and manipulate data from a _______. 1. drive 2. database 3. folder 4. spreadsheet

2. database

During the ____ phase of the data life cycle, a business decides what kind of data is needs, how it will be managed, who will be responsible for it, and the optimal outcomes. 1. capture 2. planning 3. manage 4. archive

2. planning

What is the main difference between a formula and a function? 1. A formula is used to add or subtract; a function is used to multiply or divide 2. A formula begins with an equal sign (=); a function begins with an asterisk (*) 3. A formula is a set of instructions used to perform a specified calculation; a function is a preset command that automatically performs a specified process 4. A formula can be used multiple times in a spreadsheet; a function can only be used once

3. A formula is a set of instructions used to perform a specified calculation; a function is a preset command that automatically performs a specified process

After you added data to the spreadsheet, you cleaned up the chart. What step did you take to make the chart descriptive? 1. Converting the bar chart to a pie chart 2. Changing the color of the chart 3. Adding a title to the chart 4. Removing the dates from the chart

3. Adding a title to the chart

After opening the ice cream shop on her farm, the same dairy farmer then surveys the local community about people's favorite flavors. She uses the data she collected to determine that the top five flavors are strawberry, vanilla, chocolate, mint chip, and peanut butter. She feels confident in her decision to sell these flavors. This is part of which phase of the data life cycle? 1. Archive 2. Plan 3. Analyze 4. Capture

3. Analyze

Sharing the results of your analysis with colleagues who are very familiar with the business problem supports what practice? 1. Data analytics 2. Data science 3. Data-driven decision-making 4. Data management

3. Data-driven decision-making

You are planning a road trip. Your first step is to break down the planning into smaller pieces. You begin by calculating your budget. Then, you choose a destination and departure date. Next, you plan where to stay, what vehicle to take, and how long you want to be on the road. Which analytical skill does this scenario describe? 1. Understanding context 2. Curiosity 3. Having a technical mindset 4. Data design

3. Having a technical mindset

A large hotel chain sees about 500 customers per week. A data analyst working there is gathering data through customer satisfaction surveys. They are anxious to begin analysis, so they start analyzing the data as soon as they receive 50 survey responses. This is an example of what? Select all that apply. 1. Failing to include diverse perspectives in data collection 2. Failing to collect data anonymously 3. Failing to have a large enough sample size 4. Failing to reward customers for participating in the survey

1. Failing to include diverse perspectives in data collection 3. Failing to have a large enough sample size

Understanding context is an analytical skill best described by which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Identifying the motivation behind the collection of a dataset 2. Adding descriptive headers to columns of data in a spreadsheet 3. Working with facts in an orderly manner 4. Gathering additional information about data to understand the broader picture

1. Identifying the motivation behind the collection of a dataset 2. Adding descriptive headers to columns of data in a spreadsheet 4. Gathering additional information about data to understand the broader picture

A dairy farmer decides to open an ice cream shop on her farm. After surveying the local community about people's favorite flavors, she takes the data they provided and stores it in a secure hard drive so it can be maintained safely on her computer. This is part of which phase of the data life cycle? 1. Manage 2. Analyze 3. Plan 4. Archive

1. Manage

Based on what you have learned in this course, spreadsheets are digital worksheets that enable data analysts to do which of the following tasks? Select all that apply. 1. Organize data in columns and rows 2. Sort and filter data 3. Choose a topic for data analysis 4. Store data

1. Organize data in columns and rows 2. Sort and filter data 4. Store data

SELECT * FROM employee WHERE jobCode = 'FTE' AND LastName = 'James' What does the asterisk (*) after SELECT tell the database to do in this query? 1. Select all columns from the employee table 2. Select the LastName column from the employee table 3. Select all data that meets the criteria as stated in the query 4. Select all data that meets the criteria as stated in the query, then multiply it

1. Select all columns from the employee table

A data analyst finishes analyzing data for a marketing project. The results are clear, so they present findings and recommendations to the client. What should they have done before that presentation? 1. Shared the results with subject-matter experts from the marketing team for their input 2. Created a model based on the results of the analysis 3. Surveyed customers about results, conclusions, and recommendations 4. Archived the datasets in order to keep them secure

1. Shared the results with subject-matter experts from the marketing team for their input

What are the key benefits of data visualizations? Select all that apply. 1. They can clearly demonstrate patterns and trends 2. They can ensure that you get fewer questions about your analysis 3. They can illustrate relationships between data points 4. They can help stakeholders understand complex data more quickly

1. They can clearly demonstrate patterns and trends 3. They can illustrate relationships between data points 4. They can help stakeholders understand complex data more quickly

In a table, an attribute is a characteristic or quality of data used for what purpose? 1. To label a column 2. To perform a calculation 3. To gather related data 4. To reference a cell

1. To label a column

A data analyst is analyzing fruit and vegetable sales at a grocery store. They're able to find data on everything except red onions. If they exclude red onions from the analysis, this would be an example of creating or reinforcing bias. 1. True 2. False

1. True

A database is a collection of data stored in a computer system. 1. True 2. False

1. True

A problem is an obstacle to be solved, an issue is a topic to investigate, and a question is designed to discover information. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Data analysts answer questions and solve problems. These are called business tasks. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Data design is how you organize information; data strategy is the management of the people, processes, and tools used in data analysis. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Data-driven decision-making involves the five analytical skills: curiosity, understanding context, having a technical mindset, data design, and data strategy. Each plays a role in data-driven decision-making. 1. True 2. False

1. True

During the process phase of data analysis, a data analyst cleans data to ensure it's complete and correct. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Gap analysis is used to examine and evaluate how a process currently works with the goal of getting to where you want to be in the future. 1. True 2. False

1. True

Surveying customers about their preferences and using that information to inform business strategy is an example of data-driven decision-making. 1. True 2. False

1. True

The columns in a spreadsheet are ordered by letter, and the rows are ordered by number. 1. True 2. False

1. True

The data life cycle deals with the stages that data goes through; data analysis involves following a process to analyze data. 1. True 2. False

1. True

In the analyze stage of the data life cycle, what might a data analyst do? Select all that apply. 1. Use spreadsheets to aggregate data 2. Create a report from the data 3. Choose the format of spreadsheet headings 4. Use a formula to perform calculations

1. Use spreadsheets to aggregate data 2. Create a report from the data 4. Use a formula to perform calculations

What tactics can a data analyst use to effectively blend gut instinct with facts? Select all that apply. 1. Use their knowledge of how their company works to better understand a business need 2. Focus on intuition to choose which data to collect and how to analyze it 3. Apply their unique past experiences to their current work, while keeping in mind the story the data is telling 4. Ask how to define success for a project, but rely most heavily on their own personal perspective

1. Use their knowledge of how their company works to better understand a business need 3. Apply their unique past experiences to their current work, while keeping in mind the story the data is telling

The destroy stage of the data life cycle might involve which of the following actions? Select all that apply. 1. Using data-erasure software 2. Uploading data to the cloud 3. Shredding paper files 4. Storing data for future use

1. Using data-erasure software 3. Shredding paper files

What actions might a data analytics team take in the act phase of the data analysis process? Select all that apply. 1. Validating insights provided by analysts 2. Finalizing a strategy based on the analysis 3. Sharing analysis results using data visualizations 4. Putting a plan into action to help solve the business problem

1. Validating insights provided by analysts 2. Finalizing a strategy based on the analysis 4. Putting a plan into action to help solve the business problem

A data analyst uses a SQL query to retrieve information from a database. They add a WHERE statement to ____ the data based on certain conditions. 1. filter 2. sort 3. categorize 4. copy

1. filter

Data visualization involves using ______ to represent and present data. Select all that apply. 1. graphs 2. maps 3. reports 4. charts

1. graphs 2. maps 4. charts

In data analytics, fairness means ensuring that your analysis does not create or reinforce bias. This requires using processes and systems that are fair and _______. 1. inclusive 2. restrictive 3. partial 4. favorable

1. inclusive

A query is used to _____ information from a database. Select all that apply. 1. request 2. retrieve 3. update 4. visualize

1. request 2. retrieve 3. update

Structured query language (SQL) enables data analysts to _____ the information in a database. Select all that apply. 1. request 2. retrieve 3. update 4. visualize

1. request 2. retrieve 3. update

A data analyst shares insights from their analysis during a formal presentation to stakeholders. In a slideshow, they make a data-driven recommendation for how to solve a business problem. What phase of the data analysis process would come next? 1. Prepare 2. Act 3. Ask 4. Process

2. Act

SELECT * FROM employee WHERE jobCode = 'FTE' AND LastName = 'James' In this query, what will be retrieved from the database? 1. All data from the FTE table, where the employee's LastName is James 2. All data from the employee table, where the jobCode is FTE and the last name is James 3. All data from the jobCode table, where the jobCode is FTE and the employee has any last name other than James 4. All data from the employee table, where the jobCode is FTE and the employee has any last name other than James

2. All data from the employee table, where the jobCode is FTE and the last name is James

In the data life cycle, which phase involves gathering data from various sources and bringing it into the organization? 1. Analyze 2. Capture 3. Archive 4. Manage

2. Capture

Which of the following terms refers to the collection, transformation, and organization of data in order to draw conclusions, make predictions, and drive informed decision-making? 1. Data life cycle 2. Data analysis 3. Data elements 4. Data insight

2. Data analysis

Thinking about the way you organize your contacts in a new phone is an example of which analytical skill? 1. Understanding context 2. Data design 3. Curiosity 4. Data strategy

2. Data design

In data analysis, which analytical skill involves the management of people, processes, and tools? 1. Data design 2. Data strategy 3. Data control 4. Data analytics

2. Data strategy

A data visualization is the _____ representation of information. 1. tabulated 2. graphical 3. contextual 4. attributed

2. graphical

Which of the following options describes data analysis? 1. Using facts to guide business strategy 2. The various elements that interact with one another in order to provide, manage, store, organize, analyze, and share data 3. The collection, transformation, and organization of data in order to draw conclusions, make predictions, and drive informed decision-making 4. Creating new ways of modeling and understanding the unknown by using raw data

3. The collection, transformation, and organization of data in order to draw conclusions, make predictions, and drive informed decision-making

In a spreadsheet, what is next wrapping used for? 1. To allow text to overflow into an adjacent cell 2. To remove text that is too long to fit in a cell 3. To allow all of the text to fit inside a cell 4. To clip text within a cell so it doesn't overflow into an adjacent cell

3. To allow all of the text to fit inside a cell

Identifying the motivation behind data collection and gathering additional information are examples of which analytical skill? 1. A technical mindset 2. Data strategy 3. Understanding context 4. Data design

3. Understanding context

A set of instructions that performs a specific calculation using spreadsheet data is called ______. 1. a program 2. an operation 3. a formula 4. a report

3. a formula

In data analytics, the data ecosystem refers to the various elements that interact with one another to produce, manage, store, _______, analyze, and share data 1. locate 2. merge 3. organize 4. ingest

3. organize

A doctor's office has discovered that patients are waiting 20 minutes longer for their appointments than in past years. To help solve this problem, a data analyst could investigate how many nurses are on staff at a given time compared to the number of ______. 1. doctors on staff at the same time 2. doctors seeing new patients 3. patients with appointments 4. negative comments about the wait times on social media

3. patients with appointments

A business decides what kind of data it needs, how the data will be managed, and who will be responsible for it during the _____ stage of the data life cycle. 1. manage 2. capture 3. plan 4. analyze

3. plan

Which aspect of analytical thinking involves being able to identify a relationship between two or more pieces of data? 1. Data design 2. Visualization 3. Context 4. Correlation

4. Correlation

What is the term for the graphical representation of data? 1. Data collection 2. Data summary 3. Data language 4. Data visualization

4. Data visualization

An airline collects, observes, and analyzes its customers' online behaviors. Then, it uses the insights gained to choose what new products and services to offer. What business process dose this describe? 1. Collaboration with stakeholders 2. Analytical thinking 3. Performance measurement 4. Data-driven decision-making

4. Data-driven decision-making

The data analysis process phases are ask, prepare, analyze, share, and act. What do data analysts do during the ask phase? 1. Collect and store data 2. Create data visualizations 3. Clean the data 4. Define the problem to be solved

4. Define the problem to be solved

Avens Engineering needs more engineers, so they purchase ads on a job search website. The website's data reveals that 86% of engineers are men. Based on that number, an analyst decides that men are more likely to be successful applicants, so they target the ads to male job seekers. What should the analyst have done instead? 1. Let Avens Engineering decide which type of applicants to target ads to 2. Only show ads for the engineering jobs to women 3. Decline to accept ads from Avens Engineering because of fairness concerns 4. Make sure their recommendation doesn't create or reinforce bias

4. Make sure their recommendation doesn't create or reinforce bias

Curiosity is an analytical skill that involves which of the following? 1. Using your gut instinct 2. Collaborating to solve a problem 3. Working with facts in an orderly manner 4. Seeking out new challenges and experiences

4. Seeking out new challenges and experiences

To get the most out of data-driven decision-making, it's important to include insights from people very familiar with the business problem. Identify what these people are called. 1. Stakeholders 2. Competitors 3. Customers 4. Subject-matter experts

4. Subject-matter experts

When would a pie chart be an effective visualization? 1. When showing a change in someone's age over time 2. When showing the ages of males versus females 3. When showing the relationship between age and income 4. When showing a class broken down by age

4. When showing a class broken down by age

In a data table, a row is called an observation. An observation includes all of the _____ for what is contained in the row. 1. commonalities 2. names 3. diagnostics 4. attributes

4. attributes

A data analyst creates a table, but they realize this isn't the best visualization for their data. To fix the problem, they decide to use the _____ feature to change it to a column chart. 1. rename 2. filter view 3. image 4. chart editor

4. chart editor