10 Primary Characteristics of an Organizations Culture

Conflict tolerance

the degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and criticisms openly

Means versus End orientation

the degree to which management focuses on out comes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve those results

Reward criteria

the degree to which rewards such as promotion and salary increases are allocated according to employee performance rather than seniority, favoritism, or other nonperformance factors

Control

the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior

Open-systems focus

the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment

Risk tolerance

degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

Member identity

degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole rather than their job

Management focus

degree to which management decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization

Unit integration

degree to which units within the organization are aged to operate in a coordinated or interdependent manner

Team emphasis

degree to which work activities are organized around groups rather than individuals