1.2 Climate Affects on Species Distribution

The world's most extensive biome is the

open ocean.

Microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that live in the open ocean are called

phytoplankton

In mountains, when air is blown across the Earth's surface and up over the mountains, it cools as air expands because of:

reduced pressure

Animals that are uncommon in temperate deciduous forests are

reptiles

How many of these environments are considered freshwater habitats?

rivers lakes wetlands

Tropical grassland is also called ______ and supports the greatest assemblage of large terrestrial mammals on Earth.

savannah

Variation in temperature as different latitudes of Earth are influenced by ______ energy.

solar

Large expanses of open water help to moderate temperature extremes in the _____ hemisphere.

southern

Large expanses of open water help to moderate temperature extremes in the _________ hemisphere.

southern

In a tropical rain forest, the ground cover is

sparse

Plant life in cold deserts is

sparse

In cold deserts, plant life is usually

spiny deciduous

____ zones have high pressure with relatively dry air as most of the moisture has been lost over the equator.

subsidence

_______ zones have high pressure with relatively dry air as most of the moisture has been lost over the equator.

subsidence

The biome called taiga is also known as

temperate coniferous forest.

Much of eastern Europe is covered by

temperate deciduous forest

Wild horses in Asia and kangaroos in Australia live in

temperate grasslands.

Select all reasons why there is less heat at high latitudes.

the sun's rays hit the Earth obliquely; The sun's rays travel a greater distance through the atmosphere.

How many broad terrestrial biomes are defined by Whittaker's scheme based on average annual temperature and precipitation?

10

Match the biomes with their corresponding temperature and precipitation patterns. Instructions

350 cm precipitation and 25 C- tropical rain forest 150 cm precipitation and 10 C- temperature deciduous forest 100 cm precipitation and 0 C- taiga

Why don't temperatures keep increasing with decreasing latitudes near the equator?

Cloudiness and rain reduce average temperatures.

Which of the following aquatic biomes occurs in tropical waters that have temperatures between 20˚C and 30˚C?

Coral reef

Select all factors by which aquatic biomes can be differentiated.

Current strength Water salinity

Select the true statements about the flora and fauna of South America, Africa, and Australia

Each continent is characterized by distinctive animal and plant species; South America, Africa, and Australia all have similar biomes.

Which of the statements given below accurately describes the impact of the Earth's tilt on seasons found throughout the year? Choose all that apply?

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5 degrees throughout the year; Temperature variation can be extreme throughout the year as one moves farther from the equator; For one half of the year the Northern hemisphere receives more solar energy than the Southern hemisphere

What biome has temperatures that vary from below freezing at night to 50 C during the day?

Hot desert

What biome has temperatures that vary from below freezing at night to 50οC during the day?

Hot desert

What biome has very low rainfall but high temperatures?

Hot desert

What factor produces the substantial variation in Earth's temperature with latitude?

Incoming solar radiation

What biome is alternately submerged and exposed by the daily cycle of marine tides?

Intertidal zone

Which animals are not common in the tropical rain forest?

Large mammals

Which of the following habitats consists of calm, deep, standing freshwater?

Lentic habitat

Select the factors that affect ocean currents.

Rotation of the Earth; Winds

What biome is characterized by average temperatures of about 0 degrees Celsius, forests of coniferous trees, and heavily furred mammals?

Taiga

What is the definition of climate?

The prevailing weather pattern of a given region

Select all of the following that can be explained by evolution and geology.

The same biome often contains different organisms on different continents; Closely related species can often exists in widely separated locations on different continents; Distinct species may only occur on one continent even though the biome occurs elsewhere on Earth.

What characterizes the trees in tropical deciduous forest?

They often shed their leaves.

Which biome has substantial rainfall, hot temperatures, and distinct wet and dry seasons? Multiple choice question.

Tropical deciduous forest

Select all of the following that are broad terrestrial biomes.

Tropical deciduous forest; Tropical rain forest; Tundra; Tropical grassland

What biome includes tropical areas with low rainfall, average temperatures between 20οC to 30οC, and occasional trees?

Tropical grassland

Which biome has an average temperature of 250C and an average precipitation of about 300 cm?

Tropical rain forest

Select all of the following that describe lotic habitats.

Well-oxygenated Rivers

Animal life in wetlands is

abundant

Which of the statements given below accurately reflects subsidence zones? Choose all that apply

air that has risen in vertical columns begins to cool as it moves away from the surface; rainfall is provided to equatorial rain forests due to warm air rising; at the equator, surface air rises in vertical columns due to high temperatures

Temperate rain forest is found

along the northwestern North American coast.

____ biomes can be differentiated by factors such as oxygen content, water salinity, current strength, and availability of light.

aquatic

Continental drift led to

change in relative location of the landmasses on Earth

Continental drift led to:

change in relative location of the landmasses on Earth

Temperature and precipitation are components of ______ , the prevailing weather pattern of a given region.

climate

The relative location of the landmasses on Earth has changed enormously over time as a result of:

continental drift

Select factors that can affect the distribution of organisms, outside of climatic conditions such as temperature and precipitation.

continental drift Evolution

_____ reefs are marine biomes that exist in water that is at least 20˚C but less than 30˚C.

coral

Temperature in a region is not only affected by atmospheric circulation patterns, but also by mountains, with temperature ______ with increasing elevation. Multiple choice question.

decreasing

Animal life in the temperate rain forest is

diverse

True or false: Because South America, Africa, and Australia have similar biomes, they also have similar animal life.

false

The marine biome called the ______ zone is the area where the land meets the sea, and is alternately submerged and exposed by the daily cycle of tides.

intertidal

Which of the following are marine aquatic biomes? Choose all that apply.

intertidal zone coral reef open ocean

A freshwater ______ habitat consists of still, often deep water, such as that in the Everglades National Park in Florida.

lentic

Fill in the blank question. Wetlands may develop at the margins of ______ and ______ habitats.

lentic and lotic

Match each freshwater habitat type to its correct description. Instructions

lentic-standing water lotic- running water

A freshwater habitat consisting of still and often deep water is called a(n) ______ habitat, whereas a freshwater habitat with flowing water is called a(n) _______ habitat.

lentic; lotic

The rainfall in temperate grasslands is

limited

The well-aerated, flowing water of freshwater _______ habitats are often able to support fish populations. Multiple choice question.

lotic

Match each hemisphere to the direction of flow of its major ocean currents.

northern- clockwise southern- counterclockwise