11-202V3 (CH 19 - Missed Approach)
What are the three phases of a Missed Approach? Where does each phase begin and end? What is the priority for the first phase? Can changes to approach track be made during the middle phase? When can turns be prescribed during the Missed Approach phases? Turns are only prescribed for what reasons?
(1) Initial Phase (2) Intermediate Phase (3) Final Phase Initial: B: At the Map E: At the start of climb Intermediate: B/E: Extends from start of climb Final: B: At the point where 50 meters (164 feet) of obstacle clearance is obtained and can be maintained. Extends: to the point where a new approach, holding, or a return to enroute flight is initiated. Establishing the climb and the changes in airplane configuration. Yes, but no more than 15 degrees from the Initial phase. During the Final phase. Terrain or other factors make a turn necessary. (19.7,8)
While conducting a circling approach, when should a Missed Approach generally be executed? Which Missed Approach procedure should be followed? How should pilots transition from Circling to the Missed Approach procedure? After that?
(1) Unable to maintain required visual references while circling or, (2) Unable to make a safe landing Missed Approach specified for the instrument procedure just flown (i.e. NOT a procedure for the runway currently being circled to), unless otherwise directed. (1) Execute an immediate climbing turn, (2) ensuring climb gradient minimums, (3) within the protected circling area, (4) towards the landing runway, (5) returning to circling altitude or higher. (6) Continue to turn until established on the missed approach course or alternate missed approach instructions (19.14)
In general, what should pilots do when a landing cannot be accomplished? Having reached the missed the approach point, what should pilots do next? What must pilots ensure prior to proceeding off the published missed approach?
Advise ATC. Comply with the missed approach instructions for the procedure being used unless an alternate missed approach procedure is specified by ATC. A safe altitude. (19.1-2)
When the missed approach is initiated prior to the MAP, the pilot will do what, unless otherwise cleared by ATC? When can turns on the missed approach begin? When should the missed approach be initiated if the aircraft reaches the MAP before descending to the MDA? Pilots must ensure what climb gradient on a missed approach to also ensure what?
Fly the instrument procedure as specified on the approach plate, including altitude restrictions, to the MAP at or above the MDA, DA, or DH before executing the missed approach instructions. When the aircraft reaches the MAP. At the MAP. That the aircraft can meet or exceed 200 feet/NM or the published climb gradient, whichever is greater in order to ensures obstacle clearance with all engines operating. (19.2.1-3)
Why would a Missed Approach during a CDFA be initiated? At what altitude is the climbing portion of the Missed Approach accomplished? Is the aircraft ever flown at level flight at or near the MDA? Depending on the location of the MAP, where does the descent from the MDA (once the runway environment is in sight) often needs to be accomplished prior to what point in order to execute a normal (i.e., 3 degrees) descent to landing?
If the visual references required to land have not been acquired when the aircraft is approaching the MDA. At an altitude above the MDA sufficient to prevent the aircraft from descending below the MDA No. Prior to reaching the MAP. (19.11)
When a Missed Approach becomes necessary at an airfield not served by an operating control tower, will continuous contact with ATC be possible? What should the pilot do? In all cases, what can pilots do to prepare for these sorts of events? What are some good resources for conducting this?
It may not be possible. The pilot should execute the appropriate missed approach procedure without delay and contact ATC when able to do so. Prudent mission planning should be performed to consider geographical features, obstacles, restrictions, aircraft performance capabilities. "Trouble T" section and departure procedures in the terminal procedures publication are a good supplemental source of information for obstacle, takeoff visual climb requirements, and standard climb rate data not specifically expressed on the approach chart. (19.13.3-4)
In ICAO during an RNAV Missed Approach or go-around, flight guidance mode should remain in ___________. Why? What if the aircraft does not provide this capability? During Missed Approach procedures that included an RF leg, pilots must do what?
LNAV. To enable display of deviation and positive course guidance during a missed approach RF leg. Crew procedures must be use that assure the aircraft will adhere to the specified flightpath during the RF leg. Must be able to couple the autopilot or FD to the navigation system (i.e., engage LNAV) by 500 feet AGL (19.9.4)
When cleared to land and subsequently execute a missed approach or upon reaching the MAP and unable to continue, pilots will do what as soon as possible? As time permits pilots will do what? What kind of requests are most common?
Notify ATC. Request follow-on action clearance. (1) Clearance to an alternate airfield (2) Another approach (3) Holding (19.5)
When multiple approaches for training are requested, when should the pilot inform ATC about approach termination? When is ATC required to issue appropriate departure instructions to be followed upon completion
Prior to beginning the approach.
In the NAS, in order to execute an RNAV Missed Approach pilots should activate the Missed Approach after crossing which point? Do GPS Missed Approach points automatically activate? What does the GPS receiver do if the Missed Approach is not activate? What happens once the Missed Approach is activated? What is required if there is a Missed Approach routing in which the first track is via a course rather than direct to the next waypoint?
The Missed Approach waypoint. No, GPS missed approach procedures require pilot action to sequence from the missed approach waypoint to the missed approach procedure. The GPS receiver displays an extension of the inbound final approach course and displayed distance increases from the missed approach waypoint. CDI sensitivity will change to the terminal (+/-1 NM) sensitivity. Additional action from the pilot to set the course in accordance with aircraft flight manual procedures. (19.9.5)
When the decision to execute a Missed Approach is made beyond the MAP or beneath approach minima, who is responsible for obstacle clearance? What should the pilot do as soon as possible? What should the pilot do if unable to contact ATC? What should be done if unable to contact ATC, and in the pilot's judgment it is no longer appropriate to fly the published missed approach procedure?
The pilot. Contact ATC for an amended clearance. The pilot should: (1) Attempt to re-intercept a published segment of the missed approach and (2) comply with route and altitude instructions. Consider either: (1) maintaining visual conditions if practicable and reattempt a landing, or (2) a circle-climb over airfield. (19.13,.1-2)
For an RNAV without vertical guidance (LP and LNAV), where is the Missed Approach waypoint usually located? Where else could it be? What about RNAV approaches with vertical guidance (LPV and LNAV/VNAV) and GLS approaches? RNAV Missed Approach procedures are RNAV __ or RNP ___. When are there no RNP requirements for an RNAV Missed Approach? What kind of waypoints are used for RNAV Missed Approach holding waypoints?
The runway threshold. It could be located prior to threshold, on or off centerline. These approaches utilize a DA. 1; 1 If it is based on conventional means (e.g., VOR, DME, NDB, or dead reckoning) Fly-over waypoints. (19.9,.1-3)
What do Precision Approach Radar (PAR) approach use to determine the MAP? What about ASR approaches? What direction does ATC give during a Missed Approach on a PAR/ASR? What should be expected where ATC radar service is provided?
They utilize a radar glidepath to a DA to determine the MAP. They utilize an MDA to the MAP. The pilot is advised of the location of the MAP procedure and is advised of the aircraft's position each mile from the runway, airfield, heliport or MAP, as appropriate. Radar vectors when provided by ATC in lieu of the published missed approach procedure. (19.10)
What will pilots do when the Missed Approach is initiated prior to the MAP? Any turns on the missed approach will not begin until the aircraft reaches what point? What happens if the aircraft reaches the MAP before descending to the MDA?
Unless otherwise cleared by ATC: (1) Fly the instrument procedure as specified on the approach plate, including altitude restrictions (2) To the MAP (3) At or above the MDA, DA, or DH (4) Before executing the Missed Approach Instructions The MAP. The Missed Approach will be initiated at the MAP. (19.12)
While Circling in the NAS, when will a Missed Approach be executed? Are there any exceptions to this?
Whenever an identifiable part of the airfield is not distinctly visible to the pilot during a circling maneuver at or above MDA Yes, unless the inability to see an identifiable part of the airfield results only from a normal bank of the aircraft during the circling maneuver. (19.14.2)
While Circling in ICAO, when will a Missed Approach be executed? What counts as the runway environment?
Whenever the runway environment is not in sight during the circling maneuver. Features such as: (1) the runway threshold, (2) approach lighting aids, or (3) other markings identifiable with the runway. (19.14.1)
Does clearance for an approach include a clearance to fly the published Missed Approach? What two options does a pilot have for Missed Approach instructions? Prior to proceeding off the published Missed Approach pilots must ensure what? Pilots should be aware that abandoning the Missed Approach procedure prior to reaching the published altitude may not provide what? After reaching the Missed Approach holding pattern, what might be required prior to proceeding back to the IAF or to an alternate?
Yes, unless otherwise instructed by ATC. (1) Published missed approach instructions (2) ATC-issued alternate missed approach instructions They have climbed to a safe altitude Adequate terrain clearance. An additional climb. (19.4)
