1301 chapter 14

By the spring of 1865, about how many African Americans were serving in the Union army?

200,000

How did Abraham Lincoln view secession?

As an illegal act that constituted an insurrection against the Union

How did Senator John C. Crittenden think that his compromise plan would solve the secession crisis of 1861?

By allowing the extension of slavery but limiting its spread, it had something for both the South and North.

Prior to instituting a draft, the Union was able to recruit nearly 1,000,000 men to serve in the army in what way?

By paying them a $600 cash bounty

How did African Americans precipitate the adoption of the policy of emancipation?

By slaves escaping across Union lines

What was the major cause of death for soldiers serving in the Civil War?

Disease

Which announcement by Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves in the rebellious states and gave the war a moral and political purpose?

Emancipation Proclamation

Who commanded the Union troops at the Battle of Gettysburg?

George G. Meade

What was the primary reason Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862?

He believed that the war was a struggle to end slavery.

Why did Abraham Lincoln reject General Winfield Scott's plan for the war early in 1861?

He found it to be not aggressive enough.

What was the significance of the assault on Fort Wagner by the 54th Massachusetts Infantry?

It convinced Union officers of the value of black soldiers.

Why was Maryland a strategic location that Abraham Lincoln was determined to keep in the Union?

It covered the nation's capital on three sides.

What statement describes the actual change in status of slaves in January 1863 as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It freed only slaves in states still in rebellion and did not change the status of a single slave.

Which steps did the federal government take in order to wage total war?

It supported the construction of railroads.

Why was Vicksburg an important target for the Union armies?

Its capture would cut the Confederacy in half at the Mississippi River.

Why was General George B. McClellan relieved of his command of the Army of the Potomac by Abraham Lincoln in 1862?

Lincoln thought McClellan lacked the nerve to use his troops to achieve a major victory.

Compare the figures for the northern and southern economies in 1860. In what way were the disadvantages of the South even more pronounced than these data suggest?

Southern population data counted slaves as well as white Americans.

Why did the Confederacy not achieve a more effective economic program?

States' rights philosophy left most power with the state governments.

Based on the map, what generalization can be made about the Union conquest of the South?

The Union strategy focused on Tennessee and the Mississippi River Valley first.

What loophole of the South's draft was controversial?

The ability of draftees to hire substitutes

Why did the northwestern section of Virginia decide to break away from that state?

The counties in Virginia's northwest were dominated by yeomen farmers with strong Union loyalties.

According to Abraham Lincoln, why was secession illegal?

The union was "perpetual."

What strategy did Abraham Lincoln formulate early in the Civil War?

To try to end the war with a quick victory

When did the Civil War technically begin?

When Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter

An entry in Judith White Brockenbrough's diary from the days after the end of the war records an incident in which an "officer one morning sent for Mrs. N. [to return an item stolen by Union soldiers]. . . . She thanked him for his kindness. He seemed moved and said, "Mrs. N., I will do what I can for you, for I cannot be too thankful that my wife is not in an invaded country." What did this incident tell Judith Brockenbrough about the state of the union at the time?

With the war over, a lot more connected than divided the victors and the defeated.

What action by President Lincoln encouraged Jefferson Davis and the Confederate government to seize Fort Sumter?

dispatching a ship to resupply the fort's garrison-they decided to seize the fort while doing this

What justification did Abraham Lincoln give for announcing the emancipation policy?

military necessity

The Civil War marked the beginning of modern funeral practices with the introduction of

new embalming techniques.

What battle induced the Confederacy to institute a draft?

shiloh

What was one of the measures the federal government took in order to bolster the Union's ability to fight a long war?

supported the construction of railroads-Henry Clay's program for a nationally financed transportation system

After the victory at Gettysburg, what did Abraham Lincoln expect?

the war would continue indefinitely-because of Meade's failure to follow up on the battle and attack Lee's army in an attempt to destroy it

Secession came earliest in which states?

with the highest concentration of slaves.