1.2 Reading Assignment- Climate Affects on Species Distribution Bio 182

The world's most extensive biome is the

open ocean

Microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that live in the open ocean are called .

phytoplankton

In mountains, when air is blown across the Earth's surface and up over the mountains, it cools as air expands because of

reduced pressure

Animals that are uncommon in temperate deciduous forests are

reptiles

The global patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation occur because of

rising masses of warm air and sinking masses of cool air

Tropical grassland is also called ______ and supports the greatest assemblage of large terrestrial mammals on Earth.

savannah

Variation in temperature as different latitudes of Earth are influenced by __________ energy.

solar

Plant life in cold deserts is

sparse

In a tropical rain forest, the ground cover is

sparse.

In cold deserts, plant life is usually

spiny deciduous

________ zones have high pressure with relatively dry air as most of the moisture has been lost over the equator.

subsidence

The biome called taiga is also known as

temperate coniferous forest

Most of Europe is in the ______ biome

temperate deciduous forest

Much of eastern Europe is covered by

temperate deciduous forest

Wild horses in Asia and kangaroos in Australia live in

temperate grasslands

Which of the statements given below accurately describes the impact of the Earth's tilt on seasons found throughout the year? Choose all that apply?

- For one half of the year the Northern hemisphere receives more solar energy than the Southern hemisphere - Earth's axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5 degrees throughout the year - Temperature variation can be extreme throughout the year as one moves farther from the equator

Select all of the following that can be explained by evolution and geology.

- The same biome often contains different organisms on different continents. - Distinct species may only occur on one continent even though the biome occurs elsewhere on Earth. - Closely related species can often exists in widely separated locations on different continents.

Select all reasons why there is less heat at high latitudes.

- The sun's rays travel a greater distance through the atmosphere. - The sun's rays hit the Earth obliquely.

Which of the statements given below accurately reflects subsidence zones? Choose all that apply.

- air that has risen in vertical columns begins to cool as it moves away from the surface - at the equator, surface air rises in vertical columns due to high temperatures - rainfall is provided to equatorial rain forests due to warm air rising

How many broad terrestrial biomes are defined by Whittaker's scheme based on average annual temperature and precipitation?

10

Match the biomes with their corresponding temperature and precipitation patterns.

350 cm precipitation and 25oC ----- Tropical rain forest 150 cm precipitation and 10oC ------ Temperate deciduous forest 100 cm precipitation and 0oC ------ Taiga

Based on the three-cell model of global air circulation shown in the figure above, where would you be most likely to find a plant species that is very drought tolerant, but not cold tolerant?

Between 20° and 30° latitude

Why don't temperatures keep increasing with decreasing latitudes near the equator?

Cloudiness and rain reduce average temperatures.

You have come across an old dataset in your research lab. The researcher recorded temperature, precipitation, and plant species over a time span of five years, but apparently forgot to record the location! Upon further examination, you find that the average temperature in the mystery location is 10°C, the average precipitation is 25cm, and plant matter is sparse, made up mostly of short, scrubby species. From what biome was the dataset most likely recorded?

Cold desert.

Select factors that can affect the distribution of organisms, outside of climatic conditions such as temperature and precipitation.

Continental drift Evolution

_____ reefs are marine biomes that exist in water that is at least 20˚C but less than 30˚C.

Coral

Which of the following aquatic biomes occurs in tropical waters that have temperatures between 20˚C and 30˚C?

Coral reef

Select all factors by which aquatic biomes can be differentiated

Current strength Water salinity

Select all factors by which aquatic biomes can be differentiated.

Current strength Water salinity

True or false: Because South America, Africa, and Australia have similar biomes, they also have similar animal life.

False

What biome has temperatures that vary from below freezing at night to 50οC during the day?

Hot desert

What biome has very low rainfall but high temperatures?

Hot desert

What factor produces the substantial variation in Earth's temperature with latitude?

Incoming solar radiation

What biome is alternately submerged and exposed by the daily cycle of marine tides?

Intertidal zone

Which animals are not common in the tropical rain forest?

Large mammals

Match each freshwater habitat type to its correct description

Lentic -------- Standing-water Lotic --------- Running-water

Which of the following habitats consists of calm, deep, standing freshwater

Lentic habitat

Match each hemisphere to the direction of flow of its major ocean currents

Northern -------- Clockwise Southern -------- Counterclockwise

_______ biomes can be differentiated by factors such as oxygen content, water salinity, current strength, and availability of light.

Ocean

How would you best explain the existence of a mountain range that has abundant conifer trees, ferns, and mosses on the east side, but only sparse shrubby plants on the west side?

Precipitation differences due to a rain shadow on the west side produce the differing plant communities

Select all of the following that describe lotic habitats

Rivers Well-oxygenated

Select the factors that affect ocean currents.

Rotation of the Earth Winds

What factor would you expect to show the largest difference between the lotic and intertidal biomes?

Salinity

Select the true statements about the flora and fauna of South America, Africa, and Australia.

South America, Africa, and Australia all have similar biomes. Each continent is characterized by distinctive animal and plant species.

Large expanses of open water help to moderate temperature extremes in the _______ hemisphere.

Southern

What biome is characterized by average temperatures of about 0 degrees Celsius, forests of coniferous trees, and heavily furred mammals?

Taiga

What is the definition of climate?

The prevailing weather pattern of a given region.

The Earth is spherical, which causes differences in the intensity of solar radiation at different latitudes. The Earth is also titled on its axis at a 23.5° angle. How do you think this tilt affects the intensity of solar radiation?

The sun's rays strike the Northern hemisphere more obliquely during its winter months and less obliquely during its summer months.

What characterizes the trees in tropical deciduous forest?

They often shed their leaves

Which biome has substantial rainfall, hot temperatures, and distinct wet and dry seasons?

Tropical deciduous forest

You have survived a plane crash. When you regain consciouness, you cannot remember what your original destination was, but you make several observations about your surroundings that may help you figure out where you are. First, you notice tall trees are plentiful, and the ground is covered with fallen leaves.The air temperature is very hot, and you notice that the soil is quite dry underneath the leaf litter. Into what biome has your plane most likely crashed?

Tropical deciduous forest

What biome includes tropical areas with low rainfall, average temperatures between 20οC to 30οC, and occasional trees?

Tropical grassland

Which biome has an average temperature of 250C and an average precipitation of about 300 cm?

Tropical rain forest

You awaken to find yourself lying on the bare ground, dirty and injured. In the dim light, you can make out wreckage around you and surmise that you have survived a plane crash. Over the next few days, you wander the hot, humid area and find an amazing number of different plant and insect species. You are able to trap and eat several rodent size mammals, but do not see any larger mammals. Into what biome did your plane crash?

Tropical rain forest

Select all of the following that are broad terrestrial biomes

Tropical rain forest Tropical deciduous forest Tropical grassland Tundra

Animal life in wetlands is

abundant.

Temperate rain forest is found

along the northwestern North American coast

Continental drift led to:

change in relative location of the landmasses on Earth

Temperature and precipitation are components of __________, the prevailing weather pattern of a given region.

climate

Currents in the ocean basins of the Northern Hemisphere always run in what direction?

clockwise

The relative location of the landmasses on Earth has changed enormously over time as a result of:

continental drift

Which of the following are marine aquatic biomes? Choose all that apply.

coral reef intertidal zone open ocean

Temperature in a region is not only affected by atmospheric circulation patterns, but also by mountains, with temperature ______ with increasing elevation

decreasing

Animal life in the temperate rain forest is

diverse

Which of the following is a characteristic of tundra?

dry climate

he marine biome called __________ the zone is the area where the land meets the sea, and is alternately submerged and exposed by the daily cycle of tides.

intertidal

How many of these environments are considered freshwater habitats?

lakes wetlands rivers

A freshwater ______ habitat consists of still, often deep water, such as that in the Everglades National Park in Florida

lentic

A freshwater habitat consisting of still and often deep water is called a(n) _____ habitat, whereas a freshwater habitat with flowing water is called a(n) _____ habitat.

lentic lotic

Wetlands may develop at the margins of _____ and _______ habitats.

lentic lotic

The rainfall in temperate grasslands is

limited

The well-aerated, flowing water of freshwater _______ habitats are often able to support fish populations

lotic

The well-aerated, flowing water of freshwater _______ habitats are often able to support fish populations.

lotic

The sea heats and cools

more slowly than the land