12 Volt and HV Batteries

Flywheel generator

A generator that uses the kinetic energy of a high speed ac armature to store huge amounts of electrical energy. It is also called a flywheel battery.

Deep cycling

Allowing a battery to use 50-80% of its energy before charging

Test indicator

Also known battery charge indicator, device designed into the battery cover provides a visible sign of the general charge condition of the battery, it is also called a battery eye

Cold Cranking Rating

Amount of current (in amperes) the battery can deliver for 30 seconds at 0°F (-18°C), while maintaining terminal voltage of 7.2 volts (1.2 volts per cell).

Battery cycling

Amount of time between the discharging and charging of battery cells

Battery posts

Are round metal terminals that extend through the top of the battery cover.

Battery cell

Battery division made up of a negative and positive plate, container, and electrolytes.

Battery Pack Voltage

Between 7.2-9.2 volts, depending on the number of battery cells.

Negative battery cable

Cable that is normally black and connects to ground on the engine block or frame

Positive battery cable

Cable that is normally red and fastens to the starter solenoid

HV motor-generator cables

Cables electrically connecting three-phase alternating current from the power control to the motor-generator with each cable carrying a single phase of ac.

Hv power cable

Consists of all large-diameter,high-voltage conductor wrapped in orange plastic insulation that electrically connect the HV battery ,HV power control module, and motor-generator

Battery heat shields

Cover or plate that fits over the battery or between the engine and battery to protect it from excess engine heat

Discharging

Current and electrons flowing out of the battery cells, or the release of stored energy. This is a conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy by the battery.

Charging

Current flowing back into battery cells from a charging system that can be stored until needed. This is a conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy by the battery.

Battery Eye

Device designed into the battery cover that provides a visible sign of the general charge condition of the battery. (Also know as Battery Charge Indicator)

Battery charge indicator

Device designed into the battery cover that provides a visible sign of the general charge condition of the battery. It is also called a battery eye or test indicator.

Fuel cell

Device filled with electrolyte and made of a plastic, gas permeable membrane sandwiched between a positive and negative electrode plate that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical energy to produce electrical energy. It is electrolysis in reverse.

Load

Electric current using device

HV capacitor bank

Electrical energy storage device that does not require an electrolyte, but consists of at least two electrical conductors separated by an insulator. HV capacitor banks are light, wear proof, and can accept or output short bursts of high power electrical energy.

12-volt battery

Electrochemical device that produces and stores electricity.An automotive battery is a 12-volt battery with six cells,which produces 12.6 volts to power the vehicle's 12-volt main electrical system

Side terminals

Electronic connections located on the side of the battery

Hv battery ecm

Electronic control module that interprets signals from HV battery temperature and voltage sensors to avoid battery overheating

Gassing

Formation of acid fumes during the chemical reaction inside the battery.

Battery tray

Holds battery

Battery acid

Is a mixture of sulfuric acid and distilled water

HV battery nominal operating voltage

Is the maximum DC voltage available from the HV battery.

Battery bank

Joining two or more batteries for a signal application

Battery Cabels

Large wires that connect the battery terminals to the vehicle electrical system

HV peak power rating

Measurement of the amount of current that can be fed to the HV motor for a short period of time. This can determine the vehicle's acceleration speed with full-electric propulsion.

HV battery frame

Metal holder that secures the battery packs together and attaches them to the vehicle frame

Battery temperature sensor

Monitors battery temperature

Battery Cover

Plastic piece that is bonded to the top of the battery case to seal it.

Battery Cap

Plastic piece that snaps into the hole above each battery cell to prevent electrolyte from spilling out of a battery and gases inside a battery from igniting

Intercalation

Process where electrons or protons migrate from the positive plate to the negative plate, where they become embedded in the porous electrode materials.

Battery pack fuses

Protect against shorts and excessive current draw from each group of cells

HV battery amp-hour rating

Rating that compares the electrical power available for the hour of continuous discharge. This is the equivalent of the cold cranking rating.

Electrolyte

Same thing as battery acid

HV Battery Pack

Set of low-voltage battery cells wired in a series to produce a high-wattage means of storing chemical /electrical energy.

Battery plate

Stiff mesh framework each group

Hv battery

Store chemical-electrical energy for starting the engine and provides DC for electrical accessories.

Battery straps

Strap with two ends that attach to opposite battery terminals creating a handle to lift and carry the battery

Battery hold-down

The individualized bracket and fastener that holds a battery in its tray

Retainer

The individualized bracket and fasteners that hold a battery in its tray.

Open circuit voltage

The voltage between a two terminal device without a load connected

Reserve capacity rating

Time needed to lower 12-volt battery terminal voltage below 10.2 volts at a discharge rate of 25 amps.

HV Battery cables

Two orange conductor cables that connect direct current to the HV power control module

Dual voltage system

Type of electrical system that uses both a 12-volt battery and high voltage battery,each wired separately

Gel battery

Type of lead acid battery that contains the electrolyte in a paste like consistency instead of a liquid, this allows the battery to still function without any electrolyte leakage if the battery case breaks.

Maintenance free battery

Type of lead-acid battery that does not have removable filler caps. Calcium in the battery plates reduces the battery gases and eliminates the need for water to be periodically added to the electrolyte.

Absorbed glass mat battery

Type of sealed lead acid battery that contains fiber matting which absorbs liquid electrolyte and holds it between the battery plates, also known as the ABG battery