12a. What is Personality? Psychodynamic Theories; Humanistic Theories

_____ and _____ are prominent psychologists associated with the humanistic perspective.

Abraham Maslow; Carl Rodgers

_____, a prominent neo-Freudian, proposed the popular idea of the inferiority complex.

Adler

Personality

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Represssion(psychoanalytic theory)

Basic defense mechanism that banishes from conciousness. the thoughts, feelings, and memories that arouse anxiety.

Dr. Myers often asks clients to describe themselves as they are, and to describe the people they would like to be. Dr. Myers' technique BEST reflects _____ notion of _____.

Carl Rogers'; the self-concept

Psycholosexual stages (Freud)

Childhood stages of devepment (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) during which, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on the distinct erogenous zones.

collective unconscious(Carl Jung)

Concept of a shared, inherited group of memeories from our species' history. (example; religion)

Psychoanalysis

Frued's theory of personality that attributes thought and actions to unconcious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret the unconcious tensions.

Dr. Costa sees his own therapist in order for him to be at his emotional best for seeing patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Rogers refers to this attitude as _____.

Genuineness

Which statement BEST captures the difference between psychoanalytic and humanistic theories of personality?

Humanistic theories focus on people's inner capacity for growth and self-fulfillment, whereas psychoanalytic theories emphasize the influence of childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations.

Fixation (Freud)

In personality theory, a lingering focus of pleasure-seekinig energies at an earlier psycholosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

This neo-Freudian said that childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security.

Karen Horney

Hierarchy of needs

Maslow's pyramid of human needs; at the base are the physiological needs. These basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, and then psychological needs, become active.

Projective test

Personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provide an ambiguous image designed to trigger projection of the test-taker's unconcious thoughts or feelings.

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theories of personality?

Psychodynamic theories are the contemporary reflection of Freud's original psychoanalytic theory.

Ego

The concious, "executive" part of the personality trait, according to Freiu, balances the demands of the id, superego, and reality. Operates on the reality principle, which satifies the id's desires in ways that will bring pleasue than pain.

Defense Mechanisms (psychoanalytic theory)

The ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconciously distorting reality.

Rorschach inkblot test

The most used projective test; a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interprestations fo the blots.

Psychodynamic theories

View personality with a focus on the unconcious and the importance of childhood experiences

Oedipus Complex (Freud)

a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

unconditional postitive regard

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Rogers believe would help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Free association(psychoanalysis)

a method of exploring the unconcious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how unimportant or embarrassing.

Id

a reservoir of unconcious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and agressive drives. The id operates on the "pleasure principle", demanding immediate gratification.

The _____ effect is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.

false consensus

Unconcious (Freud)

from Frued, a reseroir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories.

Unconcious (comtemporary psychologist)

informations processing of which we are unaware.

Superego

part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement(the concience) and for future goals.

Dr. Conway states that his research investigates the patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Conway's research is MOST likely in the area of:

personality

Identification (Freud)

process which children incorporate parents' values into their developing superegos.

The defense mechanism known as _____ occurs when people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

projection

Today's researchers call _____ the false consensus effect.

projection

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

projective test in which people express their inner feeling and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

The two earliest theories of personality are the ____ and ____ theories.

psychoanalytic; humanistic

Self-actualization (maslow)

psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfiil our potential.

self-transcendence

th striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self.