11-13

RAID 10

Drives - 4 Data - striping w/mirror Redundancy - 2 Purpose - mirrored pairs that are striped

RAID 0+1

Drives - 4 Data - striping w/mirror Redundancy - 2 Purpose - striped pairs that are mirrored

RAID 6

Drives - 4 Data - striping w/mirror Redundancy - 2 Purpose - striping and mirroring

Moba Forms

Standard ATX Micro ATX Mini ITX Nano ITX Pico ITX Mobile ITX

SATA interface supports how many devices?

1

RAID 0

Drives - 2 Data - Strip Redundancy - no Purpose - Increased storage speed

RAID 1

Drives - 2 Data - Mirror Redundancy - 1 Purpose - duplicating data

RAID 5

Drives - 3 Data - striping w/mirror Redundancy - 1 Purpose - striping and mirroring

ECC

Error Correcting Code

SDR SDRAM

Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM) Time in market: 1993 to present Popular products using SDR SDRAM: Computer memory, video game consoles SDR SDRAM is the expanded term for SDRAM — the two types are one and the same, but most frequently referred to as just SDRAM. The 'single data rate' indicates how the memory processes one read and one write instruction per clock cycle. This labeling helps to clarify comparisons between SDR SDRAM and DDR SDRAM: DDR SDRAM is essentially the second-generation development of SDR SDRAM

DDR SDRAM

second generation SDR SDRAM

DRAM

Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Time in market: 1970s to mid-1990s Popular products using DRAM: Video game consoles, networking hardware One of the two basic memory types (the other being SRAM), DRAM requires a periodic 'refresh' of power in order to function. The capacitors that store data in DRAM gradually discharge energy; no energy means the data becomes lost. This is why DRAM is called 'dynamic' — constant change or action (e.g. refreshing) is needed to keep data intact. DRAM is also a volatile memory, which means that all the stored data becomes lost once the power is cut off. The advantages of using DRAM (vs. SRAM) are lower costs of manufacturing and greater memory capacities. The disadvantages of using DRAM (vs. SRAM) are slower access speeds and higher power consumption. Because of these characteristics, DRAM is typically used in: System memory Video graphics memory In the 1990s, Extended Data Out Dynamic RAM (EDO DRAM) was developed, followed by its evolution, Burst EDO RAM (BEDO DRAM). These memory types had appeal due to increased performance/efficiency at lower costs. However, the technology was rendered obsolete by the development of SDRAM.

GDDR SDRAM

Graphics Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM)

SRAM

Static RAM (SRAM) Time in market: 1990s to present Popular products using SRAM: Digital cameras, routers, printers, LCD screens One of the two basic memory types (the other being DRAM), SRAM requires a constant power flow in order to function. Because of the continuous power, SRAM doesn't need to be 'refreshed' to remember the data being stored. This is why SRAM is called 'static' - no change or action (e.g. refreshing) is needed to keep data intact. However, SRAM is a volatile memory, which means that all the data that had been stored becomes lost once the power is cut off. The advantages of using SRAM (vs. DRAM) are lower power consumption and faster access speeds. The disadvantages of using SRAM (vs. DRAM) are lesser memory capacities and higher costs of manufacturing. Because of these characteristics, SRAM is typically used in: CPU cache (e.g. L1, L2, L3) Hard drive buffer/cache Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) on video cards

SDRAM

Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) Time in market: 1993 to present Popular products using SDRAM: Computer memory, video game consoles SDRAM is a classification of DRAM that operates in sync with the CPU clock, which means that it waits for the clock signal before responding to data input (e.g. user interface). By contrast, DRAM is asynchronous, which means it responds immediately to data input. But the benefit of synchronous operation is that a CPU can process overlapping instructions in parallel, also known as 'pipelining'—the ability to receive (read) a new instruction before the previous instruction has been fully resolved (write). Although pipelining doesn't affect the time it takes to process instructions, it does allow more instructions to be completed simultaneously. Processing one read and one write instruction per clock cycle results in higher overall CPU transfer/performance rates. SDRAM supports pipelining due to the way its memory is divided into separate banks, which is what led to its widespread preference over basic DRAM.