149.272 Intelligence in the security environment
What punishment did Kautilya prescribe for those who failed the "Test of Lust"?
'Cooked' in a big jar
Intelligence has been described as being used in what 3 different ways?
(1) As a process (where intelligence is requested, collected, analysed and 'fed' to consumers); (2) As a product (intelligence report, paper or intelligence briefing); (3) As institutions - that is agencies - (different 'services' that report events, assess events and "shape" events) - Mark Lowenthal
Chinese strategist Sun Tzu described 5 types of spies:
(1) local (2) internal (3) double agent (4) expendable (5) living agent
When was the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) created?
1947
When was the New Zealand Security Service first created?
1956
When was the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service established by law?
1969 (The NZSIS Act 1969).
When was the GCSB first publicly acknowledged?
1984? - publicly acknowledged existence & SIGINT function by R Muldoon.
When was the Office of the Inspector General for Intelligence and Security (IGIS) first created in NZ?
1996
When was New Zealand's Government Communications Security Bureau first placed on a statutory footing (acknowledged in law)?
2003
What year was the DPMC "National Security System Handbook" published?
2011
Classic Chinese Strategist Sun Tzu described how many types of spies in Chapter 13 of "The Art of War"?
5
Sun Tzu
6 components to success in military warfare: moral cause; leadership; temporal conditions; terrain; organisation and discipline; espionage
How many elements are usually represented in the "Intelligence Cycle"?
Between 5-6 (lecture1 notes 4-6)
Which one of the following is NOT a domestic intelligence organisation?
CIA (MI5, ASIO, IB and FBI are all domestic)
What does CTAG stand for?
Combined Threat Assessment Group
COMINT
Communications Intelligence (information gathered from the communications of individuals, including telephone conversations, text messages and various types of online interactions.)
When was NZ's National Security Strategy first published?
Does not exist? - Should be NZ National Security SYSTEM?
What does ELINT stand for?
Electronic Intelligence (intelligence gathered by the use of electronic sensors and is generally those other than personal communications. The purpose is often to ascertain the capabilities of a target, such as the location of radar.)
Jomini
Emerged in wake of Napoleonic Wars: approached strategy and intelligence from different angle [to Clausewitz].Wrote "Summary of the Art of War". Cannot absolutely rely on intelligence to answer all our questions.
The Multi-national Law Enforcement Intelligence Operation OUTRIGGER identified drug production labs in which South Pacific country?
Fiji
GEOINT
Geospatial Intelligence (the exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the earth.)
What does GCSB stand for?
Government Communications Security Bureau
List the 4 member agencies of the NZ Intelligence Community (NZIC)?
Government Communications Security Bureau [GCSB]; NZ Security Intelligence Service[NZSIS] & National Assessments Bureau [NAB] (as from 2017?)
VENONA intelligence interception operations lead to the discovery of which of the following Soviet agents?
Guy Burgess
Clausewitz
Heavily influenced by war/conflict/changing nature of political and military affairs. Wrote "On War", published after his death. Understood unquantifiable factors - the 'fog' of war. Had similar thinking/approach as current intelligence cycle. Considered intelligence "unreliable and transient" and war based on "flimsy structure etc" (such as Iraq 2003 - WMD).
The New Zealand Intelligence Community oversight organisation is known as?
ISC - Intelligence and Security Committee
IMINT
Imagery Intelligence (an intelligence gathering discipline which collects information via satellite and aerial photography.)
Who is largely acknowledged as being responsible for developing the "Mandala Theory".
Kautilya
Kautilya
Known for "Arthashastra" and 'Mandala Theory' - 'every neighbour state is an enemy and the enemy's enemy is a friend'
Biometric Data (fingerprints) is a form of?
MASINT (Measurement and Signature Intelligence) [technically derived intelligence data other than imagery and SIGINT. The data results in intelligence that locates, identifies, or describes distinctive characteristics of targets. It employs a broad group of disciplines including nuclear, optical, radio frequency, acoustics, seismic, and materials sciences.]
What does MASINT stand for?
Measurement and Signature Intelligence
The ZIMMERMAN telegram contributed to the US finally entering WWI. The German telegram was intercepted by the British on its way to which country?
Mexico
What does NZSIS stand for?
New Zealand Security Intelligence Service
The forerunner of NZSIS was first established in 1956. What was it known as?
New Zealand Security Service
Which country is NOT a member of the 'Five Eyes' Intelligence Community?
Norway (5 eyes = Australia, NZ, UK, Canada, USA)
The forerunner of the CIA was known as?
OSS - Office of Strategic Services
What are the 2 main types of HUMINT cover?
Official cover and Non official Cover (NOC)
What does OSINT stand for?
Open Source Intelligence (any unclassified information and includes any freely/publicly available information that may come from media such as newspapers, television and websites.)
In 2011 al-Qaeda leader Usama Bin Laden was located in which country?
Pakistan
What key intelligence oversight body is missing from this list? Inspector General of Intelligence & Security (IGIS); Office of the Ombudsman; Auditor General; Privacy Commissioner; Commissioner of Security Warrants; ....?
Parliamentary Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC)
Scholar Mark Lowenthal suggests Intelligence should be considered as what three specific elements?
Product, Process & Institution (or Organisation/Agency)
Whistle-blower Edward Snowden is currently living in which country?
Russia
What is usually the first element represented in the 'Intelligence Cycle'?
Setting objectives/requirements (Planning & Direction)
SIGINT
Signals Intelligence (information gained by the collection and analysis of the electronic signals and communications of a given target.)
TECHINT
Technical Intelligence (purely military - intelligence about weapons and equipment used by the armed forces of foreign nations (often referred to as foreign material).The related term, scientific and technical intelligence, addresses information collected at the strategic (i.e., national) level.
Where are the two main GCSB interception stations in NZ?
Waihopai and Tangimoana
Counter-Proliferation focuses mainly on efforts to prevent state and non-state actors from procuring...?
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
The National Assessments Bureau (NAB) was formerly known as?
External Assessments Bureau (EAB)
The STUXNET virus specifically targeted which country and its nuclear programme?
Iran
The London-based private sector intelligence business Hakluyt was established by former members of which intelligence organisation?
MI6
Who wrote "The Prince"?
Machiavelli
Which book of spy fiction was NOT written by John Le Carre?
The Spy who Loved Me (Ian Fleming)
What two qualities are widely considered to be the hallmarks of good intelligence reporting?
Timely and Accurate
The Predator, Reaper and Global Hawk are all forms of what?
UAV - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
